脑膜癌25例临床分析

目的 探讨脑膜癌的临床、影像学及脑脊液特点.方法 回顾性分析25例脑膜癌患者的临床、影像学及实验室检查资料.结果 25例患者中,男14例,女11例.头痛19例,恶心呕吐15例,复视7例,视力下降6例,听力下降5例,癫痫8例,智能减退6例,小便障碍6例.所有患者均行腰椎穿刺检查,脑脊液白细胞升高21例,蛋白升高17例,葡萄糖降低17例.25例患者均行MRI检查,脑膜强化征15例,脊膜强化征6例,脊髓内病变7例.结论 脑膜癌是恶性肿瘤颅内转移的特殊形式,脑脊液细胞学检查是诊断金标准,影像学显示脑膜结节样或混合型强化是明确诊断的重要依据.     

透明质酸修饰的尿酸酶多囊脂质体的体外特性及药效学过程

目的 研究透明质酸修饰的尿酸酶(UC)多囊脂质体(uricase in hyaluronic acid-uricase multivesicular liposomes,UHMVLs)的体外特性及其在大鼠体内的药效学.方法 采用复乳法制备UHMVLs并测定包封率及理化特性.取12只健康雄性SD大鼠,模型组采用次黄嘌呤和氧嗪酸钾建立高尿酸血症大鼠模型(n=3),UHMVLs组(n=3)和UC组(n=3)分别于建模后尾静脉注射UHMVLs和游离UC,并以正常组(n=3)为对照,测定大鼠血清中尿酸水平.结果 UHMVLs的平均包封率为(62.48±3.87)％ (n=3).UHMVLs和UC最适温度均为40℃,最适pH值分别为8.0和8.5.在同一温度(20～70℃)和pH(6.5～9.5)条件下,UHMVLs中UC的活性均高于游离UC(P＜0.05).除1、36、48 h外,其余各时间点UHMVLs降低高尿酸血症大鼠模型血清中尿酸水平的效果均较游离UC更显著(P＜0.05).结论 在相同条件下,UHMVLs不仅能提高UC的活性,还可以增强UC的稳定性;UHMVLs在大鼠体内降低血尿酸水平的能力优于游离UC.     

Inhibiting effect of antisense hTRT on telomerase activity of human liver cancer cell line SMMC-7721

Objective: To induce changes in biological character of human liver cancer cell line SMMC-7721 by blocking the expression of telomerase genes hTRT and to explore its value in cancer gene therapy. Methods: The vehicle for eukaryotic expression of antisense hTRT was constructed and then transfected into SMMC-7721 cells. The effects of antisense hTRT gene on telomerase activity, cancer cell growth and malignant phenotypes were analyzed. Results: The obtained transfectants that could express antisense hTRT gene stably showed marked decrease in telomerase activity;the shortening of telomere was obvious; cells presented contact growth inhibition; in nude mice transplantation, the rate of tumor induction dramatically decreased. Conclusion : Antisense hTRT gene expression can significantly inhibit telomerase activity of cancer cells and decrease malignant phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, as a telomerase inhibitor, antisense hTRT gene may be a new pathway for cancer therapy.     

中国人群CCR5△32、CCR2-64I、SDF1-3’A基因多态性与HIV-1感染相关性的Meta分析

目的探讨中国人群CCR5△32、CCR2-64I、SDF1-3’A三种基因的多态性与HIV-1感染之间的关系。方法检索国内外有关中国人群CCR5△32、CCR2-64I、SDF1-3’A基因多态性与HIV感染相关性的病例对照研究文献并进行Meta分析。结果符合CCR5△32的研究共14个,累计HIV感染者病例1607例,正常对照组1632例。杂合子(wt/mt)、纯合子(mt/mt)和杂合子加纯合子(wt/mt+mt/mt)与野生基因型(wt/wt)相比合并的OR值(95%CI)分别为1.156(0.808,1.654)、0.997(0.198,5.022)、1.149(0.808,1.634)。符合CCR2-64I的研究共12个,累计HIV感染者病例1415例,正常对照组1239例。杂合子(wt/mt)、纯合子(mt/mt)和杂合子加纯合子(wt/mt+mt/mt)与野生基因型(wt/wt)相比合并的OR值(95%CI)分别为1.005(0.844,1.197)、1.191(0.808,1.754)、1.028(0.870,1.214)。符合SDFl-3’A的研究10个,累计HIV感染者病例1179例,正常对照组1003例。杂合子(wt/mt)、纯合子(mt/wt)和纯合子加杂合子(wt/mt+mt/mt)与野生基因型(wt/wt)相比合并的OR值(95%CI)分别为1.010(0.830,1.228)、1.188(0.860,1.643)、1.038(0.861,1.250)。结论中国人群CCR5△32、CCR2-64I、SDFl-3’A三种抗性基因与HIV-1感染之间无相关性,显示CCR5△32、CCR2-641、SDFl-3’A三种基因对中国人群HIV-1感染可能不具有保护作用,提示中国人群可能为易感人群。     

多种自身抗体联合检测对系统性红斑狼疮的诊断价值及意义

目的:通过对系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者的抗核抗体(ANA)、抗核抗体谱(ANAs)及抗双链DNA抗体(dsDNA)的检测,评价这些自身抗体对SLE的诊疗价值,为临床提供诊断、治疗的依据.方法:选择SLE组患者90例、疾病对照组患者74例和正常对照组患者53例,采用间接免疫荧光法测定ANA,免疫印迹法测定ANAs,放射免疫法测定抗ds-DNA,对所选患者血清标本进行检测,并对结果进行回顾性分析.结果:SLE患者的抗dsDNA、AnuA、抗Sm敏感性为41.1%、32.2%、22.2%,特异性均为97.3%,阳性似然比分别为15.22、11.93、8.22,三者联合检测敏感性达到62.2%,特异性达到90.5%.结论:抗dsDNA、AnuA、抗Sm是SLE的诊断性标记抗体,特异性高,但敏感性低,联合检测可以避免因单项检测出现的漏诊,提高对SLE诊断的敏感性和诊断效率.     

被误诊的莱姆病14例分析

目的：分析１４例莱姆病被误诊的原因。方法：免疫荧光试验、酶联免疫吸附试验、蛋白电泳足迹测定。结果：被误诊的１４例患者均以神经系统症状为首发,提示无发热、皮疹的最初表现,而反复出现神经系统损伤或潜伏期长,有明显的格林巴利综合症和面瘫病史,按神经系统疾病治疗或激素治疗无效,夜间蚁走样感觉明显,肌电图示神经原性损伤,脑脊液蛋白偏高,其余各项检查正常,应做莱姆病检查。合并格林巴利综合症的莱姆病患者,除用大剂量抗菌素外,还应以少量激素冲击治疗。结论：没有明显“三期”的莱姆病患者,症状与其他疾病很接近,易被误诊。     

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶A1298C多态性与胃癌易感性的关系

[目的]探讨亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因多态性与胃癌易感性的关系及与环境因素的交互作用。[方法]收集南京市原发性胃癌患者169例,采用1:1病例-对照研究方法随机选取非消化系统疾病、非肿瘤病人为对照,进行流行病学调查,取外周血,采用限制性片段长度多态性方法(PCR-RFLP)分析研究对象MTHFR1298位点的多态性,并分析MTHFR1298基因多态性与烟酒嗜好在胃癌发生中的交互作用。[结果]MTHFR1298C等位基因在病例组与对照组中的频率分别为21.6%和13.0%,差异具有显著性(χ2=8.693,P=0.003,OR=1.841,95%CI=1.223~2.772)。携带MTHFR1298A/C基因型者患胃癌危险性增高(χ2=10.994,P=0.001,OR=2.160,95%CI=1.365~3.419),携带A/C基因型同时又吸烟者患胃癌的危险性是A/A型不吸烟者的3.289倍(χ2=10.002,P=0.002,95%CI=1.573~6.880),携带A/C基因型不饮酒者患胃癌的危险性是携带A/A基因型不饮酒者的2.726倍(χ2=12.459,P<0.001,95%CI=1.562~4.758),同时携带A/C基因型、吸烟、饮酒者患胃癌的危险性是携带A/A基因型、不吸烟、不饮酒者的2.394倍(χ2=3.933,P=0.047,95%CI=1.010~5.672)。[结论]MTHFR1298A/C基因型可增加胃癌易感性,并与吸烟、饮酒间存在交互作用。     

三甲基氯化锡的毒性及危害研究进展

[目的]指出PVC制品是三甲基氯化锡(TMT)污染的主要途径。[方法]本文综述了三甲基氯化锡的毒性和危害,分析了国内中毒事件的原因。[结果]PVC制品中TMT对人体最大的威胁在于,既没有相应的卫生标准控制PVC制品中TMT的含量,也没有国标检测方法进行监测。[结论]有必要对常用食品级PVC制品进行TMT污染的区域调查,为国家卫生标准和检测标准的制定提供一定的参考依据。     

Attitudes Toward the Global Allocation of Chinese COVID-19 Vaccines: Cross-sectional Online Survey of Adults Living in China

BackgroundCOVID-19 vaccines are in short supply worldwide. China was among the first countries to pledge supplies of the COVID-19 vaccine as a global public product, and to date, the country has provided more than 600 million vaccines to more than 200 countries and regions with low COVID-19 vaccination rates. Understanding the public’s attitude in China toward the global distribution of COVID-19 vaccines could inform global and national decisions, policies, and debates.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the attitudes of adults living in China regarding the global allocation of COVID-19 vaccines developed in China and how these attitudes vary across provinces and by sociodemographic characteristics.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional online survey among adults registered with the survey company KuRunData. The survey asked participants 31 questions about their attitudes regarding the global allocation of COVID-19 vaccines developed in China. We disaggregated responses by province and sociodemographic characteristics. All analyses used survey sampling weights.ResultsA total of 10,000 participants completed the questionnaire. Participants generally favored providing COVID-19 vaccines to foreign countries before fulfilling domestic needs (75.6%, 95% CI 74.6%-76.5%). Women (3778/4921, 76.8%; odds ratio 1.18, 95% CI 1.07-1.32; P=.002) and those living in rural areas (3123/4065, 76.8%; odds ratio 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.27; P=.03) were especially likely to hold this opinion. Most respondents preferred providing financial support through international platforms rather than directly offering support to individual countries (72.1%, 95% CI 71%-73.1%), while for vaccine products they preferred direct provision to relevant countries instead of via a delivery platform such as COVAX (77.3%, 95% CI 76.3%-78.2%).ConclusionsAmong our survey sample, we found that adults are generally supportive of the international distribution of COVID-19 vaccines, which may encourage policy makers to support and implement the distribution of COVID-19 vaccines developed in China worldwide. Conducting similar surveys in other countries could help align policy makers’ actions on COVID-19 vaccine distribution with the preferences of their constituencies.