Longitudinal study of earthquake-related PTSD in a randomly selected community sample in north China

OBJECTIVE: This study longitudinally described rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in two groups with different levels of severity of exposure to an earthquake in North China. The effects of diagnostic criteria on the frequency of detected PTSD were also examined. METHOD: Subjects were randomly sampled in two villages at different distances from the earthquake epicenter. A total of 181 and 157 subjects were assessed at 3 months and 9 months after the earthquake, respectively, for PTSD by using both DSM-IV and DSM-III-R criteria. The brief version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment and three subscales of the SCL-90-R were also administered at both assessment points. RESULTS: The village with a higher level of initial exposure to the earthquake and a higher level of postearthquake support had a lower frequency of PTSD than the village with a lower level of initial exposure and less postearthquake support. The rate of onset of DSM-IV PTSD within 9 months for the two villages was 19.8% and 30.3%, respectively. In both villages, the rate of onset of earthquake-related PTSD within 9 months was 24.2% by using DSM-IV criteria and 41.4% by using DSM-III-R criteria. The introduction in DSM-IV of a criterion requiring clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning for a diagnosis of PTSD was a major contributor to the lower rate of DSM-IV PTSD. CONCLUSIONS: PTSD may be as prevalent and persistent in disaster victims in China as in those elsewhere. Prompt and effective postdisaster intervention could mitigate the impact of initial exposure and reduce the probability of PTSD occurrence. Caution should be used in comparing rates of postdisaster PTSD identified by using different diagnostic criteria.     

帕司烟肼介入凝胶体外抗结核活性及安全性研究

目的 观察帕司烟肼凝胶体外抗结核作用和支气管介入的安全性。方法 手工法、仪器法分别测定帕司烟肼及其凝胶的最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度及家兔经支气管介入的安全性试验。结果 帕司烟肼凝胶对H37Rv标准株、牛型结核分枝杆菌、草分枝杆菌MIC值分别为0．1、0，1、0．4mg／L，MBC值分别为0，2、0．2和1．6mg／L；帕司烟肼凝胶与帕司烟肼单体MIC、MBC值无显著差异；动物实验表明该药应用安全。结论 帕司烟肼凝胶具有与帕司烟肼单体相同的抗结核菌药效，卡波姆基质不影响帕司烟肼的抗菌活性；以卡波姆为基质的帕司烟肼凝胶应用安全。     

Population-based case-control study of CYP11A gene polymorphism and breast cancer risk.

The CYP11A gene encodes the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step for the biosynthesis of sex hormones. A pentanucleotide repeat [(TAAAA)n] polymorphism in the 5' of the CYP11A gene has been reported to be related to the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome, an inherited endocrine disorder characterized by hyperandrogenemia. We investigated the association of this polymorphism with breast cancer risk in a population-based case-control study conducted among Chinese women in Shanghai. Genotype assays were completed for 1015 incident breast cancer cases and 1082 community controls. Three common alleles with 4, 6, or 8 TAAAA repeats were identified in the study population. The frequency of the 8 repeat allele was more common in cases (12.6%) than controls (8.5%) (odds ratio = 1.6, 95% confidence interval = 1.3-1.9; P < 0.0001). Compared to subjects who did not carry this allele, adjusted odds ratios were 1.5 (95% confidence interval = 1.2-1.9) and 2.9 (1.3-6.7) (P for trend, <0.001), respectively, for those who carried one and two copies of this allele. This positive association was observed in both pre- and postmenopausal women and all strata defined by major breast cancer risk factors, including years of menstruation, body mass index, and waist-to-hip ratio. The results from this study indicate that the TAAAA repeat polymorphism near the promoter region of the CYP11A gene may be an important susceptibility factor for breast cancer risk.     

左主干狭窄的外科治疗

目的 探讨左主干狭窄（ＬＭＳ）≥５０％患者的外科治疗效果。方法 ４２例ＬＭＳ的患者接受了冠状动脉旁路移植术（ＣＡＢＧ）。平均年龄６８．７岁。ＬＭＳ介于５０％￣７５％者１６例,大于７５％者２６例,不稳定型心绞痛２９例。按ＣＣＳＳ标准心绞痛分级,Ⅰ级２例,Ⅱ级５例、Ⅲ级１７例,Ⅳ级１８例。左室射血分数小于５０％者２４例。结果 术前平均住院时间２．３ｄ人均移植血管３．３根,无手术死亡。术后所有患者心绞痛     

一种新的细胞凋亡相关基因——高同型半胱氨酸诱导基因HCY-2的功能初探

目的　探讨高同型半胱氨酸 (HCY)血症引起心血管病和出生性缺陷的作用机制。方法　采用诱导筛选方法克隆高同型半胱氨酸诱导基因 HCY- 2 ,以 Northern印迹分析检测 HCY- 2基因在大鼠不同组织中的表达 ,以免疫组化方法验证 HCY- 2蛋白在大鼠不同组织中的表达。结果　以诱导筛选方法从大鼠血管平滑肌细胞内克隆到一个新的全长 c DNA,即高同型半胱氨酸诱导基因 HCY- 2 ,它编码 142个氨基酸。Northern印迹分析和免疫组化检测表明 ,HCY- 2基因可在大鼠心、肾、脑、肝、肺等组织中广泛表达。在体外 ,将重组 HCY- 2基因转移至内皮细胞中 ,能够引起细胞凋亡和 DNA损伤 ;在体内 ,将 HCY- 2基因转移至鸡胚内 ,则诱发鸡胚细胞凋亡 ,并引起畸形。结论　 HCY- 2基因可能是一种新的凋亡基因 ,高同型半胱氨酸血症可能通过 HCY- 2基因诱发心血管病和出生性畸形。     

绝经后阴道出血患者诊断性刮宫前B超检测子宫内膜的价值

目的：评估绝经后阴道出血患者应用Ｂ超检测子宫内膜，以减少不必要的诊断性刮宫术（诊刮术）的价值。方法：对１９２例绝经后阴道出血患者，于诊刮术前行Ｂ超检查，测量子宫大小及子宫内膜厚度，然后进行分段诊刮术，标本送病理检查。结果：７７例内膜厚度≤４ｍｍ者中，７４例（９６．１％）子宫内膜属生理性改变，３例为内膜癌；１１５例子宫内膜厚度≥５ｍｍ者中，９２例（８０．０％）子宫内膜属病理性改变，其中５９例（５１．３％）为内膜癌。结论：高分辨阴道Ｂ超检测，可作为绝经后出血患者进行诊刮术前的一种筛选手段，当超声检测内膜厚度≤４ｍｍ时，可考虑避免诊刮术。     

Trace element levels in drinking water and cognitive function among elderly Chinese

The relation between trace element levels in drinking water and cognitive function was investigated in a population-based study of elderly residents (n = 1,016) in rural China in 1996-1997. Cognitive function was measured using a Chinese translation of the Community Screening Interview for Dementia. A mixed effects model was used to evaluate the effect of each of the elements on cognitive function while adjusting for age, sex, and educational level. Several of the elements examined had a significant effect on cognitive function when they were assessed in a univariate context. However, after adjustment for other elements, many of these results were not significant. There was a significant quadratic effect for calcium and a significant zinc-cadmium interaction. Cognitive function increased with calcium level up to a certain point and then decreased as calcium continued to increase. Zinc showed a positive relation with cognitive function at low cadmium levels but a negative relation at high levels.     

不同固定剂及固定时间对PCR扩增效果的影响

本研究选取五种不同固定液，分别按四种固定时间（12小时，24小时，48小时和72小时）对存在有HBVDNA的人肝癌组织进行固定，脱水包埋。然后提取组织DNA，观察不同固定液及固定时间对PCR扩增效果的影响。同时，还比较了从蜡块中制取PCR模板的四种方法。结果显示：新配中性缓冲甲醛液对组织DNA破坏较小，对PCR扩增效果影响亦较小且成本费用相对较低，固定时间最好不超过48小时。长期放置的用自来水配制的甲醛固定液对组织DNA破坏较大，DNA降解严重，直接影响PCR扩增效果。在用蜡块组织制备DNA模板上，传统酶消化，酚-氯仿抽提，酒精沉淀较为稳定，但所需组织相对较多。对小块组织，充分脱蜡，用双蒸水充分煮沸是制备PCR模板较简便的方法。根据本研究，笔者建议，在目前我国日常病理工作中，应重视对固定液的选择及固定时间的限制，以便能为进一步基因诊断提供先决条件。     

慢性鼻窦炎的定义及发病因素浅析

长期以来对于慢性鼻窦炎的定义一直缺乏统～认识，这阻碍了人们对其病因、病理生理学的深入研究。近年来，随着鼻科学及相关基础学科的发展，人们对慢性鼻窦炎的定义展开了广泛的讨论，同时认识到慢性易窦炎是多种因素相互影响、相互作用的结果，临床上针对这些环节进行综合治疗有助于提高疗效、减少复发。1慢性耳塞炎的定义定义慢性鼻窦炎的关键在于区分急性和慢性鼻窦炎。现代观点认为区别急性与慢性疾病应根据病理学表现而非严格的时间考虑[1]，故一些学者将慢性鼻窦炎定义为粘膜存在明显的、持续的、不可逆的损伤、通过保守治疗难以解决…