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Likelihood of residential aged care use in later life: a simple approach to estimation with international comparison 下载免费PDF全文
Joanna B. Broad Toni Ashton Merryn Gott Heather McLeod Peter B. Davis Martin J. Connolly 《Australian and New Zealand journal of public health》2015,39(4):374-379
Objectives: In New Zealand (NZ), place of death among decedents aged 65+ years has been reported as residential aged care (RAC, 38%), acute hospital (34%) or elsewhere (28%). However, lifetime risk of use of RAC (or nursing homes) is unknown. A simple method of estimation is demonstrated for NZ and Australia, with comparisons to other countries. Methods: Deaths of RAC residents in acute hospitals were estimated for NZ from four separate studies and added to deaths occurring in RAC, to derive the likelihood of using RAC after age 65 years. Academic and other sources were searched for comparative reports. Results: An estimated 18% of RAC residents died in acute hospital in NZ. When added to those who died in RAC, the proportion using RAC for late‐life care was estimated at over 47% (66% if aged 85+ years). Of 12 US reports, the median report was 41%. Elsewhere, Finland was 47%, UK 28%, Australia 34% to 53%, and Germany 22% & 26%. Conclusions: Simple estimation using existing data demonstrates that RAC in late life is common. Implications: Late‐life care services will continue to evolve. Monitoring RAC utilisation is necessary for informed debate about palliative care provision in RAC, use of hospital by RAC residents and for planning and policy setting. 相似文献
114.
Parents' experiences of living with a child with hydrocephalus: a cross‐sectional interview‐based study 下载免费PDF全文
Joanna Smith PhD MSc BSc RSCN RGN Francine Cheater PhD MA RGN Hilary Bekker PhD MSc BSc 《Health expectations》2015,18(5):1709-1720
Background
Shunts, the main treatment for hydrocephalus, are problematic because they frequently malfunction. Detecting shunt malfunction is challenging because symptoms are similar to those of common childhood illnesses, particularly viral infections. Parents are responsible for identifying shunt malfunction and responding accordingly. Understanding parents'' experiences has the potential to improve parent–professional collaboration and the management of the child''s condition.Aim
To explore parents'' experiences of living with a child with hydrocephalus and their decisions when they suspect shunt malfunction.Design and methods
A cross‐sectional interview‐based survey using qualitative methods was undertaken. Twenty‐five parents participated in the interviews. Framework approach underpinned data analysis.Findings
Three concepts, ‘uncertainty’, ‘developing expertise’, and ‘a normal life’, were identified. These concepts were dynamic in nature as parents learned through experience, adapted to changes in their child''s health status and made decisions about their needs. Uncertainty because of the unpredictability and life‐threatening nature of shunt malfunction dominated parents'' accounts. Through experience, parents learned to differentiate between symptoms that suggested a shunt problem and those of other childhood illnesses, but perceived their expertise was not always valued by health professionals or used to inform clinical decisions. Decisions about where or when to seek advice related to prior experiences of health‐care services and minimizing disruption for the whole family.Conclusion
Parents can recognize illness symptoms suggestive of shunt malfunction and want to collaborate with health professionals about the management of their child''s condition. Collaboration with parents requires health professionals to listen to parents'' concerns and value their experiences. 相似文献115.
Nawal D. Alqarni Joanna Wysocka Nader El-Bagoury Jacek Ryl Mohammed A. Amin Rabah Boukherroub 《RSC advances》2018,8(34):19289
The electrochemical and corrosion (uniform and localized) behavior of a binary Ni52Ti48 shape memory alloy (SMA) and two ternary Ni52Ti48−xCox (x = 1.5 and 4.0 wt%) SMAs were studied. Measurements were conducted in 0.9% NaCl solution at 37 °C employing various electrochemical methods. These include: linear polarization resistance (LPR), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), chronoamperometry and dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (DEIS). Such measurements were complemented with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Results revealed that the addition of alloyed Co to NiTi significantly reduced the uniform corrosion rate of the studied SMA and greatly enhanced its pitting corrosion resistance. XPS measurements evidenced high stability of the passive layer and limited adsorption of chloride ions. Additionally, it was found that the passive layer remained primarily composed of titanium oxides. Microstructure changes accompanying the addition of Co were also used to account for its role in improving the corrosion resistance of these materials.The electrochemical and corrosion (uniform and localized) behavior of a binary Ni52Ti48 shape memory alloy (SMA) and two ternary Ni52Ti48−xCox (x = 1.5 and 4.0 wt%) SMAs were studied. 相似文献
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Rodolfo Gonzalez Camargo Daniela Mendes dos Reis Riccardi Henrique Quintas Teixeira Ribeiro Luiz Carlos Carnevali Jr. Emidio Marques de Matos-Neto Lucas Enjiu Rodrigo Xavier Neves Joanna Darck Carola Correia Lima Raquel Galv?o Figuerêdo Paulo Sérgio Martins de Alcantara Linda Maximiano José Otoch Miguel Luiz Batista Jr. Gerhard Püschel Marilia Seelaender 《Nutrients》2015,7(6):4465-4479
118.
Sport Sciences for Health - Literature examining left ventricular (LV) structural adaptations to combined strength and endurance training is inconsistent. Rugby is a sport that combines these two... 相似文献
119.
An Assessment of an Amidolytic Assay for Factor VII in the Laboratory Control of Oral Anticoagulants
L. Poller Jean M. Thomson Anna Bodzenta Ann C. Easton Z. S. Latallo Joanna Chmielewska 《British journal of haematology》1981,49(1):69-75
S ummary . A comparison has been made between the prothrombin time test using British Comparative Thromboplastin (BCT) and a chromogenic substrate assay for factor VII in the assessment of laboratory control of oral anticoagulants in short-term and long-term patients. Opportunity was also taken to compare the findings with parallel results obtained with the venous Thrombotest technique and a specific clotting assay for factor VII. There was good agreement between the amidolytic factor VII assay, using a method modified from Seligsohn et al (1978) with the Quick test using BCT and Thrombotest in 60 long-term patients. Tests in 53 patients within the first 3 weeks of starting oral anticoagulant administration gave less satisfactory agreement between the above amidolytic method and the conventional tests. In contrast, there was a good correlation between the two conventional tests in both groups and also between the clotting and amidolytic factor VII method. Although the results are an improvement on previous, less satisfactory correlations between the BCT prothrombin time method and amidolytic assays for factor II and X, the present study indicates the limitations of a specific clotting assay versus a broad spectrum extrinsic clotting test in oral anticoagulant control. While not warranting the routine use of the chromogenic assay for factor VII in place of the prothrombin time using BCT, the factor VII amidolytic assay offers a limited but dependable guide to dosage in long-term patients. The complexity of the technique in its present form militates against its adoption for routine anticoagulant control in hospital laboratories. 相似文献
120.
F C Chao J L Tullis D M Kenney G S Conneely J R Doyle 《Thrombosis et diathesis haemorrhagica》1974,32(1):216-231
The effects of varying concentrations of platelets, fibrinogen and thrombin on platelet aggregation and on fibrin clotting were investigated. The results indicated that a threshold thrombin to platelet concentration ratio may be required to cause platelet activation. Above the threshold ratio, platelets exhibited properties which enhanced thrombin action in causing aggregation and fibrin clotting. At T/P ratios below the threshold level, the presence of platelets reduced thrombin activity, in other words, platelets exerted an antithrombin action. Fibrinogen at low concentrations (0.02-1.5 mg/ml) enhanced platelet aggregation induced by thrombin; whereas, at high concentrations of fibrinogen (2.0-4.0 mg/ml), aggregation was markedly inhibited. Continuous mixing of samples of paltelets and fibrinogen at physiological concentrations with thrombin at low concentrations (less than 2.0 U/ml) resulted in platelet aggregation. On the other hand, fibrin clots formed in samples without mixing or with high thrombin concentrations (greater than or equal to 5.0 U/ml). These results suggested that the quantitative relationships between platelets, fibrinogen and thrombin, and the presence or absence of cell contact may be important factors in determining the overall hemostasis. 相似文献