Immunocytochemical and morphologic features of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the nasopharynx

Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the nasopharynx is not rare. It comprises 5% of all nasopharyngeal carcinomas. In this paper, specimens of 41 cases of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the nasopharynx were studied. The microscopic findings have the tendency to form glandular or duct-like structures, or a specific "cerebriform" appearance, AB-PAS stain was positive. In addition to the common features of adenocarcinoma (cancer cells vary in size, with large, round central nuclei, enlarged conspicuous nucleoli), a specific feature that the nuclei of cancer cells were 1-2 times larger than those of normal cells was seen in smear. Electron microscopic observation revealed that the cytoplasm of the cancer cells contained numerous mitochondria, RER, developed Golgi apparatus and some secretory granules. Immunocytochemical studies proved that it was moderately positive for immunostain of low molecular weight keratin protein (K10,11), but was negative for keratin (K) it is different from poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and vesicular nuclear cell carcinoma, of which were strongly positive or partially positive for keratin. The main points of differential diagnosis for these carcinomas are elucidated.     

An AscI boundary library for the studies of genetic and epigenetic alterations in CpG islands

Knudson's two-hit hypothesis postulates that genetic alterations in both alleles are required for the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes. Genetic alterations include small or large deletions and mutations. Over the past years, it has become clear that epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation are additional mechanisms for gene silencing. Restriction Landmark Genomic Scanning (RLGS) is a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis that assesses the methylation status of thousands of CpG islands. RLGS has been applied successfully to scan cancer genomes for aberrant DNA methylation patterns. So far, the majority of this work was done using NotI as the restriction landmark site. Here, we describe the development of RLGS using AscI as the restriction landmark site for genome-wide scans of cancer genomes. The availability of AscI as a restriction landmark for RLGS allows for scanning almost twice as many CpG islands in the human genome compared with using NotI only. We describe the development of an AscI-EcoRV boundary library that supports the cloning of novel methylated genes. Feasibility of this system is shown in three tumor types, medulloblastomas, lung cancers, and head and neck cancers. We report the cloning of 178 AscI RLGS fragments via two methods by use of this library.     

耳蜗的扫描电镜观察

为研究柯替氏器的超微结构,用豚鼠、猫及4个月胎儿的耳蜗,在扫描电镜下观察。柯替氏器呈螺旋梯状,围绕在蜗轴周围。蜗尖部的柯替氏器较宽,蜗底部的较窄,其上方的前庭膜由单层扁平上皮组成,上皮表面有微绒毛。紧贴表面的盖膜由原纤维组成。大多数原纤维平行排列,表面与边缘的原纤维多交织成网。柯替氏器中有3排外毛细胞与1排内毛细胞,二者之间有柱细胞头板,外毛细胞上的听毛排列成W形,内毛细胞上的听毛排列成弧形。此外,所有细胞表面均有微绒毛。在轻度噪音刺激后,听毛减少并紊乱,微绒毛也减少或消失。 4月胎儿的柯替氏器有3～4排外毛细胞,其表面为绒球状听毛,后来发育为W形排列。内毛细胞为1排,表面为束状的原始听毛,后变为弧形排列。本文还观察到断裂的柯替氏器中,暴露出外毛细胞的柱状胞体及底部的杯状支持结构。外毛细胞由外指细胞所肩托。外指细胞的指突与外毛细胞均倾斜排列,交错成一定角度。当暴露出外柱细胞时,其胞体上细下粗,表面有传入神经纤维。当外毛细胞、外柱细胞等掀向上方后,可见隧道中纵行的神经纤维束及其分支,即螺旋隧道束与放线隧道纤维,它们系橄榄耳蜗束的传出纤维。     

The UDP-galactose translocator gene is mapped to band Xp11.23-p11.22 containing the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome locus

We have cloned a segment of the human gene encoding UDP-galactose translocator by genetic complementation of its defective mutant in mouse FM3A cells. Chromosome mapping using fluorescentin situ hybridization revealed that the cloned gene hybridized to the Xp11.23-11.23 region of the X chromosome. This region is shared by the locus of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, an X-linked recessive immunodeficiency disorder, characterized by defective sugar chains on cell surface components. Genetic and phenotypic similarities suggest a possible link between UDP-galactose translocator and the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS).     

虚拟咬合运动初步仿真模拟的研究与实现

我们试验了利用VR技术进行虚拟咬合仿真制作的全部过程。首先,采用光学三维测量仪对上下颌石膏模型进行数字化,通过预处理获取有效的三角网格曲面模型;其次,对咬合运动模型进行合理的简化,分解为一系列的平移运动和旋转运动;通过动态刷新完成开闭口运动、侧移运动的计算机运动仿真,可视化地观察咬合运动;然后利用模型碰撞检测算法动态地计算咬合接触位,并详细地分析了咬合接触时的咬合点位置分布和咬合剖切面上的咬合点接触关系;最后讨论了目前虚拟咬合仿真存在的问题和今后研究的方向。     

The kinase haspin is required for mitotic histone H3 Thr 3 phosphorylation and normal metaphase chromosome alignment

Post-translational modifications of conserved N-terminal tail residues in histones regulate many aspects of chromosome activity. Thr 3 of histone H3 is highly conserved, but the significance of its phosphorylation is unclear, and the identity of the corresponding kinase unknown. Immunostaining with phospho-specific antibodies in mammalian cells reveals mitotic phosphorylation of H3 Thr 3 in prophase and its dephosphorylation during anaphase. Furthermore we find that haspin, a member of a distinctive group of protein kinases present in diverse eukaryotes, phosphorylates H3 at Thr 3 in vitro. Importantly, depletion of haspin by RNA interference reveals that this kinase is required for H3 Thr 3 phosphorylation in mitotic cells. In addition to its chromosomal association, haspin is found at the centrosomes and spindle during mitosis. Haspin RNA interference causes misalignment of metaphase chromosomes, and overexpression delays progression through early mitosis. This work reveals a new kinase involved in composing the histone code and adds haspin to the select group of kinases that integrate regulation of chromosome and spindle function during mitosis and meiosis.     

STAT3 couples with 14-3-3σ to regulate BCR signaling,B-cell differentiation,and IgE production

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Mutational analysis of the yeast multidrug resistance ABC transporter Pdr5p with altered drug specificity

Multidrug resistance ABC transporter Pdr5p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is particularly important due to its ability to export a wide range of unrelated substrates. To clarify its function, we generated Pdr5p mutants by random mutagenesis and screened for mutants with altered drug specificity in vivo by using 5 drug compounds. Nine point mutations that caused significant changes in drug specificity distributed throughout the length of Pdr5p, namely, in the extracellular, transmembrane or cytoplasmic regions of the transporter. We then investigated their effects upon drug resistance, using 36 chemically related or distinct substrates. From this study, overall geometry of the Pdr5p was suggested to contribute in acquiring the enormous range of drug specificity. Based on their ability to inhibit the growth of the mutant strains, the 36 tested drugs were classified into: drugs to which the mutants responded differently (Group 1), drugs to which all the mutants showed sensitivity (Group 2), and drugs to which all the mutants exhibited resistance (Group 3). The ability of the compounds to be partitioned to the plasma membrane seemed an important factor for recognition by Pdr5p.     

乳腺富糖原透明细胞癌2例报道及文献复习

目的 探讨乳腺富糖原透明细胞癌临床病理特点及鉴别诊断要点。方法 对2例乳腺富糖原透明细胞癌进行临床资料及光镜和免疫组化标记观察。结果 组织学特点：癌细胞为多边形或柱状，胞界清楚，胞质透明，呈实性巢状、片状排列，可有乳头形成。表现为导管内癌和浸润性癌结构。免疫组化染色显示：癌细胞呈上皮性免疫表型，CK(AE1)、CEA强阳性，不表达S-100蛋白、肌动蛋白。PAS染色阳性。结论 富含糖原透明细胞癌是上皮性特殊类型乳腺癌，其诊断主要依靠组织病理学和免疫组化标记。