运动与ATP-敏感型钾离子通道

背景：在运动生理状态下，KATP 在调节冠状动脉张力、运动诱导心肌保护效应和延缓骨骼肌疲劳等多个方面具有重要作用。目的：对KATP在运动中的作用进行了综述和探讨，以期为深入了解运动调节机体代谢提供理论参考。方法：检索1991年1月至2014年6月 PubMed数据库及维普中文科技数据库文献。英文检索词为“KATP Channels；Adenosine Triphosphate；Sports；Myocardium；Ion Channels”，中文检索词为“KATP通道；三磷酸腺苷；运动；心肌；离子通道”。选择与KATP分子结构、生物学功能及调控相关，以及KATP与冠状动脉、心肌、骨骼肌疲劳及运动能力相关的文献42篇文献进行探讨。结果与结论：ATP敏感性钾离子通道可以偶联细胞内能量代谢和细胞膜兴奋性，在应对各种生理和病理应激时是保护心肌的效应器之一。长期的耐力训练则会增加骨骼肌和心肌KATP的表达，可能是心肌和骨骼肌对运动应激产生的一种适应性表现。KATP 可能参与冠状动脉血流量的调节。在运动诱导的减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护效应中，心肌KATP具有重要作用。当骨骼肌疲劳发生时，KATP的激活有利于防止ATP的过度消耗而造成肌纤维损伤和细胞死亡，有利于疲劳的快速恢复。关于KATP与运动能力的关系仍需进一步的研究。     

社区痴呆患者漫游行为非药物干预的研究进展

介绍社区痴呆患者漫游行为状况及其对健康的影响,漫游导致的不良后果严重影响患者的生活质量,降低其自理能力,给患者带来痛苦的同时,增加社会和家庭的医疗照护负担。老年痴呆患者漫游风险因素的评估工具主要有漫游风险量表、老年痴呆患者日常空间定向问卷、寻路效能量表;非药物干预措施主要包括环境改造、智能家居技术、参与活动、感觉疗法等,可改善社区痴呆患者漫游行为。     

ALDH1 and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes as predictors for neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in breast cancer

Many studies have reported that Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are related to breast cancer prognosis. However, the clinical significance of ALDH1 and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in breast cancer has not been fully investigated in patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). We studied the significance of the expression of ALDH1 and the population of TIL for predicting the prognosis and chemotherapeutic response of patients with breast cancer who had received NAC. Forty patients who underwent NAC were enrolled in this study. ALDH1 and TIL (T cells and tumor associated macrophages) were evaluated before and after NAC. The influences of ALDH1 expression status and TIL populations on both prognosis and chemotherapeutic response were evaluated. ALDH1 positivity was related to estrogen receptor (p?=?0.026) and progesterone receptor negativity (p?=?0.025). Positive change of ALDH1 after NAC tended to be associated with a poor NAC response (p?=?0.078). Patients with more CD8+ T cells before NAC and fewer CD68 (+) macrophages after NAC tended to have better OS, respectively (p?=?0.086, p?=?0.096). The chemotherapeutic response and prognosis of patients with breast cancer who received NAC are thought to be determined by the tumor microenvironment. Further research with more patients and a longer study period is needed.     

浅谈基层医院检验人员素质提高的必要性

近年来，许多县级医院检验科相继引进了不同档次和类型的血液、尿液、生化等各种自动化检验仪器，从而改变了过去劳动强度大、工作效率低、人为误差相对较大的状况。医学检验工作在医院的地位和作用在不断提高，其在临床诊疗工作中扮演的角色也越来越重要。检验人员素质的高低直接影响着检验质量，而检验质量的高低，是衡量医院技术水平的一个重要标志。因此，提高基层医院检验人员的素质至关重要，其是提高检验质量的关键。