700 kPa空气和氮氧混合气条件下大鼠脑电图的变化

目的：探讨700kPa空气和氮氧混合气对大鼠脑电活动的影响。方法：将清醒大鼠分别在700kPa空气和氮氧混合气（PO2为22kPa)中暴露15min,通过头皮针电极记录其脑电图及功率谱。结果：和加压前对比,700kPa空气中,大鼠脑电频率和波幅均无显著变化;700kPa氮氧混合气中,大鼠脑电频率变慢（P＜0．05）,波幅无显著变化。结论：700kPa空气对大鼠脑电影响不明显;700kPa氮氧混合气中,即氮分压达到678kPa时可对大鼠脑电活动产生较明显影响。     

清咳平喘颗粒治疗痰热郁肺型咳嗽的临床疗效观察

目的 观察清咳平喘颗粒治疗痰热郁肺型咳嗽的临床有效性。方法 选取2020年1月—2021年6月上海中医药大学附属龙华医院呼吸科门诊就诊的痰热郁肺型咳嗽患者100例,按随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组各50例,对照组为西医常规治疗,治疗组在西医常规治疗基础上联合清咳平喘颗粒治疗。两组均连续治疗2周。观察两组患者治疗前后的中医证候、咳嗽症状、气道反应（血清免疫球蛋白E、外周血嗜酸性粒细胞）、肺功能［最大呼气流量、第1秒用力呼气容积（forced expiratory volume for 1 second,FEV1）与用力肺活量（forced vital capacity,FVC）的比值］、生活质量及不良反应情况。结果 治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别是90%、94%,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。治疗后,两组患者中医证候评分、日间及夜间咳嗽积分较治疗前降低,且治疗组明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组血清免疫球蛋白E、外周血嗜酸性粒细胞较治疗前明显下降,且治疗组气道反应指标改善好于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组最大呼气流量、FEV1/FVC较治疗前明显上升（P<0.05）,但两组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。随访时两组患者的生活质量评分较治疗前均显著升高,治疗组评分改善优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗期间两组均未发生不良反应。结论 清咳平喘颗粒在治疗痰热郁肺型咳嗽安全性良好,有助于改善咳嗽症状,改善肺通气,提高患者生活质量。     

疏肝益肾起痿汤联合他达拉非片治疗5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂类抗抑郁药所致勃起功能障碍临床研究

目的：观察疏肝益肾起痿汤联合他达拉非片治疗5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂（SSRIs） 类抗抑郁药所 致勃起功能障碍（ED） 患者的效果。方法：选取112 例肝郁肾虚型SSRIs 类抗抑郁药所致ED 患者,采用随机 数字表法分为2 组各56 例,对照组给予他达拉非片治疗,观察组给予疏肝益肾起痿汤联合他达拉非片治疗, 2 组均治疗8 周。对比2 组临床疗效,治疗前后评定中医证候评分、勃起功能［勃起硬度评价量表（EHS） 评 分、国际勃起功能评分量表（IIEF-5） 评分］、心理状态［抑郁症筛查量表（PHQ-9） 评分］、血管内皮功能 ［血清内皮素-1（ET-1）、一氧化氮（NO）,血管扩张功能（FMD）］,观察治疗期间的不良反应。结果：治疗 后,观察组临床疗效优于对照组（P＜0.05）。2 组性欲下降、阴茎痿软不举、阴茎举而不坚、忧愁善感、小便 淋漓评分及PHQ-9 评分均较治疗前降低（P＜0.05）,观察组6 项评分均低于对照组（P＜0.05）。2 组EHS 评 分、IIEF-5 评分均较治疗前升高（P＜0.05）,观察组EHS 评分、IIEF-5 评分均高于对照组（P＜0.05）。2 组 ET-1 水平均较治疗前降低,NO 水平及FMD 值均较治疗前升高,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察组 ET-1 水平低于对照组,NO 水平及FMD 值均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。2 组患者均未发 生明显不良反应。结论：采用疏肝益肾起痿汤联合他达拉非片治疗肝郁肾虚型SSRIs 类抗抑郁药所致ED 效果 明显,能够改善患者的心理状态和血管内皮功能,提高勃起功能,安全性高。     

梯度平衡法改善猪卵巢组织玻璃化保存效果

目的研究梯度平衡法对卵巢组织玻璃化冷冻后组织形态学及凋亡的影响。方法取新鲜猪卵巢切成小块,未进行任何处理的为对照组、采用梯度平衡法冷冻的为梯度平衡组、采用直接平衡法冷冻的为直接平衡组。HE染色观察3组组织形态,原位末端转移酶标记(TUNEL)技术检测细胞凋亡情况。结果与对照组相比,梯度平衡组和直接平衡组卵泡的正常率均下降(均P<0.05),但后两组比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,梯度平衡组与直接平衡组的细胞凋亡率均显著增加(P<0.05),但梯度平衡组相对于直接平衡组,卵母细胞、颗粒细胞、基质细胞凋亡率(分别为14.8%vs.17.6%、13.8%vs.15.2%和15.7%vs.18.5%)均显著降低(P<0.05)。结论梯度平衡法可以减少玻璃化冻融卵巢组织过程中的细胞凋亡。     

Caesarean section and phaeochromocytoma resection in a patient with Von Hippel Lindau disease

This report describes the anaesthetic management of a women with a term gestation, Von Hippel Lindau disease (VHLD), and a phaeochromocytoma, scheduled for a combined phaeochromocytoma resection and Caesarean section. Von Hippel Lindau disease is characterized by diffuse haemangioblastomas of the central nervous system (CNS) and viscera. It is also associated with phaeochromocytomas and renal cell carcinomas. Patients frequently have asymptomatic spinal cord and intracranial pathology. The patient and her fetus presented a challenge because of the anaesthetic restrictions imposed by VHLD, and her pregnancy. She was also at risk of developing malignant hypertension from the phaeochromocytoma. The patient was not a candidate for regional anaesthesia because of the possibility of spinal cord haemangioblastomas. She had received adrenergic blockade with phentolamine (total 30 mg a day) and propranolol (total 40 mg a day) since the 27th wk of gestation in order to control hypertension secondary to the phaeochromocytoma. General anaesthesia was administered with aggressive management of hypertension with adrenergic blockers (labetalol 1.0 mg · kg^?1 and esmolol 0.75 mg · kg^?1) and sodium nitroprusside 1.5 μg · kg^?1 (total). Before delivery of the baby, opioids, which could have resulted in a fetus with CNS depression, were avoided. After delivery, opioids (sufentanil 0.4 ng · kg^?1 hr^?1) were used to limit the use of inhalational anaesthesia which may contribute to uterine atony. Postoperative pain was managed with an intravenous narcotic infusion. Both patients had uneventful postoperative courses.     

二尖瓣成形测瓣器的研制和临床应用

目的为在二尖瓣成形术中准确迅速判断瓣环和瓣叶病损的部位及程度,提高二尖瓣成形术的成功率。方法解剖测量30例国人正常新鲜心脏的二尖瓣,术中观察二尖瓣病理变化特点后研制了一种新型二尖瓣成形测瓣器。结果用测瓣器行二尖瓣成形术35例,成形手术时间由原来的(57±11)min减少到(35±15)min,手术死亡率由11％下降到3．3％。结论使用此种测瓣器可使二尖瓣成形术省时、准确,成功率明显提高。     

Reactions to medical abortion among providers of surgical abortion: an early snapshot

Medical abortion has the potential to expand US women's access to pregnancy termination, especially in areas that lack surgical providers. Exploratory interviews conducted in 1996 with 25 long-term providers of surgical abortion offered a "snapshot" of an early moment in the adoption of medical abortion techniques in the US. 20 of these providers already had experience with methotrexate and/or mifepristone. Overall, the interviews suggested that innovation in the area of abortifacient agents is likely to proceed slowly and cautiously, despite their high degrees of efficacy and safety. Although providers were committed to providing women a full range of abortion alternatives, they indicated that medical abortion demands substantial modifications in office routines. For example, counseling medical abortion patients requires twice the time as talking to a surgical abortion patient. The need for ultrasound to size very early pregnancies and ensure the abortion has been completed restricts provision to physicians with access to this technology. The requirement of ultrasound and multiple office visits makes medical abortion more costly than the surgical approach. Continued expansion in the ranks of medical abortion providers is dependent upon factors such as the ultimate status of mifepristone in terms of US Food and Drug Administration approval and appropriate manufacturing and distribution arrangements, clarification of whether misoprostol insertion must be performed in a physician's office, the willingness of managed care insurance plans to cover this alternative, and the response of US anti-abortion organizations.     

A two-illness model of bipolar disorder

The current approach to mood disorders is that bipolar disorder, comprising both mania and depression, is a discreet illness distinct from unipolar depression. This formulation has profoundly influenced the approach to understanding the biology and etiology of these disorders, as well as the manner in which the various phases of bipolar disorder are treated. Our new model suggests that bipolar disorder comprises two distinct illnesses, mania and depression, and that bipolar depression is no different from unipolar depression. Studies of clinical syndromes, course of illness, family history and genetics, biological factors, and treatment response data directly or indirectly support this new model.     

Inhibition of fibrinolysis by a synthetic urokinase inhibitor enhances lung colonization of metastatic murine mammary tumor cells

We have investigated the role of coagulation and fibrinolysis during the metastatic lung colonization of F3II mouse mammary carcinoma cells. The selective synthetic urokinase inhibitor B623 significantly enhanced lung colonization and blocked the antimetastatic effect of heparin when administered i.p. during the first stages of metastasis formation. In B623-treated mice the overall activity of the fibrinolytic system was reduced and circulating urokinase was specifically inhibited by this agent. In vitro studies demonstrated that B623 induces the aggregation of F3II cells in the presence of mouse plasma and facilitates the entrapment of tumor cells in a fibrin gel matrix. Our data suggest that imbalances of fibrin deposition and removal may dramatically influence metastatic lung colonization.