益盖宁治疗骨质疏松症的疗效观察

目的：观察益盖宁对老年性和绝经后骨质疏松症患者的疗效。方法：48例患者益盖宁20Uim每周2次，加服碳酸钙每日750mg另48例患者单纯服用碳酸钙每日750mg作为对照。结果：益盖宁对患者疼痛和骨密度的改善作用优于对照组，能有效提高骨转换率，且益盖宁的副作用较轻。结论：益盖宁长期治疗可抑制骨吸收，提高骨密度，改善骨痛。     

TOLL样受体4对脂多糖致急性肺损伤大鼠炎症因子的影响

目的 探讨TOLL样受体4（TLR-4）表达对脂多糖诱导急性肺损伤（ALI）大鼠体内炎症因子的影响,明确阻断TLR-4表达对急性肺损伤的保护作用.方法 45只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为：正常对照组、ALI组和干预组,每组15只.ALI组和干预组采用静脉注射脂多糖（LPS）方法构建急性肺损伤模型,对照组注射等量的生理盐水.各组动物再按照观察时间点平均分为造模后6、12和24 h各3个亚组.测定各组肺组织TLR-4 mRNA表达以及支气管肺泡灌洗液中炎症因子浓度,观察各组大鼠肺组织的病理变化.结果 LPS可以导致肺泡腔内TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6浓度增加,阻断TLR-4受体会抑制炎症因子释放;ALI组的肺损伤评分高于干预组和正常对照组（3.3±1.1 vs.1.9±1.0 vs.1.2±0.9）.结论 阻断TLR-4表达能抑制脂多糖诱导ALI大鼠体内炎症因子分泌,减轻肺组织病理损害,能达到治疗ALI的作用.     

Developing Hybrid Machine Learning Models to Determine the Dynamic Modulus (E*) of Asphalt Mixtures Using Parameters in Witczak 1-40D Model: A Comparative Study

To characterize the dynamic modulus (E*) of the asphalt mixtures more accurately, a comparative study was shown in this paper, combining six ML models (BP, SVM, DT, RF, KNN, and LR) with the novelly developed MBAS (modified BAS, beetle antennae search) algorithm to check the potential to replace the empirical model. The hyperparameter tuning process of the six ML models by the proposed MBAS algorithm showed satisfactory results. The calculation and evaluation process demonstrated fast convergence and significantly lower values of RMSE for the five ML models (BP, SVM, DT, RF, and KNN) to determine the E* of the asphalt mixtures. Comparing the performances of the six ML models in the prediction of the E* by the statistical coefficients and Monte Carlo simulation, the RF model showed the highest accuracy, efficiency, and robustness.     

超声内镜诊断肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移

目的：探讨超声内镜（EUS）对肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移的诊断价值。方法：21例肺癌患者术前行EUS检查,分别统计EUS检出及手术切除的纵隔淋巴结个数;对EUS发现,手术切除并行病理检查的103枚淋巴结的声像图进行分析,寻找EUS下恶性淋巴结的特征及诊断方法。并与CT诊断的准确性比较。结果：EUS对第5、7、8、9组转移淋巴结的检出率高于非转移淋巴结（χ^2=11.752.P=0.01),EUS发现的恶性淋巴结较良性淋巴结大（二者短径相比：t=4541,P=0.000,长径相比：t=3.278,P=0.002),恶性淋巴结的特征有：短径≥1．0cm,长径≥1．5cm,边界清楚,应用公式：P（1）＝1／[1 e-(-2.963 2.041 x1 1.681 x2)],以P（1）≥0．5作为恶性淋巴结诊断标准,其准确率,灵敏度,特异度分别为72．8％,72．7％,72．9％;EUS对第5、7、8、9组纵隔淋巴结诊断的准确性高于CT（χ^2=6.812,P=0.013),以病理检查结果为金标准,EUS诊断肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移的准确率,灵敏度,特异度分别为83．9％,80．0％,87．5％（χ^2=21.218,P=0.000)。结论：EUS可以帮助诊断肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移。     

掺钕钇铝石榴石激光治疗人工晶状体眼晶状体后囊膜混浊的视功能评价方法

目的探讨对比敏感度和眩光敏感度检查在晶状体后囊膜混浊(posterior capsule opacification, PCO)患者视功能评价中的意义,为掺钕钇铝石榴石(neodymium-yttrium aluminum garnet,NdYAG)激光治疗晶状体PCO提供视功能评价方法.方法对67例(73只眼)超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入术后晶状体PCO患者行NdYAG激光晶状体后囊膜切开术,分别于手术前、后进行视力、对比敏感度和眩光敏感度检查,并加以分析.NdYAG激光晶状体后囊膜切开术采用环形切开向后翻转法,晶状体后囊膜瓣直径为5 mm,平均单次脉冲能量为(2.93±0.63) mJ,平均脉冲次数为(19.09±8.63)次,平均总能量为(57.47±36.05) mJ.术后平均随访时间(14±6)个月.结果术后视力、对比敏感度和眩光敏感度均较术前明显提高,差异有非常显著意义(P＜0.01).术前矫正视力≥0.8的16只眼手术前、后最佳矫正视力比较,差异无显著意义(P＞0.05);不同视角的对比敏感度和眩光敏感度比较,差异均有显著意义(P＜0.05).术前不同视力患者各频段的对比敏感度比较,差异均无显著意义(P＞0.05).术前不同视力患者低频段和中频段眩光敏感度间差异有显著意义(P＜0.05),高频段眩光敏感度间差异无显著意义(P＞0.05).术前晶状体后囊膜2级混浊者不同频段的平均对比敏感度和眩光敏感度与1级混浊者比较,差异均有显著意义(P＜0.05).NdYAG激光晶状体后囊膜切开术中人工晶状体出现激光损伤斑者5只眼(6.8%),术后无高眼压、黄斑囊样水肿、视网膜脱离和人工晶状体移位等并发症发生.结论对比敏感度和眩光敏感度检查可灵敏、全面反映晶状体PCO患者的视功能状态,可成为确定NdYAG激光晶状体后囊膜切开术手术时机和评价手术疗效的方法.     

Estrogen increases the number of spinophilin-immunoreactive spines in the hippocampus of young and aged female rhesus monkeys

It is well documented that estrogen increases dendritic spine density in CA1 pyramidal cells of young female rats. However, this effect is attenuated in aged rats. We report here a quantitative analysis of estrogen effects on hippocampal spine number as visualized with antispinophilin in young (6-8 years old) and aged (19-23 years old) female rhesus monkeys, a species with a pattern of female endocrine senescence comparable to that of humans. Monkeys were ovariectomized and administered either vehicle or estradiol cypionate 3 months postovariectomy, followed by an additional dose 3 weeks later, with perfusion 24 hours after the last estrogen treatment. Immunolocalization of spinophilin, a spine-associated protein, was used for quantitative stereologic analyses of total spinophilin-immunoreactive spine numbers in CA1 stratum radiatum and the inner and outer molecular layers of dentate gyrus. In both young and aged female monkeys, the estrogen-treated groups had an increase in spinophilin-immunoreactive spines (37% in young, P <.005; 35% in aged, P <.05) compared with the untreated groups that amounted to more than 1 billion additional immunoreactive spines. The young group also showed a trend toward an estrogen-induced increase in immunoreactive spines in the dentate gyrus outer molecular layer, but this effect was not statistically significant (P =.097). We conclude that spine number in the rhesus monkey hippocampus is highly responsive to estrogen, yet, unlike the female rat, aged female rhesus monkeys retain the capacity for spine induction in response to estrogen. These data have important implications for cognitive effects of estrogen replacement in postmenopausal women and demonstrate that an estrogen replacement protocol that mimics normal physiological cycles with timed, intermittent peaks can have profound neurobiological effects.     

OX40及Bcl-2在变应性鼻炎中的表达

目的:探讨OX40及Bcl-2在变应性鼻炎(AR)发病机制中的可能作用。方法:取23例AR患者(AR组)和20例单纯鼻中隔偏曲患者(对照组)为研究对象,应用免疫组织化学技术分别检测OX40及Bcl-2的表达,并分析OX40与Bcl-2表达的相关性。结果:在AR患者鼻黏膜中,OX40及Bcl-2的表达都显著上调,除CD4 T细胞外,均在鼻黏膜上皮细胞、腺体细胞、血管内皮细胞呈显著性表达(均P<0.01)。平均吸收度值(A值)OX40为0.239 4±0.033 5,Bcl-2为0.237 3±0.042 1,与对照组相比,均P<0.01。AR患者鼻黏膜中OX40与Bcl-2的表达呈正相关(r=0.869 0,P<0.05)。结论:AR患者存在OX40共刺激分子的异常表达,Bcl-2在鼻黏膜组织中表达异常增高。     

合肥市社区居民卫生服务需要与利用分析

目的:了解合肥市社区居民卫生服务需要及利用状况。方法:在合肥市社区卫生服务(CHS)覆盖范围内,随机选择1567户的4199名居民作为研究对象,用统一的调查表进行调查询问。结果:调查人群的两周患病率为8.0%;两周就诊率为7.9%;年住院率为7.3%;年急诊率为2.8%。居民选择社区卫生机构就诊的比例为51.2%,而选择在省、市级卫生机构住院的比例高达79.8%。结论:合肥市社区居民卫生服务需要较高,但是卫生服务资源利用不合理,CHS机构的服务能力有待加强。