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Prevailing models of the association between expressed emotion (EE) and relapse conceptualize EE as a form of stress for patients. In eating disorders (ED), there is no research addressed to evaluate the degree to which patients feel stress due to their relatives’ EE. It has been neither investigated how the EE and the subsequent stress relate to disordered behaviours and attitudes neither. Using a sample of 77 inpatients with ED, this study aimed to: (1) evaluate patients’ reported level of stress as it relates to their caregivers’ EE, particularly as associated with carer's criticism, emotional overinvolvement and warmth; (2) examine the associations of stress with the patients’ perceptions (self-reported) and the caregivers’ perspective (assessed by the Camberwell Family Interview) of the EE; and (3) study how the two views of EE (patients’ and caregivers’) and the stress due to EE relate to the ED symptoms. The findings indicate that patients judged their carers’ critical stance as the most stressful, followed by emotional overinvolvement. Secondly, patients’ perceptions of EE, whereas none of the interview indices focused on the caregivers’ perspective, were associated to the stress and to the ED symptomatology. Additionally, the patients’ stress due to criticism was positively related to the ED symptoms, while the stress associated with emotional overinvolvement and warmth was not. Clinical and research implications are discussed. Findings suggest attention to the ED patients’ view of their family environment and support the utility of assessing their appraisals of EE. 相似文献
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Anne Girardet Victoria Viart Stéphanie Plaza Gemma Daina Martine De Rycke Marie Des Georges Francesco Fiorentino Gary Harton Aliya Ishmukhametova Joaquima Navarro Caroline Raynal Pamela Renwick Florielle Saguet Martin Schwarz Sioban SenGupta Maria Tzetis Anne-Fran?oise Roux Mireille Claustres 《European journal of human genetics : EJHG》2016,24(4):469-478
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common indications for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for single gene disorders, giving couples the opportunity to conceive unaffected children without having to consider termination of pregnancy. However, there are no available standardized protocols, so that each center has to develop its own diagnostic strategies and procedures. Furthermore, reproductive decisions are complicated by the diversity of disease-causing variants in the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) gene and the complexity of correlations between genotypes and associated phenotypes, so that attitudes and practices toward the risks for future offspring can vary greatly between countries. On behalf of the EuroGentest Network, eighteen experts in PGD and/or molecular diagnosis of CF from seven countries attended a workshop held in Montpellier, France, on 14 December 2011. Building on the best practice guidelines for amplification-based PGD established by ESHRE (European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology), the goal of this meeting was to formulate specific guidelines for CF-PGD in order to contribute to a better harmonization of practices across Europe. Different topics were covered including variant nomenclature, inclusion criteria, genetic counseling, PGD strategy and reporting of results. The recommendations are summarized here, and updated information on the clinical significance of CFTR variants and associated phenotypes is presented. 相似文献
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There is much evidence that neurological soft signs (NSS) are highly prevalent in both adults and children with schizophrenia. In addition, they have been detected as early precursors of a schizophrenic outcome in at-risk subjects. Such findings point to the possible value of NSS as neurointegrative markers in schizophrenia which has been hypothesized to be a neurodevelopmental disease. In our study we used a biobehavioral criterion to select the 'at-risk' group, a sustained attentional deficit as measured by the continuous performance test (CPT). We compared 140 normal adolescents with 162 'CPT-linked vulnerable' adolescents (index subjects) on a battery for the assessment of NSS (including laterality), IQ, frontal lobe function and schizotypy. An association was found between NSS and attentional deficit. Furthermore, index subjects with NSS were characterized by lower IQ scores, poorer performance on frontal lobe tests and greater problems with social interaction. There was also a trend for an association between male sex and both left-handedness and NSS. 相似文献
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Purpose
Studies of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) within community samples of adolescents have explored predominantly positive experiences. There is a paucity of research examining the prevalence and correlates of negative PLEs, and whether particular subtypes of negative PLEs can be identified among the general population of adolescents. This study examined the association of both positive and negative PLEs with depressive symptoms, including detailed analysis of subtypes of positive and negative psychosis dimensions.Method
A community sample of 777 adolescents (50.9% girls: mean age 14.4 years) completed a questionnaire assessing positive and negative PLEs and depressive symptoms.Results
Principal component factor analysis identified four factors of positive symptoms (persecutory ideation, grandiose thinking, first-rank/hallucinatory experiences and self-referential thinking), and three factors of negative symptoms (social withdrawal, affective flattening, and avolition). Depressive symptoms were associated positively with persecutory ideation, first-rank/hallucinatory experiences, social withdrawal, and avolition, whereas grandiose thinking related negatively with depressive symptoms. Neither self-referential thinking nor affective flattening related to self-reported depression.Conclusions
These findings support the view that not all types of positive and negative PLEs in adolescence are associated with depression and, therefore, they may not confer the same vulnerability for psychotic disorders. 相似文献17.
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Jaume Capdevila Jose Perez-Garcia Gabriel Obiols Josep Tabernero 《Targeted oncology》2009,4(4):275-285
Differentiated thyroid carcinoma is the most frequent neoplasm of the endocrine system. Although thyroid cancer usually has
an excellent prognosis, no therapeutic options are available for patients that develop metastases and are or became resistant
to radioiodine therapy. The deeper knowledge of molecular aberrations that characterize tumor growth has provided novel targets
in cancer therapy. Several proteins have been implicated as having a crucial role in the carcinogenesis of differentiated
thyroid cancer, such as those involved in RET/PTC-RAS-RAF-MAPK pathway. Moreover, vascular aberrations and angiogenesis equilibrium
have also been related to tumor growth. The development of new, targeted therapies and their encouraging initial results have
opened a hopeful opportunity of treatment for these orphan therapy tumor patients. 相似文献