Self-reported illness and general practice consultations in Asian-born and British-born residents of West London

Summary Using data collected in a large scale community survey, some aspects of illness behaviour were compared in Asian-born and British-born residents of West London. Asian-born men were found to be far more likely to consult a general practitioner than British men, although the former group reported less long-standing illness and emotional distress than the latter. Self-assessed health among Asian men was significantly worse than among native men, and it was this health measure which was found to have the greatest effect on general practice consultations when a linear model was constructed. Differences in illness behaviour between Asian-born an indigenous women were not significant.     

The use of segmented regression for evaluation of an interrupted time series study involving complex intervention: the CaPSAI project experience

Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology - An interrupted time series with a parallel control group (ITS-CG) design is a powerful quasi-experimental design commonly used to evaluate the...     

99mTc-DTPA气溶胶显像测定呼吸道粘液纤毛清除功能

为进一步研究呼吸道疾病时的粘液纤毛清除功能,采用99mTc-DTPA气溶胶吸入显像,通过电影显示定性和定量指标分析.对18 例健康受试者和患者进行了显像研究,得到气道清除率和粘液纤毛清除率的正常值,并观察了32例慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)患者气管-支气管纤毛清除功能的改变.结果显示,健康受试者与COPD患者粘液纤毛清除率(mm/min)分别为3.89±0.92和1.32±0.59,两者比较有显著性差异(P＜0.01),COPD患者不同时间气道清除率和粘液纤毛清除率均明显低于健康受试者(P＜0.01).本研究方法简便客观,具有定性观察和定量分析的优点,对于呼吸系统其它疾病(如支气管扩张、原发性纤毛无运动)的研究及药物疗效的评价具有重要的临床实用价值.     

外周动静脉同步换血对血清钙的影响

目的：探讨外周动静脉同步换血对血清钙的影响。方法：对２５全高胆红素血症患儿采用同型血进行外周动静脉同步换血,换血前后在同一动脉端取血测血清钙。结果：换血过程中应用钙剂组（观察组）与未应用钙剂组,血钙水平在换血前后及两组之间均无差异,Ｐ〉０．０５。注射钙剂的不良反应发生率为６．２５％。结论：外周动静脉同步换血疗法对血清钙无明显影响,换血过程中静注钙剂是不必要的。     

Effects of acetylcholine, carbachol, and mannitol on rabbit corneal endothelial function as assessed by corneal deturgescence

Background: Anterior chamber miotic solutions are widely used in ophthalmic surgery to induce pupillary contraction. We investigated whether the acetylcholine, carbachol, or mannitol present in perfusing solutions can affect corneal endothelial function. Methods: Freshly dissected deepithelized rabbit corneas were mounted in a Dikstein-Maurice chamber at 36 °C. The endothelial sides were perfused with six solutions: (A) 55 mM (1%) acetylcholine Cl plus modified balanced salts; (B) control for A, with acetylcholine Cl replaced by sucrose; (C) 0.55 mM (0.01%) carbachol Cl plus balanced salts; (D) balanced salts solution (BS; control for C); (E) 3% mannitol plus modified balanced salts; and (F) modified balanced salts (control for E, with mannitol replaced by sucrose). Corneal thickness was followed for 3 h in each experiment. The effect of solution E did not differ from that of solution F. Results: The carbachol-containing solution produced a small increase in corneal thickness compared to the control solution, while the acetylcholine-containing solution resulted in corneal thickness lower than that in control preparations. Conclusion: From these data, acetylcholine is harmless to the endothelium, and may actually stimulate its fluid pump mechanism. Carbachol, on the other hand, appears to have a detrimental effect.