Phosphorylcholine (PC) groups were grafted onto ammonia plasma-treated biaxially-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) surfaces, via (a) reductive amination of phosphorylcholine glyceraldehyde and (b) a two-step procedure involving the chemical amplification of surface amine groups with tris(2-aminoethyl amine) and subsequent reductive amination of phosphorylcholine glyceraldehyde. The occurrence of grafting was ascertained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FT-IR) spectroscopy. The wettability of PC-modified surfaces was assessed by dynamic contact-angle measurements using the Wilhelmy plate method. Human U937 macrophages adhered and proliferated to a significantly larger extent on PC-modified surfaces, compared to unmodified or ammonia plasma-modified BOPP. 相似文献
Background: Despite years of research, the treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a significant challenge. Animal studies presented causal links between elevated regulatory T cell (Treg) response and better prognosis in AKI. Previous studies in mice and humans showed that TIM-3+ Treg cells were more potent than TIM-3- Treg cells. In this study, we investigated the role of TIM-3 in Treg in AKI patients.
Methods: Peripheral blood from AKI patients and healthy controls were gathered, and TIM-3+ Treg subset was examined.
Results: Compared to healthy controls, the AKI patients presented a significant upregulation in the frequency of circulating CD4+CD25+ T cells; however, the majority of this increase was from the CD4+CD25+TIM-3- subset, and the frequency of CD4+CD25+TIM-3+ T cells was downregulated in AKI patients. In both healthy controls and AKI patients, the CD4+CD25+TIM-3+ T cells expressed higher levels of Foxp3, and were more potent at expressing LFA-1, LAG-3, CTLA-4, IL-10 and TGF-β. In addition, the CD4+CD25+TIM-3+ T cells from both healthy controls and AKI patients presented higher capacity to suppress CD4+CD25- T cell proliferation than the CD4+CD25+TIM-3- T cells. Interestingly, the total CD4+CD25+ T cells from AKI patients presented significantly lower inhibitory capacity than those from healthy controls, indicating that the low frequency of CD4+CD25+TIM-3+ T cells was restricting the efficacy of the Treg responses in AKI patients.
Conclusions: We demonstrated that TIM-3 downregulation impaired the function of Treg cells in AKI. The therapeutic potential of CD4+CD25+TIM-3+ T cells in AKI should be investigated in future studies. 相似文献
Current high-throughput approaches to the analysis of PCR products are based primarily on electrophoretic separation and laser-excited fluorescence detection. We show that capillary array electrophoresis can be applied to HIV-1 diagnosis and D1S80 VNTR genetic typing based simply on UV absorption detection. The additive contribution of each base pair to the total absorption signal provides adequate detection sensitivity for analyzing most PCR products. Not only is the use of specialized and potentially toxic fluorescent labels eliminated, but also the complexity and cost of the instrumentation are greatly reduced. 相似文献