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31.
Capello  E.  Vuolo  L.  Gualandi  F.  Van Lint  M. T.  Roccatagliata  L.  Bonzano  L.  Pardini  M.  Uccelli  A.  Mancardi  Gianluigi 《Neurological sciences》2009,30(2):175-175
Autologous haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation has been evaluated over the last years as a possible new therapeutic strategy in severe forms of multiple sclerosis unresponsive to the approved therapies. Up to now, more than 400 patients have been treated and numerous are the phase I and phase II studies which addressed the feasibility of this treatment, the efficacy, side effects and transplant-related mortality. The clinical response is strongly related to the intensity of the conditioning regimen utilized as well as to the phase of the disease course in which the therapy is carried out. Rapidly evolving multiple sclerosis with a relapsing–remitting clinical course and MRI signs of activity are the cases that can take more advantage. The risk of mortality, which dropped in the last years to 2–3%, is still the main problem of this powerful therapy.  相似文献   
32.
The feasibility of using a direct measure of respirator leakage flow rate as a quantitative index of respirator face seal fit has been explored through the use of a new controlled negative pressure method. The method is based on exhausting air from a temporarily sealed respirator facepiece at a rate sufficient to generate and then sustain a constant negative pressure inside the facepiece while the wearer holds his breath. The magnitude of the negative pressure is preselected to replicate the mean inspiratory pressure inside the mask during normal wear. With the air-purifying paths into the respirator temporarily blocked, measurement of the exhaust flow rate yields a synonymous measure of the leakage flow rate into the mask during inspiration under normal use conditions. The feasibility of using the new method to quantify respirator fit was assessed in a preliminary study that compared its performance with a quantitative fit test method based on the use of dichlorodifluoromethane as a challenge agent. Study data exhibit a high degree of correlation (r greater than 0.99) and no significant difference between the two methods over a range of controlled mask leakage rates. A major advantage of the new method is that a worker can be fit tested with his assigned respirator because the method does not require a destructive sampling probe. Other significant benefits compared to current methods used to quantify respirator fit appear to include (1) ease of test administration, (2) simplicity of test components, (3) lack of a potentially toxic challenge agent, (4) a straightforward calibration procedure, (5) multiple test capability, (6) immediacy of test results, and (7) field portability of the test system.  相似文献   
33.
OBJECTIVE.--To determine behavioral and demographic risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in central Africa. DESIGN.--Cross-sectional survey. SETTING.--Kigali, Rwanda. PARTICIPANTS.--A representative sample of 1458 childbearing women aged 19 to 37 years who were recruited from outpatient prenatal and pediatric clinics at the only community hospital in the city. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE.--Antibodies to HIV assessed by enzyme immunoassay and confirmed by Western blot or indirect immunofluorescence. RESULTS.--The HIV seroprevalence was 32% overall. Infection rates were higher in women who were single, in those in steady relationships that began after 1981, and in the 33% of women reporting more than one lifetime sexual partner. Women in legal marriages or monogamous partnerships had lower rates of infection, but even low-risk women had prevalences on the order of 20%. History of venereal disease in the past 5 years, although the strongest risk factor in a multiple logistic analysis (odds ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 2.0 to 3.7), was reported by only 30% of those infected. Having a male sexual partner who drank alcohol or who had higher income were significant risk factors for HIV infection in the multivariate analysis, but use of oral contraceptives and having an uncircumcised partner were not. CONCLUSIONS.--The epidemic of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Rwanda has spread beyond high-risk groups to the general population of women without known risk factors. For most of these women, a steady male partner is the source of their HIV risk and therefore a vital target for intervention efforts.  相似文献   
34.
Five 3'-fluorinated ribonucleosides were prepared and evaluated for their inhibitory properties against different viruses. The synthesis of these compounds was achieved by treatment of 2',5'-di-O-tritylated nucleoside analogues possessing a xylo-configuration with diethylaminosulfur trifluoride, followed by deprotection. 3'-Fluoro-3'-deoxyadenosine was active against a broad range of viruses, encompassing both DNA viruses [pox (vaccinia)], single-stranded (+) RNA viruses [picorna (polio, Coxsackie B), toga (sindbis, Semliki Forest)] and double-stranded RNA viruses (reo). In its antiviral activity spectrum 3'-fluoro-3'-deoxyadenosine clearly differed from those adenosine analogues that are known as inhibitors of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. 3'-Fluoro-3'-deoxyadenosine also proved effective in vivo, in inhibiting tail lesion formation in mice inoculated intravenously with vaccinia virus.  相似文献   
35.
36.
A quantitative assay for ALZ-50 immunoreactivity was evaluated in samples of superior temporal gyrus taken at autopsy from 13 Alzheimer patients and 11 controls. The assayable immunoreactivity appears to be stable for at least 24 hours postmortem but was lost with formalin fixation. The mean value of the Alzheimer patients was tenfold higher than that of the controls (P less than .002). The values of four Alzheimer samples overlapped with the low levels seen in controls, but no controls had elevated levels. In this sample population, therefore, the assay had a sensitivity of 69% and specificity of 100%.  相似文献   
37.
The absolute activities of the pure beta-emitters 89Sr and 90Y have been determined by a direct method, namely the triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) efficiency calculation technique. This undertaking has extended further the number of radionuclides that have been standardized by this non-extrapolation liquid scintillation (LS) method. Both measurements were carried out within the framework of international key comparisons under the auspices of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). The TDCR results agreed well with those of other participating national laboratories, most using alternative (tracer) methods.  相似文献   
38.
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy - In order to calculate the minimum sterilization process conditions to obtain the generally accepted sterility level (less than 1·10?6...  相似文献   
39.
The effects of intracerebral implants of 17 beta estradiol and cholesterol in five brain regions were tested on the duration of the dorsal immobility response in ovariectomized female rats. The dorsal immobility response was significantly prolonged by 4-hr implants of 17 beta estradiol in the dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens, but not in the cortex, the globus pallidus, or the substantia nigra pars compacta. These data further support previous evidence that estradiol acts directly on the striatum to affect behavior in the rat.  相似文献   
40.

Background  

The mitogen-activated protein kinases, MAPKs for short, constitute cascades of signalling pathways involved in the regulation of several cellular processes that include cell proliferation, differentiation and motility. They also intervene in neurological processes like fear conditioning and memory. Since little remains known about the MAPK-Activated Protein Kinase, MAPKAPK5, we constructed the first MAPKAPK knockin mouse model, using a constitutive active variant of MAPKAPK5 and analyzed the resulting mice for changes in anxiety-related behaviour.  相似文献   
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