MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHY AND MITOCHONDRIAL ENCEPHALOMYOPATHY

This paper is the first report of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy and mitochondrial myopathy diagnosed in China. It includes l case of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidemia and stroke-Iike episodes (MELAS), 5 cases of mitochondrial myopathy with skeletal muscles predominantly involved, and 2 cases of mitochondrial myopathy with external ocular muscles predominantly involved. The diagnosis was confirmed by muscle biopsies which revealed the "ragged-red-fiber" CRRF) in modified Gomori trichrome CMGT) stain, accumulation of lipie droplets in oil-red-O stain in frozen sections, and aggregates of abnormal mitochondria with complex paracrystalline inclusions and distorted cristae and osmiophilic dense bodies in their matrix in electron microscopy.     

消化道肿瘤免疫相关不良事件的临床分析

目的探讨消化系统恶性肿瘤中免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors, ICIs）导致免疫相关不良事件(immune-related adverse events, irAEs)的特征及危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2019年4月至2021年10月北京大学肿瘤医院诊治的95例接受ICIs治疗的消化系统恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料和irAEs发生情况。irAEs、内分泌irAEs危险因素分析采用二元Logistic回归分析。结果 95例患者共应用ICIs治疗458例次,中位应用3例次(范围：1~33例次）。irAEs的发生率为55.8%,3~4级irAEs发生率为9.5%。最常见的irAEs为皮肤irAEs(27.4%）和内分泌irAEs(22.1%）。内分泌irAEs中甲状腺功能减退最常见(16.8%）,肾上腺皮质功能减退(2.1%）和垂体炎(1.1%）少见。多数irAEs发生于免疫治疗初期,78.2%发生于12周内。过敏反应、皮肤irAEs最早发生,中位发生时间分别为2周(范围：0.9～3.1周）和3.8周(范围：0.9～17.9周）,内分泌irAEs中位发生时间为6.9周(范围：3.0～52.1周）。多因素分析显示,女性(OR=5.197, 95%CI：1.166～23.154, P=0.031)和微卫星高度不稳定(microsatellite instability-high,MSI-H） (OR=35.048, 95%CI：2.756～445.787, P=0.006)是内分泌irAEs发生风险增加的独立危险因素,免疫治疗联合化学药物治疗(OR=0.107, 95%CI：0.021～0.412, P=0.001）是内分泌irAEs的独立保护性因素。结论在消化系统恶性肿瘤中应用ICIs具有较好的安全性。女性和MSI-H患者出现内分泌irAEs风险增加,联合化学药物治疗可能降低内分泌irAEs发生风险。     

2010—2021年国内外老年多重慢病研究热点分析

背景 随着人口老龄化进程的加快,同时患有多种慢病已成为老年人的常态,老年多重慢病相关研究也不断丰富,但鲜有对其研究进展及热点进行分析。目的 分析国内外老年多重慢病的研究热点,揭示近十年来（2010—2021年）老年多重慢病领域研究前沿的热点主题,为相关研究者追踪前沿信息提供参考。方法 基于文本挖掘技术和文献计量学等方法,检索Web of Science核心合集、Scopus、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网、PubMed、中华医学会期刊全文数据库、APA-PsycINFO美国心理学会数据库中老年多重慢病领域的相关文献,检索时间为2010—2021年。使用CiteSpace 6.1.3、PASW 18、BICOMB 2.04等软件对文献的发文量趋势、来源、作者、机构、关键词等方面进行分析及可视化,并绘制战略坐标图对领域研究热点进行分析。结果 最终纳入老年多重慢病相关文献9 392篇,其中外文文献5 776篇,中文文献3 616篇。2010—2021年老年多重慢病领域中外文献发文量均呈指数型增长,中文文献年增长率为13.27%,外文文献年增长率为15.84%,该领域正处于发展阶段。中...     

放松训练对高考学生身心健康的影响

目的　研究放松训练法对高考学生身心健康的影响 ,为考生心理健康水平的提高 ,减轻考前焦虑提供科学措施。方法　选择同一学校两个高中三年级的班级 ,分别作为对照组 ( n=72 )和放松训练组 ( n=70 )。高考前的 3个月开始进行全身放松训练 ,每天约 2 5分钟 ,连续两个半月。比较训练前后两组考生的心理健康水平 ,并评价放松训练法的作用效果。结果　对照组考生在考前半个月 SCL-90的阳性项目数以及焦虑、强迫、躯体化、人际敏感、抑郁等 5项因子分和 SAS总均分均显著高于 3个月前 ;放松训练组考生经 2个半月的放松训练后 ,其 SCL-90的焦虑、强迫、人际敏感、抑郁、躯体化等 5项因子分和 SAS总均分均显著低于放松训练前 ,且阳性项目数、总均分以及焦虑、强迫、抑郁、躯体化、人际敏感等 5项因子分和 SAS总均分均显著低于对照组高考前半月的相应分值。结论　随着高考的临近 ,考生的心身反应增多且加重 ,心理健康水平明显下降 ;全身放松训练法能有效改善考生的各种心身反应和紧张焦虑状况 ,有利于保护考生的心理健康     

Microscale Transport and Sorting by Kinesin Molecular Motors

As biomolecular detection systems shrink in size, there is an increasing demand for systems that transport and position materials at micron- and nanoscale dimensions. Our goal is to combine cellular transport machinery-kinesin molecular motors and microtubules-with integrated optoelectronics into a hybrid biological/engineered microdevice that will bind, transport, and detect specific proteins, DNA/RNA molecules, viruses, or cells. For microscale transport, 1.5 microm deep channels were created with SU-8 photoresist on glass, kinesin motors adsorbed to the bottom of the channels, and the channel walls used to bend and redirect microtubules moving over the immobilized motors. Novel channel geometries were investigated as a means to redirect and sort microtubules moving in these channels. We show that DC and AC electric fields are sufficient to transport microtubules in solution, establishing an approach for redirecting microtubules moving in channels. Finally, we inverted the geometry to demonstrate that kinesins can transport gold nanowires along surface immobilized microtubules, providing a model for nanoscale directed assembly.     

Noninvasive Electrocardiographic Imaging (ECGI): Application of the Generalized Minimal Residual (GMRes) Method

Electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) is a developing imaging modality for cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias. It reconstructs epicardial potentials, electrograms, and isochrones from electrocardiographic body-surface potentials noninvasively. Current ECGI methodology employs Tikhonov regularization, which imposes constraints on the reconstructed potentials or their derivatives. This approach can sometimes reduce spatial resolution by smoothing the solution. Accuracy depends on a priori knowledge of solution characteristics and determination of an optimal regularization parameter. These properties led us to implement an independent, iterative approach for ECGI—the generalized minimal residual (GMRes) method—which does not apply constraints. GMRes was applied to experimental data during activation/repolarization of normal and infarcted hearts. GMRes reconstructions were compared to Tikhonov reconstructions and to measured gold standards in isolated hearts. Overall, the accuracy of GMRes solutions was similar to Tikhonov regularization. However, in certain cases GMRes recovered localized potential features (e.g., multiple potential minima), which were lost in the Tikhonov solution. Simultaneous use of these two complementary methods in clinical ECGI will ensure reliability and maximal extraction of diagnostic information in the absence of a priori information about a patient's condition.© 2003 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC2003: 8719Hh, 8757Gg     

妊娠中晚期暴露于可卡因对子代海马发育的影响

目的　建立妊娠中晚期暴露于可卡因的小鼠动物模型 ,研究可卡因对子代海马的发育是否具有影响以及这种影响在可卡因诱发的神经行为异常发病机理中可能所起的作用。方法　运用水迷宫方法观察可卡因对子鼠青春期空间辨别能力的影响 ,分别采用甲苯胺蓝染色技术和免疫组织化学结合图象分析技术观察海马中锥体细胞和神经胶质细胞的发育情况。结果　妊娠中晚期暴露于可卡因的小鼠子代在青春期海马锥体细胞极性紊乱 ,发育不良 ,未迁移到正常位置 ;神经胶质细胞数目减少。水迷宫结果显示可卡因可引起子代寻找平台的潜休期延长。结论　妊娠中晚期暴露于可卡因可引起子代青春期海马发育异常 ,这可能在可卡因引起子代空间辨别能力下降的发病机理中起着重要作用。     

小鼠FoxP3基因腺相关病毒的制备与鉴定

目的:构建携带小鼠FoxP3基因的重组腺相关病毒,并检测其在NIH3T3细胞的表达情况。方法:将FoxP3通过内部核糖体进入位点(IRES)与报告基因增强型绿色荧光蛋白连接,构建同时含有目的基因和报告基因的重组腺相关病毒(rAAV)表达质粒,通过磷酸钙沉淀法共转染HEK293细胞,收获并通过肝素亲和层析法纯化病毒,并对病毒纯度和滴度进行鉴定。利用携带FoxP3基因的重组病毒体外感染小鼠NIH3T3细胞,体外观察感染效率和目的基因转录情况。结果:包装成功的rAAV/FoxP3经纯化后获得了高纯度的rAAV/FoxP3,实时定量PCR检测rAAV/FoxP3的病毒滴度达到5.0×1012vg/mL,体外感染NIH3T3细胞,流式细胞术测定感染效率可达92.88%,实时PCR测定细胞内存在高水平FoxP3mRNA。结论:获得携带FoxP3-IRES-EGFP的rAAV,并可有效感染NIH3T3细胞,为进一步研究FoxP3的生物学功能提供了有效工具。     

Responses of reticulospinal neurons in the lateral reticular nucleus area of the rat to cutaneous noxious and non-noxious stimulation

Response properties of reticulospinal neurons in the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) area to natural cutaneous stimulation were investigated systematically in 45 urethane-anesthetized rats by using extracellular recording techniques. A total of 64 neurons were tested with peripheral stimuli, of which 19 were responsive only to noxious stimuli; 7 responsive to both noxious and non-noxious stimuli; 4 responsive only to non-noxious stimuli; and 34 not responsive to any cutaneous stimuli. Both the noxious and non-noxious receptive fields were large and bilateral. Among the neurons responding to noxious stimuli, the majority (72%) was excited. This study provides evidence that some reticulospinal neurons in the rat LRN area are involved in the mechanisms of nociception.