无症状脑梗死的临床分析

目的探讨无症状脑梗死(silent brain infarct,SBI)的CT及MRI和全脑血管造影(DSA)表现特点及危险因素.方法回顾性分析160例脑卒中患者的临床资料,根据无症状脑梗死的定义分SBI和非SBI两组,对两组的年龄、发病率、临床表现、影像学特征和危险因素进行统计分析.结果SBI的发病率为45%(72/160),其中基底节区、放射冠、额叶及顶叶、颞叶为好发部位;SBI危险因素是高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病和心脏病;颅内血管狭窄程度与SBI的发生率基本相当,而其形态异常却与SBI的发生有关(P＜0.05).结论MRI是确诊SBI重要条件之一;DSA能显示颅内血管;积极有效地干预其危险因素,可以最大程度预防无症状性脑梗死的发生,提高生活质量和健康水平.     

中国10省(市)流感成年人住院病例的临床特征及重症危险因素分析

目的 了解中国10省(市)严重急性呼吸道感染(SARI)住院病例哨点监测纳入的流感成年人住院病例的临床特征及重症危险因素。方法 对2009年12月至2014年6月中国10省(市)SARI哨点监测医院纳入的符合SARI定义的≥15岁病例进行流行病学和临床信息调查,采集呼吸道标本进行流感病毒核酸检测。按检测结果将病例分为流感住院组和非流感住院组,分析两组人口统计学信息、临床和流行病学特征,并分析重症危险因素。结果 10家哨点医院共纳入3 071例SARI成年人病例,其中实验室确诊240例(7.8%),以A(H1N1)pdm2009和A(H3N2)亚型流感病毒为主。病例年龄M为63岁,≥65岁老年人占47.1%。144例(60.0%)患有至少1种慢性基础性疾病,流感病例肺气肿比例(7.9%)高于非流感病例(3.8%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=3.963,P=0.047)。19.4%的流感育龄妇女为孕妇,240例流感病例中仅有1.1%在过去一年接种过流感疫苗。流感住院病例中咽痛、呼吸困难所占比例高于非流感住院病例。17.5%的流感病例收入重症监护室治疗,与非流感住院病例间的差异无统计学意义(P=0.160)。23.1%的流感病例在发病后使用了抗病毒药物治疗,高于非流感住院组(4.8%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。流感住院病例中41.5%出现并发症,病毒性肺炎比例明显高于非流感组(P<0.001)。危险因素分析显示,发病入院时间>7 d(RR=1.673,95%CI:1.071～2.614)、患有哮喘(RR=15.200,95%CI:1.157～199.633)、免疫抑制疾病(RR=5.250,95%CI:1.255～21.960)、怀孕(RR=21.000,95%CI:1.734～254.275)是流感重症的危险因素。结论 成年人流感住院病例主要集中在≥65岁组,流感疫苗接种率极低、抗病毒药物使用不足,应推荐孕妇、老年人、慢性病病例等高危人群每年进行流感疫苗预防接种,流感住院病例应及早应用抗病毒药物。     

Expression of the EphA1 protein is associated with Fuhrman nuclear grade in clear cell renal cell carcinomas

Aberrant expression of receptor tyrosine kinase EphA1 in malignant tissues has been reported. However, the expression profile of EphA1 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and its association with clinicopathological parameters remain unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the cancerous value of the EphA1 protein expression in patients with renal cell carcinomas. This study included 144 patients with clear cell RCC (ccRCC), 18 patients with chromophobe RCC and 6 patients with papillary RCC. The EphA1 protein was detected in RCC tissue samples by an immunohistochemical staining with a specific polycolonal antibody. The correlation of the expression of the EphA1 protein with clinicopathological parameters was evaluated. High level of the expression of EphA1 was observed in all normal renal tubes. The EphA1 protein was negatively or weakly expressed in 93 out of 144 ccRCC (64.6%) and positively expressed in 51 out of 144 ccRCC (35.4%). The high level expression of the EphA1 protein was significantly associated with younger patients (P<0.001), sex (P=0.016) and lower nuclear grade (P<0.001). No significant relation between the expression of EphA1 and tumor diameter was found (P=0.316). Positive expression of EphA1 was observed in all samples of chromophobe RCC and papillary RCC. Our data indicated that the EphA1 protein may be a new marker for the prognosis of ccRCC.     

滋阴补肾法治疗系统性红斑狼疮的临床疗效评价

目的:观察补肾中药联合西药治疗肾阴虚证型系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)的临床疗效及安全性。方法:62例符合纳入标准的SLE患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组给予滋阴补肾中药联合西药治疗,对照组仅采用西药治疗,疗程为24周。治疗前后对两组患者的临床疗效进行评估,同时观察肾阴虚证候积分、SLEDAI评分变化,如实记录药物不良反应、糖皮质激素的撤减和反跳现象,以及患者血脂、血糖等变化情况。结果:治疗前后比较,两组患者肾阴虚证候积分、SLEDAI评分均有显著改善(P<0.05);治疗后各项指标治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05);临床疗效评定有效率治疗组为90.32%,对照组为67.74%,两组有显著差异(P<0.05)。治疗后治疗组患者体质量指数、血糖、血脂变化较小,其药物不良反应的发生较对照组明显较少,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。治疗组激素撤减明显较快,反跳现象少,优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:补肾法联合西药治疗SLE具协同作用,能增加临床疗效,减少西药不良反应。     

Quercetin Prevents In Vivo and In Vitro Myocardial Hypertrophy Through the Proteasome-GSK-3 Pathway

Purpose

Quercetin, a flavonoid, has been reported to ameliorate cardiovascular diseases, such as cardiac hypertrophy. However, the mechanism is not completely understood. In this study, a mechanism related to proteasome-glycogen synthesis kinase 3 (GSK-3) was elucidated in rats and primary neonatal cardiomyocytes.

Methods

Rats were subjected to sham or constriction of abdominal aorta surgery groups and treated with or without quercetin for 8 weeks. Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced primary cardiomyocytes were cultured with quercetin treatment or not for 48 h. Echocardiography, real-time RT-PCR, histology, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting were conducted. Proteasome activities were also detected using a fluorescent peptide substrate.

Results

Echocardiography showed that quercetin prevented constriction of abdominal aorta-induced cardiac hypertrophy and improved the cardiac diastolic function. In addition, quercetin also significantly reduced the Ang II-induced hypertrophic surface area and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) mRNA level in primary cardiomyocytes. Proteasome activities were obviously inhibited in the quercetin-treated group both in vivo and in vitro. Quercetin also decreased the levels of proteasome subunit beta type (PSMB) 1, PSMB2, and PSMB5 of the 20S proteasome as well as the levels of proteasome regulatory particle (Rpt) 1 and Rpt4 of the 19S proteasome. In particular, the PSMB5 level in the nucleus was reduced after quercetin treatment. Furthermore, phosphorylated GSK-3α/β (inactivation of GSK-3) was decreased, which means that GSK-3 activity was increased. The phosphorylation levels of upstream AKT (PKB (protein kinase B)) and liver kinase B1/AMP activated protein kinase (LKB1/AMPKα) and those of downstream extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), histone H3, β-catenin, and GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4) were reduced after quercetin treatment, while hypertrophy was reversed after treatment with the GSK-3 inhibitor.

Conclusion

In summary, quercetin prevents cardiac hypertrophy, which is related to proteasome inhibition and activation of GSK-3α/β. Upstream (AKT, LKB1/AMPKα) and downstream hypertrophic factors, such as ERK, histone H3, β-catenin, and GATA4, may also be involved.

     

乳腺癌外周血细胞角蛋白19 mRNA的检测及临床价值

目的应用荧光定量RT-PCR检测乳腺癌外周血中的表达情况,并评价其表达的临床意义。方法用荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测49例乳腺癌患者外周血CK19mRNA表达。结果49例乳腺癌患者外周血中CK19mRNA检测阳性28例,阳性率57.1%,统计结果显示乳腺癌患者外周血CK19mRNA的表达阳性率在患者不同年龄、病理类别、临床分期、ER、PR状态的各组差异无显著性(P>0.05),在淋巴结转移状态间有显著差异。结论CK19mRNA可作为RT-PCR法检测乳腺癌患者外周血微转移的分子标志物,有助于早期预测乳腺癌发生血道微转移,指导临床治疗。     

食管异物合并严重并发症的临床治疗分析

目的 探讨食管异物合并严重并发症的治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心耳鼻咽喉头颈外科2014年7月-2018年7月收治的23例合并食管穿孔、颈胸部感染等严重并发症的食管异物患者的临床资料,其中男11例、女12例,年龄2~87岁,病程2～11 d。术前CT扫描评估异物位置、食管损伤及周围炎症情况,其中异物位于第一狭窄16例、第二狭窄4例、第三狭窄1例及第四狭窄2例,合并食管穿孔23例、食管周围炎17例、食管周围脓肿3例、颈部脓肿2例、纵隔脓肿1例。23例中,行经硬性食管镜异物取出术17例、颈侧切开探查异物取出术5例、开胸探查异物取出术1例,围手术期配合胃肠减压、抗感染、营养支持等综合措施治疗。术后根据Stooler分级标准评价食管损伤后食管狭窄程度。结果 本组23例均顺利完成手术;经手术及围手术期综合治疗,均顺利拔除鼻饲管,行颈侧切开和开胸探查的患者均顺利拔除伤口引流管,均痊愈出院。1例患者于术后1个月并发颈段食管狭窄Ⅱ级,行食管扩张治疗后恢复正常。患者出院后随访3～5个月,23例均正常进食普通饮食,标准食管狭窄程度Stooler分级均为0级。结论 伴有严重并发症的食管异物应依据异物嵌顿部位及患者临床表现采取不同的手术方法取出异物,同时给予围手术期胃肠减压、抗感染、营养支持等综合治疗措施,多学科联合施救是挽救患者生命的重要举措。     

两例2p15-p16.1微缺失综合征的产前诊断

目的明确2例畸形流产患儿染色体拷贝数变异,分析引起2p15-p16.1缺失综合征畸形表型的相关基因以及关键区域。方法应用染色体微阵列分析(chromosomal microarray analysis,CMA)技术对畸形流产儿全基因组拷贝数目进行检测,并用计算机软件及生物信息学方法进行分析。结果CMA检测到2例患儿的染色体2p15-16.1区段有约255 kb的DNA拷贝数变异,2例患儿表型符合2p15-p16.1微缺失综合征遗传特征,缺失区域包含XPO1和USP34基因。结论2pl5近端73 kb的片段(chr2:61659957〜61733075,hg19)可能是引起2p15-p16.1微缺失综合征畸形表型的关键区域之一,XPO1和USP34为该缺失综合征的候选基因。     

过表达胶质细胞神经营养因子基因转染骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤

文题释义： 胶质细胞源性神经营养因子：作为轴突再生的一种重要神经营养因子,可诱导间充质干细胞向神经样细胞分化并对中枢神经系统退行性疾病、脊髓损伤后神经功能恢复起到重要作用。 突触素：作为突触的特异性蛋白是突触形成过程中最重要的标志物,主要位于神经元胞体及轴突,可调节神经元轴突延伸,参与突触囊泡的介导转运、神经递质释放,对促进脊髓损伤后神经功能恢复起到重要作用。 背景：胶质细胞神经营养因子(glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor,GDNF)在诱导骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)体外定向分化及促进脊髓损伤大鼠神经功能恢复过程中起到重要作用。 目的：观察过表达GDNF基因的BMSCs分化情况及其促进脊髓损伤大鼠神经功能恢复的潜在分子机制。 方法：①以重组目的基因腺病毒转染BMSCs并分为Ad-GDNF-GFP转染组、Ad-GFP转染组、未转染组,免疫荧光鉴定各组细胞神经元特异性烯醇化酶及微管相关蛋白2的表达,Western blot检测各组细胞GDNF、Wnt3a、Wnt7a蛋白表达。②以改良Allen法制备大鼠脊髓损伤模型,将造模成功的45只SD大鼠随机分为3组,分别以过表达GDNF基因BMSCs(GDNF-BMSCs)、BMSCs、PBS移植至脊髓损伤局部。移植后4周采用BBB评分法评估大鼠运动功能恢复情况,苏木精-伊红染色观察脊髓形态变化,免疫组化检测损伤局部神经元特异性烯醇化酶、突触素Ⅰ及胶质纤维酸性蛋白表达,Western blot检测损伤局部Bcl-2、肿瘤坏死因子α蛋白表达。 结果与结论：①Ad-GDNF-GFP转染组BMSCs可向神经元样细胞形态转变并表达神经元特异性烯醇化酶、微管相关蛋白2;Wnt3a、Wnt7a蛋白表达量显著高于Ad-GFP转染组、未转染组;②移植后4周,GDNF-BMSCs移植组大鼠BBB评分明显提高、脊髓空洞面积显著缩小。GDNF-BMSCs移植组脊髓损伤局部胶质纤维酸性蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子α表达量显著低于BMSCs移植组及PBS移植组,而神经元特异性烯醇化酶、突触素Ⅰ及Bcl-2表达量显著高于BMSCs移植组、PBS移植组;③结果表明,Wnt信号通路参与过表达GDNF基因 BMSCs向成熟神经元分化过程,移植后通过降低脊髓损伤局部炎症反应、减少细胞凋亡及胶质瘢痕形成、促进轴突再生,提高BMSCs移植治疗脊髓损伤的疗效。 ORCID: 0000-0001-6467-730X(黄成) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

XE-2100血液分析仪常用参数稳定性研究

目的　对XE-2100血液分析仪常用参数进行稳定性观察和评估。方法　所有EDTA- K2 抗凝标本的进样均采用开放模式,分别进行短时间(1h内)稳定性和长时间(72h)不同时段不同放置温度的稳定性考查。结果　所有参数,包括自动化白细胞(WBC)五分类,均在60min内保持稳定并未出现显著的变化;长时间稳定性的研究显示无论在冷藏条件还是在室温条件下,WBC、血小板(PLT)、血红蛋白(HGB)和红细胞(RBC)及分类参数在72h内未发生显著变化;WBC分类结果的稳定性优于RBC体积参数的稳定性。RBC体积参数的稳定性在室温条件下12h开始发生体积增大变化, 24h发生显著变化,而冷藏条件下可保持24h。结论　XE-2100血液分析仪短时间结果稳定。长时间稳定性研究显示在自动分类参数方面3d内具有良好的稳定性。RBC分类的稳定性优于RBC检测的稳定性。