Immunotherapy Use Prior to Liver Transplant in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and its incidence has increased rapidly in the United States over the past two decades. Liver transplant is considered curative, but is not always possible, and pre-transplant immunotherapy is of great interest as a modality for downstaging the tumor burden. We present a review of the literature on pre-liver transplant immunotherapy use in patients with HCC. Our literature search queried publications in Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and Web of Science, and ultimately identified 24 original research publications to be included for analysis. We found that the role of PD-1 and PD-L1 in risk stratification for rejection is of special interest to researchers, and ongoing randomized clinical trials PLENTY and Dulect 2020-1 will provide insight into the role of PD-1 and PD-L1 in liver transplant management in the future. This literature search and the resulting review represents the most thorough collection, analysis, and presentation of the literature on the subject to date.     

Surpassing the resolution limitation of structured illumination microscopy by an untrained neural network

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM), as a flexible tool, has been widely applied to observing subcellular dynamics in live cells. It is noted, however, that SIM still encounters a problem with theoretical resolution limitation being only twice over wide-field microscopy, where imaging of finer biological structures and dynamics are significantly constrained. To surpass the resolution limitation of SIM, we developed an image postprocessing method to further improve the lateral resolution of SIM by an untrained neural network, i.e., deep resolution-enhanced SIM (DRE-SIM). DRE-SIM can further extend the spatial frequency components of SIM by employing the implicit priors based on the neural network without training datasets. The further super-resolution capability of DRE-SIM is verified by theoretical simulations as well as experimental measurements. Our experimental results show that DRE-SIM can achieve the resolution enhancement by a factor of about 1.4 compared with conventional SIM. Given the advantages of improving the lateral resolution while keeping the imaging speed, DRE-SIM will have a wide range of applications in biomedical imaging, especially when high-speed imaging mechanisms are integrated into the conventional SIM system.     

2009-2012年安徽省铜陵市恶性肿瘤发病特征分析

目的调查分析安徽省铜陵市2009-2012年恶性肿瘤发病情况。方法通过铜陵市国家肿瘤登记系统数据及现场调查,收集2009-2012年各类肿瘤的发病资料,统计和分析恶性肿瘤的粗发病率、标化发病率、年龄别发病率等指标。结果铜陵市2009-2012年共报告恶性肿瘤新发病例6 750例,年平均粗发病率为233.10/10万（男性为298.14/10万,女性为165.20/10万）,年平均标化发病率为123.77/10万（男性为147.78/10万,女性为93.03/10万）。男性前5位发病肿瘤依次为胃癌、肺癌、食管癌、结直肠肛门癌、肝癌,女性前5位依次为胃癌,肺癌,乳腺癌,结直肠肛门癌,食管癌。50岁以上人群恶性肿瘤发病有上升趋势,70岁以后为恶性肿瘤好发年龄段。结论铜陵市恶性肿瘤发病率有所下降,消化道肿瘤和肺癌仍是威胁该市居民健康的主要肿瘤,为该区当前肿瘤防控的重点。此外还需重点关注结直肠肛门癌、女性乳腺癌、男性肝癌的防治。     

2009-2011年淮安市恶性肿瘤发病及死亡分析

目的了解2009-2011年淮安市恶性肿瘤发病及死亡情况,为淮安市恶性肿瘤防控工作提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对2009-2011年淮安市8个县区恶性肿瘤登记报告资料进行整理汇总,按性别、年龄、恶性肿瘤类型等进行统计分析。结果 2009-2011年淮安市恶性肿瘤年均粗发病率205.56/10万、标化发病率为166.40/10万,年均粗死亡率为153.87/10万、标化死亡率为123.29/10万,标化率与全国高发地区数据相近。发病率较高的前4位恶性肿瘤分别为食管癌、胃癌、肺癌和肝癌。死亡居前的为食管癌、肺癌、肝癌和胃癌。男女性恶性肿瘤年均粗发病率分别为246.53/10万、162.20/10万,粗死亡率分别为189.64/10万、116.04/10万,不同性别肿瘤发病（死亡）率差异均有统计学意义（u1=36.90,P1<0.001;u2=37.22,P2<0.001）。各年龄组粗发病（死亡）率不同,35岁以上发病（死亡）数占总病例数的97.68%和98.15%。结论淮安市恶性肿瘤呈高发状态,食管癌、胃癌、肺癌和肝癌在恶性肿瘤发病及死亡中占很大比重,应作为淮安市肿...     

胃多发神经内分泌瘤内镜诊治1例

相较于胰腺、直肠、空回肠等神经内分泌瘤,胃神经内分泌瘤更为少见。按中国胃肠胰神经内分泌瘤专家共识（2016年版）,胃神经内分泌瘤可分为3型,1型占70%~80%,2型占5%~6%,3型占14%~25%。笔者报道了1例胃多发神经内分泌瘤,结合临床症状、内镜下表现、病理（免疫组化结果）、内分泌及免疫学指标等,诊断为罕见的2型胃神经内分泌瘤。     

肺移植受者术后肺功能的变化特点

目的 分析肺移植受者术后肺功能的变化特点。 方法 收集81例行双肺移植及心肺联合移植受者的临床资料,分析受者术后一般情况。分析肺移植受者术后1个月、3个月、每3个月（术后3~18个月）以及每6个月（术后18~36个月）肺通气及弥散功能指标。分析受者术后的最佳肺功能特点。 结果 受者术后机械通气时间为4（2,9）d,术后重症监护室入住时间为10（7,20）d。81例受者中,27例术后发生原发性移植物功能障碍（PGD）,发生率为33%。受者术后用力肺活量（FVC）占预计值百分比（FVC%pred）、第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV₁）占预计值百分比（FEV₁%pred）、FEV₁/FVC占预计值百分比（FEV₁/FVC%pred）、校正后肺一氧化碳弥散功能占预计值百分比（D_LCOc%pred）随时间发生变化（均为P<0.001）。FVC%pred、FEV₁%pred在术后9个月内逐渐上升,D_LCOc%pred在术后3个月内逐渐上升（均为P<0.05）。FVC%pred≥80%者36例,FEV₁%pred≥80%者41例,FEV₁/FVC%pred≥92%者76例;FVC%pred≤40%者1例,FEV₁%pred≤40%者1例。D_LCOc%pred≥80%者16例,校正后肺一氧化碳弥散功能/肺泡容量占预计值百分比（D_LCOc/V_A%pred）≥80%者63例;D_LCOc%pred≤40%者4例,D_LCOc/V_A%pred≤40%者1例。原发病为阻塞性肺疾病的受者术后FVC%pred、FEV₁/FVC%pred、D_LCOc%pred均高于原发病为限制性肺疾病的受者（均为P<0.05）。发生PGD的受者术后D_LCOc%pred低于未发生PGD的受者（P<0.05）。 结论 肺移植受者肺通气功能在术后9个月达到最佳状态且达到稳态,肺弥散功能在术后3个月达到稳态,原发病以及是否发生PGD可能对术后肺功能存在影响。