原发性膀胱颈梗阻/原发性膀胱颈协同失调的诊断与治疗现状

原发性膀胱颈梗阻(primary bladder neck obstruction,PBNO)/原发性膀胱颈协同失调(primary bladder neck dyssynergia,PBND)是一组病因不明的膀胱颈梗阻综合征,临床表现为排尿期症状(排尿费力、尿踌躇、尿流变细、排空不全等)、储尿期症状(尿频、尿急、尿失禁、夜尿等)或两者同时存在。影像尿动力检查(video-urodynamic study,VUDS)是诊断PBNO/PBND的金标准,PBNO/PBND特征为高压低流的排尿模式,在影像透视下可见膀胱颈未开放或开放不全。轻症患者可采取观察、药物治疗及间歇清洁自家导尿等措施进行保守治疗,保守治疗无效的患者应行经尿道膀胱颈电切术。为进一步了解PBNO/PBND及其进展,本文就相关研究进展进行综述。     

参芪扶正注射液的安全性评价

目的分析参芪扶正注射液临床应用的不良反应、发生类型以及相关危险因素,为临床安全用药提供依据。方法对医院2009年2月1日至2011年1月31日使用参芪扶正注射液的住院患者442例进行统计分析。结果参芪扶正注射液不良反应的总发生率为1.35%,发生类型有全身性损害、消化系统损害、呼吸系统损害、循环系统损害等。除药品说明书上常见不良反应以外,另有静脉炎、多汗、眼干等新的不良反应发生。发生时间多集中在用药几天以后,为迟发型不良反应。结论应加强参芪扶正注射液不良反应监测,完善药品说明书内容,规范临床医务人员的合理用药,防止其严重不良反应发生。     

以CD54为评价指标的THP-1细胞光致敏体外评价方法的确定和验证

目的 确定并验证以细胞表面标志物CD54作为评价指标的光致敏体外评价方法。方法 将THP-1细胞与多种光致敏剂、光刺激剂、皮肤致敏剂、皮肤刺激剂和阴性受试物分别孵育,在光照射或避光处理后,用流式细胞仪测定细胞表面标志物CD54和CD86的表达水平并统计分析,进一步确定具体的评价指标,并对该方法的准确性、特异性、灵敏度、重复性进行验证。结果 19种光致敏剂中有15种引起照射组THP-1细胞表达CD54的平均荧光强度（MFI）较非照射组显著增加（P<0.05、0.01） ,且照射组细胞表达CD54的相对荧光强度（RFI）值均在1.5以上。光刺激剂经光照射后也可引起细胞表达CD54的MFI显著增加（P<0.01） ,但经过预照射处理后,CD54的表达水平较直接照射组显著下降（P<0.01）。未经光照射条件下,皮肤致敏剂即可引起THP-1细胞表达CD54和CD86的MFI比对照组显著增加（P<0.01） ,光照后CD54的表达反而略有下降。在光照和避光条件下,皮肤刺激剂、阴性受试物（乳酸）均未引起细胞表达CD54或CD86的显著性变化。以CD54为评价指标的THP-1细胞光致敏评价方法检测光致敏剂的准确性、特异性和灵敏度分别是85.2%、100%和78.9%,具有良好的重复性。结论 确定了THP-1细胞光致敏评价方法的细胞表面标志物评价指标为CD54,判定标准为：（1）光照后THP-1细胞表达CD54的MFI较照射前显著性增加;（2）光照后THP-1细胞表达CD54的RFI≥1.5;（3）当上述条件均满足时,对受试物进行预照射处理,结果仍然满足前2条标准。     

Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on fairness-related decision-making

Neuroimaging studies suggest that the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC) is an important brain area involved in fairness-related decision-making. In the present study, we used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the rDLPFC to investigate the effects of changed cortical excitability on fairness norm enforcement in social decision-making. Participants received anodal, cathodal or sham stimulation before performing a modified ultimatum game task, in which participants were asked to accept or reject the proposer’s offer and self-rate the intensity of their anger at offers on a 7-point scale. The results showed that the rejection rate of unfair offers and anger level were higher in the anodal compared to the sham and cathodal groups and that the level of anger at unfair offers can predict the rejection rate. Furthermore, the fairness effect of RTs was more prominent in the anodal group than in the sham and cathodal groups. Our findings validate the causal role of the rDLPFC in fairness-related decision-making through tDCS, suggesting that strengthening the rDLPFC increases individuals’ reciprocal fairness in social decision-making, both in subjective rating and behaviors.     

Excellent Photonic and Mechanical Properties of Macromorphic Fibers Formed by Eu3+-Complex-Anchored,Unzipped, Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

The macromorphic properties of carbon nanotubes perform poorly because of their size limitations: nanosize in diameters and microsize in length. In this work, to realize these dual purposes, we first used an electrochemical method to tear the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to anchor photonic Eu³⁺-complexes there. Through the polar reactive groups endowed by the tearing, the Eu³⁺-complexes coordinate at the defected structures, obtaining the Eu³⁺-complex-anchored, unzipped, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (E-uMWCNTs). The controllable surface-breaking retains the MWCNTs’ original, excellent mechanical properties. Then, to obtain the macromorphic structure with infinitely long fibers, a wet-spinning process was applied via the binding of a small quantity of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Thus, the wet-spun fibers with high contents of E-uMWCNTs (E-uMWCNT-Fs) were produced, in which the E-uMWCNTs took 33.3 wt%, a high ratio in E-uMWCNT-Fs. On the other hand, due to the reinforcing effect of E-uMWCNTs, the highest tensile strength can reach 228.2 MPa for E-uMWCNT-Fs. Meanwhile, the E-uMWCNT-Fs show high-efficiency photoluminescence and excellent media resistance performance due to the embedding effect of PVA on the E-uMWCNTs. Therefore, E-uMWCNT-Fs can exhibit excellent luminescence properties in aqueous solutions at pH 4~12 and in some high-concentration metal-ion solutions. Those distinguished performances promise outstanding innovations of this work.     

Impact of Obesogenic Environments on Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption among Preschoolers: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Survey in Beijing

The excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been proven to be critical for obesity among preschoolers. This study aimed to describe the SSB consumption rates among preschoolers in the Dongcheng District of Beijing, China, and to explore the association between obesogenic environmental determinants and consumption. We applied a stratified cluster sampling method and recruited 3057 primary caregivers of preschoolers in June 2019 to participate in the survey. The caregivers reported their children’s consumption rates of six categories of SSBs and their exposure rates to SSB-related obesogenic environments. The associations between them were tested using multivariate logistic regression models. The mean (SD) age of the children was 5.6 (0.6) years and nearly half (48.3%) were girls. About 84.5% of the children had consumed SSBs over the past three months, and sugar-sweetened milk beverages had the highest consumption rate. Higher exposure to advertisements for the corresponding SSB categories in children, higher frequency rates of consuming SSBs and of taking children to fast-food restaurants in caregivers, and lower frequency rates of reading the Nutrition Facts Panels by caregivers were associated with higher SSB consumption rates among children (p < 0.05 in all of the SSB categories investigated, except for the Nutrition Facts Panel reading behaviors for the sports and energy beverages). SSB consumption among preschoolers is of concern, and comprehensive policy actions and education are urgently needed.     

Timing of Breastfeeding Initiation Mediates the Association between Delivery Mode,Source of Breastfeeding Education,and Postpartum Depression Symptoms

Background: Emergency cesarean section (EMCS) and breastfeeding difficulties increase the risk of postpartum depressive (PPD) symptoms. Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) may not only alleviate PPD symptoms but also facilitate subsequent breastfeeding success. EMCS is a risk factor for not practicing EIBF. Therefore, it is important to understand the relationship between EMCS, EIBF, and PPD symptoms. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in three areas of China. At baseline, a total of 965 mothers completed electronic questionnaires within 72 h postpartum. Women were screened for PPD symptoms using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the determinants of PPD symptoms. Mediation analysis was used to determine if EIBF mediated the relationship between delivery mode or breastfeeding education source and PPD symptoms. Results: The prevalence of EIBF was 40.6%; 14% of 965 mothers experienced EMCS, and 20.4% had PPD symptoms. The risk factors for developing PPD symptoms were excessive gestational weight gain (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.55, confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.03–2.33, p = 0.037) and EMCS (aOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.30–3.25, p = 0.002). The protective factors for developing PPD symptoms were monthly household income over CNY 10000 (aOR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.47–0.97, p = 0.034), EIBF (aOR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.34–0.72, p < 0.001), and prenatal breastfeeding education from nurses (aOR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.29–0.73, p = 0.001). EIBF indirectly affected PPD symptoms in patients who had undergone EMCS (percentage mediated [PM] = 16.69, 95% CI: 7.85–25.25, p < 0.001). The source of breastfeeding education through EIBF also affected PPD symptoms (PM = 17.29, 95% CI: 3.80–30.78, p = 0.012). Conclusion: The association between EMCS on PPD symptoms was mediated by EIBF. By providing breastfeeding education, nurses could also help alleviate PPD symptoms.     

腰椎间盘突出症蛋白质组学变化与中医证型的相关性

背景：腰椎间盘突出症的中西医结合治疗效果较好。 目的：全面综述腰椎间盘突出症中医辨证分型与蛋白质组学相关的研究。 方法：检索万方、清华同方等中文数据库及Pubmed数据库2001-01/2010-12的相关文章,中文检索词为“中医证型、蛋白质组学、腰椎间盘突出症”,英文检索词为“syndrome types, traditional Chinese medicine, protcomics, lumbar intervertebral disk protrusion”。纳入腰椎间盘突出症血清蛋白质组学研究及蛋白质组学、中医分型与中医药3者关联的研究,排除重复研究及Meta分析类文章。 结果与结论：计算机检索得到361篇文献,中文79篇,英文282篇,阅读标题与摘要进行筛选,排除与此文无关的文献。对29个符合要求的研究进行综述。研究认为,部分疾病的中医分型与血清蛋白质组学有关,机体某些特异性标志蛋白表达可能与椎间盘退变相关。腰椎间盘突出症与中医血瘀证、湿热证、寒湿证等证型的关联性得到了部分实验及临床的验证,但缺乏蛋白质组学相关性研究。     

新型骨形态发生蛋白7多肽对骨髓基质干细胞生物学行为的影响

背景：国内外对骨形态发生蛋白7的研究倾向于其在组织工程方面的应用,但是骨形态发生蛋白7除具有很强的骨诱导活性之外,还影响动物生殖系统的生长发育及生理功能,如何在充分发挥其骨诱导活性的同时,避免其他生物学作用,是骨组织工程领域面临的一个难题。 目的：观察人工合成的新型骨形态发生蛋白7多肽对骨髓基质干细胞增殖、成骨分化及矿化等生物学行为影响。 方法：分离培养大鼠骨髓基质干细胞并用流式细胞仪进行鉴定。将传至第3代的骨髓基质干细胞分为实验组和对照组,实验组在培养基加入终质量浓度为100 mg/L的骨形态发生蛋白7多肽,对照组不加多肽。分别在培养的2,4,6,8,10 d对各组细胞进行MTT检测,评价其增殖情况;培养7,14 d后,通过检测细胞内钙含量和碱性磷酸酶活性评价其成骨分化情况,并进行钙黄绿素染色观察其矿化情况。 结果与结论：原代培养大鼠骨髓基质干细胞生长良好,其纯度达到91.5%。细胞增殖实验显示骨髓基质干细胞在实验组和对照组中均增殖良好,差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);诱导培养7 d和14 d后,实验组碱性磷酸酶活性及钙含量显著高于对照组(P < 0.05),实验组细胞矿化明显强于对照组。实验结果表明新型骨形态发生蛋白7多肽对骨髓基质干细胞增殖没有显著影响,但可以促进其向成骨方向分化及矿化。