Direct transformation of rodent fibroblasts by jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus DNA

Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) is the causative agent of ovine pulmonary carcinoma, a unique animal model for human bronchioalveolar carcinoma. We previously isolated a JSRV proviral clone and showed that it was both infectious and oncogenic. Thus JSRV is necessary and sufficient for the development of ovine pulmonary carcinoma, but no data are available on the mechanisms of transformation. Inspection of the JSRV genome reveals standard retroviral genes, but no evidence for a viral oncogene. However, an alternate ORF in pol (orf-x) might be a candidate for a transforming gene. We tested whether the JSRV genome might encode a transforming gene by transfecting an expression plasmid for JSRV [pCMVJS21, driven by the cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate early promoter] into mouse NIH 3T3 cells. Foci of transformed cells appeared in the transfected cultures 2-3 weeks posttransfection; cloned transformants showed anchorage independence for growth, and they expressed JSRV RNA. These results indicate that the JRSV genome contains information with direct transforming potential for NIH 3T3 cells. Transfection of a mutated version of pCMVJS21 in which the orf-x protein was terminated by two stop codons also gave transformed foci. Thus, orf-x was eliminated as the candidate transforming gene. In addition, another derivative of pCMVJS21 (pCMVJS21DeltaGP) in which the gag, pol (and orf-x) coding sequences were deleted also gave transformed foci. These results indicate that the envelope gene carries the transforming potential. This is an unusual example of a native retroviral structural protein with transformation potential.     

中药扶正抗癌方治疗中、晚期消化道肿瘤160例临床观察

14年来，以中药扶正抗癌方（自拟）治疗中、晚期消化道肿瘤160例，收到了较为满意的疗效。患者症状改善，血象升高，免疫指标提升，癌胚抗原含量下降．患者的体质增强，体重增加．其它疾病少发等，有的患者癌灶缩小，甚至消失，绝大多数的患者经治疗后生存期得以延长。     

Polyamines mediate androgenic stimulation of calcium fluxes and membrane transport in rat heart myocytes

The androgenic steroid hormone testosterone induced an early (less than 30-60 seconds) stimulation of endocytosis, hexose transport, and amino acid transport, monitored by the temperature-sensitive uptake of horseradish peroxidase, 2-deoxyglucose, and alpha-aminoisobutyrate, respectively, in rat ventricle cubes and acutely isolated ventricular myocytes. This stimulation was time- and concentration-dependent and was maximal at 10(-9) to 10(-8) M testosterone, consistent with androgen-receptor mediation. EGTA (2.5 mM), La3+ (1 mM), and verapamil (100 microM) ablated the hormonal response. The calcium ionophore A23187 (10 microM) induced an acute stimulation of endocytosis, amino acid transport, and hexose transport which was not further increased by testosterone (10(-8) M), suggesting a common effector pathway. Testosterone (10(-8) M) also evoked a rapid (less than 30 seconds) stimulation of 45Ca influx and efflux. Testosterone (10(-8) M) induced a rapid (less than 5 seconds) transient increase in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity peaking (twofold to threefold) at 60 seconds, and an early (15 seconds) transient accumulation of polyamines peaking at 60 seconds in isolated myocytes. The specific, irreversible ODC inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO, 5-10 mM) blocked the testosterone-evoked increase in ODC activity and polyamine levels and the stimulation of Ca2+ fluxes, endocytosis, hexose transport, and amino acid transport. Putrescine (0.5-1 mM), the ODC product, reversed DFMO inhibition and restored the increase in polyamines, 45Ca fluxes, and Ca2+-dependent membrane transport processes. These results demonstrate that rapid, transient ODC-regulated polyamine synthesis is essential for androgenic stimulation of Ca2+ fluxes and membrane transport processes in ventricular myocytes. These findings support a model for signal transduction in which newly synthesized polyamines serve as intracellular messengers to regulate transmembrane Ca2+ movements, Ca2+-dependent membrane transport functions, and other Ca2+- and polyamine-sensitive processes in cardiac myocytes.     

ABCA1基因多态性与冠心病易感性的关联研究

目的探讨三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运子A1（ATP binding cassette transporter1,ABCA1）基因R219K及M883I单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点与脂代谢和冠心病（coronary heart disease,CHD）易感性的关系。方法以医院为基础的病例-对照研究。经冠状动脉造影确诊的冠心病病例224例,同一地区正常对照248例。分别以PCR-RFLP和PIRA-PCR对ABCA1第219密码子G→A（Arg219Lys）和第883G→A（Met883Ile）密码子多态进行检测,比较不同基因型与个体血脂水平和冠心病患病风险的关系。结果吸烟、高血压和高血糖是冠心病的独立危险因素。与携带219RR基因型者比较,携带至少1个219K等位基因者（即RK和KK基因型）冠心病患病风险显著降低59％（OR = 0．41,95％ CI = 0．27～0．61）。而在883位点,II基因型携带者患冠心病率较低（OR = 0．54,95％ CI = 0．26～1．11）。而两位点联合作用分析发现与携带219RR,883MM或883MI基因型者相比较,携带其他组合基因型的个体冠心病患病风险降低61％（OR = 0．39,95％ CI = 0．26～0．60）。另外,对照组中携带219K等位基因者血清HDL-C水平显著高于219K非携带者（P = 0．037）,提示Arg219Lys位点的多态改变主要通过改变HDL-C水平影响个体冠心病的患病风险。结论ABCA1 R219K可能与中国汉族人群冠心病遗传易感性有关,血清高密度脂蛋白可能是其作用靶点。     

1,6-二磷酸果糖对体外循环患者血浆细胞因子的影响

目的　探讨 1,6-二磷酸果糖 (FDP)减轻体外循环 (CPB)术后全身炎症反应的临床效果。方法　将 3 8例心脏直视手术患者随机分为实验组 2 0例 ,对照组 18例。实验组在常规 CPB预充液中加入 FDP2 0 0 m g/kg,对照组不用 FDP。于手术开始前 (T0 )、 CPB结束后即刻 (T1)、CPB结束后 3小时 (T2 )、 6小时 (T3)及 2 4小时 (T4)分别抽取桡动脉血 ,采用 EL ISA法测定血浆肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF-α)、白介素 -6(IL-6)、白介素 -8(IL-8) ,用硫代巴比妥酸比色法测定血浆丙二醛 (MDA)。结果　两组术前血浆 TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、MDA浓度无差异 ,CPB结束后均已明显升高 (P <0 .0 5) ,CPB后 3小时 TNF-α、 IL -6、 IL -8达高峰 ,6小时开始下降 ,MDA在 6小时达高峰 ,2 4小时 TNF-α、 MDA恢复到接近术前水平 (P >0 .0 5) ,IL -6、 IL -8仍高于术前 (P <0 .0 5)。实验组血浆 TNF-α、 IL -6、 IL -8浓度在 T1、 T2 、 T3均明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,MDA浓度在 T1、 T2 (P <0 .0 5)和 T3 (P <0 .0 1)均明显低于对照组 ,血浆 IL -6、 IL -8在 T4也均低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1,P <0 .0 5)。结论　 CPB术后血浆 TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、MDA浓度明显升高 ,在 CPB预充液中加入 FDP可明显降低 CPB术后TNF-α、 IL-6、 IL-8及 MDA的浓度 ,     

Diagnosis and surgical treatments of hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombosis in bile duct： Experience of 34 patients

AIM: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with bile duct tumor thrombosis (BDT) is a rare event. The prognosis of this type of patients is very dismal. The aim of this study was to share the experience in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC with BDT, to further improve the prognosis of these patients.METHODS: Thirty-four patients of HCC with BDT received surgical treatment in authors‘ institute from July 1987 to January 2003 were reviewed retrospectively. The experience in the diagnosis and treatment, and the outcome of this type of HCC patients were summarized.RESULTS: Thirty of the 34 patients (88.2%) were positive for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (&gt;20 μg/L), and 12 patients (35.3%) were found having obstructive jaundice before operation, 18 cases were suspected of “obstruction of bile duct“ preoperatively. The primary tumors were frequently located at the left medial (13 cases) or right anterior lobe(14 cases). Thirty-one patients received liver resections and removal of BDT, while the other 3 patients received removal of BDT combined with hepatic artery ligation and cannulation(HAL+HAI), or only removal of BDT because their liver function reservation and general condition could not tolerate the primary tumor resection. The 1-year survival rate was 71.4%(20/28). The longest disease-free survival was over 15 years. The intrahepatic tumor recurrence within 1 year after operation was found in 14 patients (14/28, 50.0%).CONCLUSION: Surgical removal of primary tumors and BDT is safe and beneficial to the HCC patients with BDT. Early detection, diagnosis, and surgical treatment are the key points to prolong the survival time of patients.     

Medical humanities education in China: an exploratory cross-sectional study

Background

Governmental policies in China have strengthened education in the medical humanities. Previous publications have highlighted the inadequacy of medical humanities education in China and have promoted their advancement and evaluation. Medical disputes and mistrust between doctors and patients in China have been ascribed to a paucity of proper medical humanities education at the medical student level. However, no studies to date have specifically examined the frequency, structure, and characteristics of the medical humanities curricula at all Chinese medical schools, making it difficult to draw a comprehensive understanding of its current state. We therefore aim to provide such an understanding of the current role of the medical humanities at Chinese medical schools.

在娱乐场所服务小姐中开展艾滋病预防干预试点研究

目的 了解娱乐场所服务小姐中艾滋病的有关知识、态度和行为,探索在该人群中开展预防艾滋病宣传教育的措施和评价方法。方法 采用快速评估,现场访谈和咨询、免费发放艾滋病预防宣传折页、安全套和同伴教育等方法进行干预,运用问卷调查和定性访谈方法评价干预效果。结果 基线调查124名服务小姐,干预后调查135名,干预后性病和艾滋病预防知识知晓率等均有显著性提高,但态度及行为干预前后无显著性差异。85.0％的人愿意使用安全套,但实际只有42.1％的人每次都使用安全套。结论 干预活动中不仅要提供性病艾滋病的防治知识,还要提供改变高危行为的技能。定性访谈资料可信性较高,可做为定量资料的补充和评价,但如何把定量与定性资料有机的结合起来还有待进一步探讨。     

2006年湖北省血吸虫病疫情监测结果分析

目的分析湖北省2006年国家级血吸虫病疫情监测点监测结果,为制定血吸虫病防治对策提供科学依据。方法根据《全国血吸虫病监测方案》,在湖北16个国家级监测点开展监测工作,统计与分析各项指标。结果16个监测点居民感染率为1.91%,耕牛感染率为12.06%,活螺平均密度为0.67只/0.11m2,感染螺平均密度为0.0011只/0.11m2,钉螺感染率为0.17%。结论2006年监测点的人群感染率和螺情指标均比上年有所下降,但耕牛感染状况依然严重,是湖北省血防工作的重点和难点。     

养血清脑颗粒联合尼莫地平治疗颈性眩晕的临床研究

目的 研究养血清脑颗粒联合尼莫地平片治疗颈性眩晕的临床疗效。方法 选取2019年2月-2020年2月天津市第一中心医院收治的100例颈性眩晕患者,将所有患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各50例。对照组患者口服尼莫地平片,1片/次,3次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服养血清脑颗粒,1袋/次,3次/d。两组患者持续治疗10 d。观察两组患者临床疗效,比较两组的临床症状缓解时间、椎动脉型颈椎病功能评定量表（FS-CSA）评分、椎动脉血流速度和血清内皮素（ET）、降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）水平。结果 治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为78.00%、96.00%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后,治疗组患者眩晕、前庭功能受损、耳蜗症状、自主神经症状消失时间显著短于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组FS-CSA评分显著降低,椎动脉血流速度显著升高（P<0.05）;并且治疗组FS-CSA评分和椎动脉血流速度改善较明显（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组血清ET水平显著降低,CGRP水平显著升高（P<0.05）;并且治疗组血清ET和CGRP水平改善较明显（P<0.05）。结论 养血清脑颗粒联合尼莫地平片用于治疗颈性眩晕能够缩短临床症状缓解时间,升高椎动脉血流速度,改善患者临床症状和血清ET、CGRP水平。