三维CT重建影像在胫骨平台骨折诊疗中的价值

目的探讨三维CT重建影像在胫骨平台骨折诊断和治疗中的价值。方法收集29例胫骨平台骨折患者的X线平片、CT扫描和三维CT重建影像检查资料，对照术中所见，分析、比较三维CT重建影像在临床诊断和治疗中的价值。结果X线平片与三维CT重建影像在确立诊断方面未见明显差异。但在分型和指导手术方面，三维CT重建影像则明显优于前者。结论三维CT重建影像能直观、立体地显示胫骨平台骨折的形态，有助于骨折的分型及术前的准备。     

手术后置管后装照射治疗原发性肝癌

目的：探讨手术后置管后装照射原发性肝癌的治疗效果。方法：自１９９８年１月至１９９８年１０月,将４０例行肝癌切除术的原发性肝癌患者随机分为放疗组和对照组,每组２０例。放疗组术中放置施源管（２～５根,平均３．８５根/人）;确定驻留点２～８个,平均３．７个/人;术后３～１４d行后装和射治疗;单次照射剂量５～１０Ｇy,平均８Ｇy;照射共６８次,平均３．４次/人;总剂量１０～４０Ｇy,平均３０Ｇy。对照组术后不放     

Interaction between cytochrome P-450 2E1 polymorphisms and environmental factors with risk of esophageal and stomach cancers in Chinese.

Because cytochrome P-450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is involved in metabolic activation of environmental chemical carcinogens, gene polymorphisms that alter its functions may be associated with cancer susceptibility. However, previous studies have revealed disconcordant results with regard to cancer risk. To investigate gene-environment interactions with the RsaI polymorphism of CYP2E1 in terms of risk of esophageal and stomach cancers, we conducted a case-control study with 93 esophageal and 98 stomach cancer cases and 196 population-based controls in a high-endemic area for these cancers of China. We assayed genomic DNA samples for RFLPs in the CYP2E1 by PCR amplification, followed by digestion with RsaI, and collected information on environmental factors by a questionnaire approach. Odds ratios were estimated with an unconditional logistic model, after adjustment for potential confounding factors. The proportional distribution of the homozygous common RsaI alleles did not differ between cancer cases of the esophagus (59.1%) and stomach (59.2%), and controls (61.7%). However, we found a significant positive interaction between the heterozygous and homozygous RsaI rare alleles and ever-smoking in the odds ratio for stomach cancer (P = 0.015). The interaction between the gene polymorphism and dietary factors, such as garlic consumption, was not observed in both cancer cases. These results suggest that gene-environment interactions between the CYP2E1 polymorphism and smoking may have the potential to alter the susceptibility for cancer development in the stomach.     

荧光素酶活体发光技术在肺癌分子影像学研究中的初步应用

目的 建立稳定表达荧光素酶报告基因的人肺癌细胞系,并将该肺癌细胞接种于严重联合免疫缺陷(SCID)小鼠的皮下,构建异种移植动物模型,为下一步进行肺癌进展、转移以及药物敏感性等相关的分子影像学研究奠定基础. 材料与方法 利用表达重组荧光素酶基因的慢病毒载体(Lenti-Luc)感染人肺癌细胞系NCI-H460,获得稳定表达荧光素酶基因的肺癌细胞,将该细胞接种于SCID小鼠的皮下.肿瘤细胞接种2周后,利用生物发光成像系统及MRI对肿瘤进行检测,确定肿瘤的大小和位置,并进行组织病理学检查验证. 结果 接种肺癌细胞的4只SCID小鼠中,均生长出肿瘤.生物发光检测和MRI的结果 相符,病理证实小鼠皮下肿块为癌组织. 结论 成功建立了稳定表达荧光素酶报告基因的肺癌细胞系及异种移植动物模型.荧光素酶活体发光是一种进行肿瘤分子影像学研究的重要手段.     

持续质量改进对腹膜透析患者贫血的影响

目的通过持续质量改进措施,纠正腹膜透析患者的贫血状态。方法运用PDCA四步法,即设计(plan)—实施(do)—检验(check)—应用(act),设计并实施改善患者贫血的治疗流程。结果141例腹膜透析患者参与了此项研究。Hb达到目标值的患者由59.5%增加到75.2%。口服铁元素的人均服用剂量没有明显变化,但应用静脉铁剂的人数由1例增加到8例,EPO的人均每周用量由79.33±39.37U/kg增长至95.55±40.28U/kg(P<0.01)。结论持续质量改进措施改善了CAPD患者的贫血状态。     

粪渣恶臭气体除臭系统的中试研究

为验证由生物氧化滤池、低温等离子体发生器和活性氧喷淋塔组成的除臭系统对恶臭的去除能力,以广州粪渣无害化处理厂粪车卸料池为臭气源,对其进行工业性试验。结果表明：在处理量为54～288m^3/h时,臭气中各种呈臭物质去除率均达95%以上;系统的除臭效率随着运行时间的增加而提高;系统对臭气负荷波动有相当好的适应性、稳定性和可靠性;系统中的低温等离子体发生器具有高效除臭作用。     

利胆软胶囊中β-谷甾醇的含量测定

本文报道采用薄层扫描法测定利胆软胶囊中β－谷甾醇的含量。按选定的色谱条件，β－谷甾醇在０．１７２￣０．５１６μｇ范围内线性良好，平均加样回收率为９８．７８％，变异系数为２．４７％。     

Primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the colon: Report of five cases

Primary adenosquamous cell carcinomas (Ad-SCCs) of the colon and rectum are rare malignancies with a poor prognosis, in comparison to adenocarcinoma alone. Different roles of human papilloma virus (HPV) in its pathogenesis have been reported and the role of P16 in Ad-SCCs has not been explored. This report presents five cases of Ad-SCC of the colon to explore the clinicopathological features and the roles of P16, HPV 6/11, and 16/18. There was no confirmed evidence to support the relationship between the infection of HPV 6/11, 16/18, and pathogenesis of Ad-SCC of the colon. P16 overexpression was not related to HPV carcinogenesis and there might be another mechanism of P16 upregulation in Ad-SCC of the colon.     

短节段Barrett食管的胃镜及病理资料分析

目的调查了解我国短节段Barrett食管(SSBE)的胃镜检出率,各类型SSBE的比率情况及与病理特征的关系。方法收集近4年第二附属医院确诊SSBE的胃镜及病理资料,统计SSBE的检出率,各型SSBE的比率,各型SSBE的病理结果的对比及合并症的发生率。结果胃镜检查7938例,SSBE40例,占所检患者的比率0.50%。各型SSBE中全周型4例(10%),岛型26例(65%),舌型10例(25%)。SSBE病理:胃底型14例(35%),贲门腺型8例(20%),特殊肠化生型18例(45%)。肠化检出率:全周型2例(50%),岛型12例(46.2%),舌型4例(40%)。合并症:返流性食管炎8例(20%),其中全周型2例(50%),岛型4例(15.4%),舌型2例(20%)。结论SSBE中岛型最多,全周型、岛型、舌型的病理类型相似,肠化检出率无明显差别。     

核因子-κB及ICAM-1 mRNA在变应性鼻炎鼻黏膜中的表达

目的:检测变应性鼻炎(AR)患者鼻黏膜细胞中NF-κB的活化及其对ICAM-1 mRNA表达量的影响.方法:选取AR患者32例(AR组),同时以单纯鼻中隔偏曲患者20例为对照组,采用免疫组织化学法检测2组患者的中鼻甲黏膜NF-κB亚单位p50、p65的表达情况,用RT-PCR法检测2组患者的中鼻甲黏膜ICAM-1mRNA的表达量.结果:NF-κB在AR组表达为阳性或强阳性,其中NF-κB p50主要表达于细胞质和细胞核;NF-κB p65主要表达于细胞质,细胞核表达较少.对照组鼻黏膜组织中NF-κB有微弱的表达.2组NF-κB p50、NF-κB p65表达的差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).RT-PCR显示:对照组中ICAM-1 mRNA表达微弱,AR组ICAM-1 mRNA表达较强,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).NF-κB p50、NF-κB p65的表达强度与ICAM-1 mRNA的表达强度均存在相关性(r=0.899 5,P＜0.01;r=0.7601,P＜0.01).结论:NF-κB在AR形成、发展中发挥重要作用.过度活化的NF-κB启动ICAM-1 mRNA的转录,上调黏附分子的表达.ICAM-1作为一种重要的炎性因子,与AR形成、发展有关.