免疫抑制剂在异体造血干细胞移植中的应用

异体造血干细胞移植的重要并发症是移植物抗宿主病(GVHD),免疫抑制剂是有效防治GVHD的一类药物.在异体造血干细胞移植后应用免疫抑制剂,使得GVHD发生率下降,严重程度减轻.本文对几类主要的免疫抑制剂的作用机理以及在异体造血干细胞移植中作为预防和治疗GVHD的应用作一综述.     

湿润烧伤膏治疗外伤性末节指(趾)骨外露体会

目的：探讨MEBO治疗骨外露的临床疗效。方法：对2005年10月至2006年2月处置外伤性指（趾）骨外露3例采用MEBO治疗。结果：3例创面全部愈合,时间均为3周。结论：MEBO治疗外伤性末节指（趾）骨外露简便,实用,疗效可靠,不影响美观。     

常见阴离子对血清氯离子选择性电极法测定的影响

目的:研究离子选择性电极在测定血清氯时的影响因素。方法:用E-555电解质分析仪测定氟化钠、溴化钠、碳酸氢钠、硫氰化钾、碘化钾、铁氰化钾、硫化钠以及叠氮钠溶液,并将溴化钠、硫氰化钾、碘化钾、铁氰化钾、硫化钠、叠氮钠分别加入Cl~-均值为100mmol/L的混合血清中观察其具体的干扰情况。结果:所测8种物质中氟化钠、碳酸氢钠的影响较小,而溴化钠、铁氰化钾、碘化钾、铁氰化钾、硫化钠、叠氮钠的影响较大。结论:溴离子、碘离子、硫离子、氢氰根离子、叠氮钠对离子选择性电极法影响性较大,我们在工作中应加以重视。     

CT MRI及PET对肝脏微小占位性病变的诊断价值

肝脏占位性病变的诊断和鉴别诊断一直是研究的重点，这些占位性病变包括原发性肝癌（以下简称肝癌）、转移性肝癌、肝血管瘤、局灶性结节增生、腺瘤以及肝囊肿等。包括CT、MRI及PET或PET／CT（正电子发射计算机断层显像／X线计算机体层成像）在内的影像学检查是较为重要的检查手段，能检查出大部分肝脏占位性病变，但对于直径〈3cm的微小占位病变，由于其功能及组织结构的特殊性，往往在诊断或鉴别诊断上仍存在较大的困难。     

Simple measurement of spinal cord evoked potential: a valuable data source in the rat spinal cord injury model.

Measurement of spinal cord evoked potentials (SCEPs) is proposed as a means of predicting locomotion outcome in the rat spinal cord injury (SCI) model. Using 55 rats, three reproducible peak waves (waves I, II and III) were observed during stimulation at the C7 level with recording at the L1 epidural space. Hemisection at the T13 level showed three wave loss patterns: wave III loss only, loss of both wave II and III, and loss of all three waves. Defining an ideal SCI model as establishment of stable monoparesis or paraparesis, all animals in the wave II-III loss group showed favorable results. Histological data and electrophysiological properties allowed reasonable assumptions of wave origin: wave I from extrapyramidal tracts, wave II from the ventral corticospinal tract, and wave III from the dorsal corticospinal tract. Complete destruction of pyramidal tracts in both dorsal and ventral fibers was essential for long-term impairment of locomotion.     

帕金森病交感神经皮肤反应的临床研究

Objective To assess the value of detecting sympathetic skin response (SSR) in the diagnosis of autonomic dysfunction in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Methods SSR measurement was performed in 47 PD patients and 20 healthy control subjects and the results were compared. The SSR was also comparatively analyzed between patients with and those without autonomic dysfimction. Results Compared with the healthy controls, the PD patients showed significantly lowered mean amplitude (2.56±1.47 vs 1.87±0.26, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (1.42±0.29 vs 1.55± 0.18, P<0.05) of the SSR in the upper limbs, with also lowered mean amplitude (0.76±0.39 vs 0.49±0.21, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (2.04±0.27 vs 2.13±0.16, P<0.05) in the lower limbs. Compared with the PD patients without autonomic dysfunction, those having autonomic dysfunction showed significantly lowered mean amplitude (1.89±0.33 vs 1.75±0.21, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (1.53±0.15 vs 1.56±0.17, P<0.05) of SSR in the upper limbs and lowered mean amplitude (0.51±0.17 vs 0.46±0.20,P<0.05) and prolonged latency (2.08±0.24 vs 2.17±0.18, P<0.05) in the lower limbs. Conclusion The results of SSR measurements are consistent with the clinical manifestations of the PD patients. SSR can be of value in the diagnosis of autonomic nerve dysfunction in PD.     

Adenovirus-mediated human β-nerve growth factor gene transfer has a protective effect on cochlear spiral ganglion after blast exposure

Objective：To study whether adenovirus-mediated human β-nerve growth factor （Ad-hNGFβ） gene has any protective effect on blast hearing impairment. Methods：Deafness was induced by blast exposure （172.0 dB） in 30 healthy guinea pigs. On day 7 of blast exposure, Ad-hNGFβ was infused into the perilymphatic space of 20 animals as the study group （hNGFβ group）, and artificial perilymph fluid （APF） was infused into the perilymphatic space of the other 10 animals as the control group. At weeks 1, 4 and 8 after blast exposure, the animals were sacrificed and the cochleae were removed for immunohistochemical and HE stainings. Results： Expression of Ad-hNGFβ protein was detected in each turn of the cochlea at the 1st week, with almost equal intensity in all turns. At the 4th week, the reactive intensity of the expression of Ad-hNGFβ protein decreased. At the 8th week, no expression was detectable. The results of HE staining showed that the amount of spiral ganglions in hNGFβ group was significantly greater than that of the control group at week 4 （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Ad-hNGFβ can be expressed at a high level and for a relatively long period in the blast impaired cochlea, suggesting that Ad-hNGFβ has a protective effect on cochlear spiral ganglion cells after blast exposure and the efficient gene transfer into cochlea had been achieved without toxicity.     

重度失水所致应激性高血糖症

本文报道2例肠梗阻和1例有机磷农药中毒患者出现暂时性高血糖症。该3例患者均无糖尿病史,因有重度失水,经大量补液纠正失水后血糖迅速恢复正常。口服葡萄糖耐量试验正常。作者认为非糖尿病患者可因重度失水而致应激性高血糖症。     

Excretion of 1,2,4-benzenetriol in the urine of workers exposed to benzene

Urine samples were collected from 152 workers (64 men, 88 women) who had been exposed to benzene, 53 workers (men only) exposed to a mixture of benzene and toluene, and 213 non-exposed controls (113 men, 100 women). The samples were analysed for 1,2,4-benzentriol (a minor metabolite of benzene) by high performance liquid chromatography. The time weighted average solvent exposure of each worker was monitored by diffusive sampling technique. The urinary concentration of 1,2,4-benzentriol related linearly to the intensity of exposure to benzene both in men and women among workers exposed to benzene, and was suppressed by toluene co-exposure among male workers exposed to a mixture of benzene and toluene. A cross sectional balance study in men at the end of the shift of a workday showed that only 0.47% of benzene absorbed will be excreted into urine as 1,2,4-benzenetriol, in close agreement with previous results in rabbits fed benzene. The concentration of 1,2,4-benzenetriol in urine was more closely related to the concentration of quinol than that of catechol. The fact that phenol and quinol, but not catechol, are precursors of 1,2,4-benzentriol in urine was further confirmed by the intraperitoneal injection of the three phenolic compounds to rats followed by urine analysis for 1,2,4-benzenetriol.