The axial frontonasal flap for reconstruction of large nasal-tip defects based on modified nasal subunits in East Asians

The nasal tip is a prominent landmark on the face, and skin carcinomas of this area are very common. Moderate and large deep skin defects of the nasal tip normally represent a difficult reconstructive challenge. Nasal-tip reconstruction techniques have evolved to allow not only filling of the gap, but cosmetic and functional retention. Numerous flap options are available to reconstruct the defect of the tip of the nose. In this paper, we report the technique of the axial frontonasal flap and its use in reconstruction of large nasal-tip defects in East Asians. The axial frontonasal flap described is a good alternative for reconstruction of nasal-tip defects > 15 mm in diameter, with excellent aesthetic results. This technique is reliable, yields excellent functional and cosmetic results, and we believe that it is a valuable alternative to other techniques of reconstruction for defects of the nasal tip.     

Receptor crosstalk: reprogramming B cell receptor signalling to an alternate pathway results in expression and secretion of the autoimmunity‐associated cytokine,osteopontin

Intracellular signalling emanating from the B‐cell antigen receptor is considered to follow a discrete course that requires participation by a set of mediators, grouped together as the signalosome, in order for downstream events to occur. Recent work indicates that this paradigm is true only for naïve B cells. Following engagement of the IL‐4 receptor, a new, alternate pathway for B‐cell receptor (BCR)‐triggered intracellular signalling is established that bypasses the need for signalosome elements and operates in parallel with the classical, signalosome‐dependent pathway. Reliance on Lyn and sensitivity to rottlerin by the former, but not the latter, distinguishes these two pathways. The advent of alternate pathway signalling leads to production and secretion by B cells of osteopontin (Opn). As Opn is a polyclonal B‐cell activator that is strongly associated with a number of autoimmune diseases including lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, this novel finding is likely to be clinically relevant. Our results highlight the potential role of B‐cell‐derived Opn in immunity and autoimmunity and suggest that stress‐related IL‐4 expression might act to strengthen immunoglobulin secretion at the risk of autoantibody formation. Further, these results illustrate receptor crosstalk in the form of reprogramming, whereby engagement of one receptor (IL‐4R) produces an effect that persists after the original ligand (IL‐4) is removed and results in alteration of the pathway, and outcome, of signalling via a second receptor (BCR) following its activation.     

Successful treatment of Epstein–Barr Virus-associated haemophagocytic syndrome arising after living donor liver transplantation

A 6-year-old girl received an orthotopic liver transplant secondary to liver failure of unknown etiology. Several days after liver transplantation, she developed pancytopenia and Epstein –Barr Virus (EBV)-positive seroconvert after transplant. Taking of medical history to provide evidence of pancytopenia correlated with EBV infection after transplant. Bone-marrow biopsy was carry out to confirm haemophagocytic syndrome (HPS). Laboratory investigations, including blood routine count, microscopic blood film examination, serum ferritin concentration, and liver function tests were carried out starting from the first day of suspected HPS infection, continuing until 15 weeks post-infection. Liver transplantation followed with a combination of cyclosporin A, corticosteroids, VP-16, and supportive strategies.     

帕罗西汀和西酞普兰对急性应激障碍和创伤后应激障碍的不同预防作用

利用急性强迫游泳(FST)以及单次延长的应激(single-prolonged stress,SPS)模型分别模拟急性应激障碍(ASD)和创伤后应激障碍(PTSD),利用FST中不动时间作为应激障碍指标,评价两种5-HT再摄取抑制剂(SSRIs)帕罗西汀或西酞普兰对ASD和PTSD可能的预防作用。大鼠经过或不经过SPS处理(包括2h束缚,20min FST,休息15min后乙醚麻醉至意识丧失)后,每天通过饮用水给予不同剂量的帕罗西汀(20或40mg/kg)、西酞普兰(20或30mg/kg)或者正常进食水,连续14d后进行20minFST,计算该期限内每5min的不动时间,进行统计学分析,观察帕罗西汀和西酞普兰对动物行为的影响。SPS14d后大鼠的不动时间显著延长(0~5min:P<0.05,vs正常大鼠;5~10min:P<0.01,vs正常大鼠)。连续给予14d20mg/kg帕罗西汀显著缩短动物的不动时间(0~5、5~10和10~15min:P<0.05,vsSPS大鼠)。40mg/kg帕罗西汀以及20/30mg/kg西酞普兰显著缩短0~5min内的不动时间(P<0.05,vsSPS大鼠),但对其余时间点的不动时间没有影响(P>0.05,vsSPS大鼠),相反,40mg/kg帕罗西汀预处理还导致动物在15~20min内的不动时间显著延长。正常大鼠经过14d帕罗西汀或西酞普兰预处理后,0~5和5~10min的不动时间与饮用水对照相比没有显著差异。我们的实验结果提示较低临床剂量帕罗西汀和西酞普兰都可以用于预防ASD,较低剂量帕罗西汀预防PTSD的效果明显好于西酞普兰,同时我们的实验结果还提示对于ASD或PTSD的预防来说,增大抗抑郁药物的剂量,并不一定能取得期望的增加的疗效。     

儿童精神分裂症患者记忆障碍的研究

目的探讨儿童精神分裂症患者的记忆损害及其与精神症状的关系。方法采用修订韦氏记忆量表对经非典型抗精神病药物治疗8周的76例首发儿童精神分裂症患者的记忆功能进行评估,同时采用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定临床症状。结果1患者组100-1、记图、再认、再生、触摸、理解、背数和记忆智商均显著低于对照组（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;2患者组有41例（53.95%）、对照组有7例（11.67%）、常模中有15.87%的人记忆智商在85分以下,患者组较对照组及常模均有显著高的记忆异常发生率（χ^2=26.246,μ=9.067;P〈0.01）;3患者组阴性症状与再认、触摸及全量表分呈负相关（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;PANSS量表总分与记图呈负相关（P〈0.05）。结论儿童精神分裂症有明显的记忆障碍,且记忆损害与阴性症状有关。     

西安、赤峰两地高考生考试焦虑缓解方法的对比研究

目的了解两地高考生考试焦虑的现状,探索缓解考试焦虑的方法。方法采用Sarason考试焦虑量表测查西安、赤峰两地两校高三学生的考试焦虑情况,制定缓解方案并应用于实验组,然后对两所学校的缓解方案效果进行了比较。结果高考生的考试焦虑情况比较明显,文化、经济、民族不同的两校高考生之间比较无显著差异P〉0.05。两所学校高考生缓解方案的效果均明显。即西安实验组A班第一、二次测评为19.21、15.77,t=6.15,P〈0.01;赤峰实验组C班第一、二次测评为19.15、15.56,t=6.21,P〈0.01。结论高考生考试焦虑普遍存在,地域分布并无显著差异,所制定的压力缓解方案简便易行且有实效。     

A Genome Wide Detection of Quantitative Trait Loci on Pig Maternal Infanticide Behavior in a Large Scale White Duroc × Erhualian Resource Population

Maternal behavior around parturition is important to piglet survival. An extreme form of failure of maternal behavior, also called maternal infanticide, often occurs in some sows. This is defined as an active attack to piglets using the jaws, resulting in serious or fatal bite wounds within 24 h of birth. It leads to considerable economic losses to the pig industry and severe problems in pig welfare. In this study, maternal behaviors from 5 h before to 24 h after parturition were recorded in detail on 288 White Duroc × Erhualian intercross F₂ sows over their three continuous farrowings. In the F₂ population 12.8% gilts showed maternal infanticide in their first litter, while the incidences of maternal infanticide at their second and third farrowing reduced to 7.5% and 4.5%, respectively. All F₂ sows were genotyped for 194 microsatellite markers spanning the whole pig genome. A whole genome linkage analysis was performed using the non-parametric linkage test by SimWalk2 software. The results identified that seven chromosome regions on SSC2, SSC6, SSC14, SSC15 and SSCX were significantly linked with maternal infanticide (P < 0.05). The quantitative trait loci (QTL) on SSC2 and SSCX achieved P < 0.01 significance level. The most promising QTLs, however, were detected on X chromosome where three peaks of negative logarithm of P-value located at marker SW980, SW2456 and SW1608. QTLs on SSC2 and SSCX from this experiment were consistent with published results from the Western commercial lines. Edited by Stephen Maxson.     

Predicting RNA secondary structure based on the class information and Hopfield network

One of the models for RNA secondary structure prediction is to view it as maximum independent set problem, which can be approximately solved by Hopfield network. However, when predicting native molecules, the model is not always accurate and the heuristic method of Hopfield network is not always stable. It is because that the class information is lost and the accuracy is not determined by the number of base pairs only. Secondary structures of non-coding RNAs are believed conservative on the same class. However, software and web servers nowadays for RNA secondary structure prediction do not consider the class information. In this paper, we involve class information in the initialization of Hopfield network. When the initialization is improved, the promising experimental result shows the efficacy and superiority of our proposed methods.