人乳头瘤病毒16型(湖北株)E7基因在体内和体外的表达

构建人乳头瘤病毒１６型（ＨＰＶ１６）Ｅ７湖北株（ＨＢ）基因真核表达质粒,探讨其在哺乳动物体外,体内表达状况,为本地区ＨＰＶ相关肿瘤的基因治疗提供依据。方法采用分子克隆技术,构建ＨＰＶ１６Ｅ７－ＨＢ重组表达质粒,磷酸钙－ＤＮＡ沉淀技术及基因免疫技术将外源目的基因（ＨＰＶ１６Ｅ７－ＨＢ）导入ＮＩＨ３Ｔ３细胞及大、小鼠体内ＰＣＲ,ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ,免疫荧光染色技术对外源目的基因及其产物（ｍＲ－ＮＡ,蛋白质。     

Cyclin D1,p16在卵巢上皮性癌发生过程中的表达及相关性

研究ＣｙｃｌｏｎＤ１．ｐ１６在卵巢上皮性癌发生过程中的表达及相关性。方法采用免疫组织化学ＳＡＢＣ法检测卵巢上皮性癌,交界性,良性卵巢肿瘤及正常卵巢组织Ｃｙｃｌｉｎ,Ｄ１,ｐ１６的表达。结论ＣｙｃｌｉｎＤ１和Ｐ１６在卵巢上皮性肿瘤癌变过程中,两者表达水平的相关性反映了癌基因了与抑癌基因相互拮抗、抑制的机制。     

钙增敏剂MCI-154对内毒素休克大鼠左心室肌原纤维ATP酶活性的影响

目的　研究钙增敏剂MCI 15 4对内毒素休克大鼠左心室肌原纤维ATP酶活性的影响。方法　利用心室肌原纤维制备 ,测定其在不同钙浓度的激活液中的ATP酶活性。结果　内毒素休克组心肌肌原纤维在不同pCa(-log[Ca2 +] )溶液中的ATP酶活性及最大ATP酶活性均明显低于假休克组 ,ATP酶 pCa曲线向右移位约 0 .35个pCa单位 ,曲线的中位值pCa50 (产生 5 0 %最大ATP酶活性所对应的pCa)明显降低。 5×10 -5mol/L甲腈吡酮对上述异常无明显的纠正作用。内毒素休克大鼠心室肌原纤维经含 1× 10 -5mol/L的MCI 15 4的激活液处理后 ,各pCa点ATP酶活性及最大ATP酶活性均明显增加 ,显著高于内毒素休克组和甲腈吡酮组 ;ATP酶 pCa曲线向左移位约 0 .4个pCa单位 ,pCa50 值增加 ,显著高于内毒素休克组和甲腈吡酮组值 ,与假休克组值无明显差别。结论　内毒素休克后 ,心肌肌原纤维活力下降 ,ATP酶活性降低 ;钙增敏剂MCI 15 4可通过增加心肌收缩蛋白对钙的敏感性而提高心肌肌原纤维活力 ,增加ATP酶活性     

A whole-slide imaging based workflow reduces the reading time of pathologists

Even though entirely digitized microscopic tissue sections (whole slide images, WSIs) are increasingly being used in histopathology diagnostics, little data is still available on the effect of this technique on pathologists' reading time. This study aimed to compare the time required to perform the microscopic assessment by pathologists between a conventional workflow (an optical microscope) and digitized WSIs. WSI was used in primary diagnostics at the Laboratory for Pathology Eastern Netherlands for several years (LabPON, Hengelo, The Netherlands). Cases were read either in a traditional workflow, with the pathologist recording the time required for diagnostics and reporting, or entirely digitally. Reading times were extracted from image management system log files, and the digitized workflow was fully integrated into the laboratory information system. The digital workflow saved time in the majority of case categories, with prostate biopsies saving the most (68% time gain). Taking into account case distribution, the digital workflow produced an average gain of 12.3%. Using WSI instead of conventional microscopy significantly reduces pathologists' reading times. Pathologists must work in a fully integrated environment to fully reap the benefits of a digital workflow.     

Triplications of chromosome 1p36.3, including the genes GABRD and SKI,are associated with a developmental disorder and a facial gestalt

Triplication of chromosomal region 1p36.3 is a rare genomic rearrangement. In this report, we delineate the phenotypic spectrum associated with 1p36.3 triplications. We describe four patients with microtriplications of variable size, but with a strong phenotypic overlap, and compare them to previously described patients with an isolated triplication or duplication of this region. The 1p36.3 triplication syndrome is associated with a distinct phenotype, characterized by global developmental delay, moderate intellectual disability, seizures, behavioral problems, and specific facial dysmorphic features, including ptosis, hypertelorism, and arched eyebrows. The de novo occurrence of these microtriplications demonstrates the reduced reproductive fitness associated with this genotype, in contrast to 1p36.3 duplications which are mostly inherited and can be associated with similar facial features but with a less severe developmental phenotype. The shared triplicated region encompasses four disease-related genes of which GABRD and SKI are most likely to contribute to the phenotype.     

Arachidonic acid modulates [14C]stearic acid incorporation into phosphatidylinositol,in human neuroblastoma cells

In the human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-BE(2), arachidonic acid (AA), supplied in the medium at micromolar concentrations, markedly ehnanced [¹⁴C]stearic acid (SA) (but not [¹⁴C]palmitic acid or [¹⁴C]oleic acid) incorporation into phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns). AA failed to stimulate [¹⁴C]SA incorporation into PtdIns precursors, namely phosphatidic acid and cytidinediphosphodiacylglycerol; furthermore, enhanced [¹⁴C]SA incorporation, brought about by exogenously administered AA, was not restricted to PtdIns tetraenoic species. When cells were pulsed for 1 h with [¹⁴C]SA (either in the presence or absence of AA) and then reincubated in AA- and [¹⁴C]SA-free medium, a marked loss of radioactivity from PtdIns was observed, that however was restricted to molecular species other than tetraenoic. These results are discussed in the light of possible mechanisms through which PtdIns achieves the 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl configuration.     

The immunomodulatory actions of E-type prostaglandins

Prostaglandins (PGs) have been recognised as modulators of immune responses. This has been proved by both in vitro studies and from observations in animals and humans. Administration of prostaglandins for therapeutic purposes, however, has been hampered by their limited bioavailability and their pleiotropic effects, with resultant toxicological profile. Despite this, some success has been demonstrated in the clinic for the control of graft rejection, especially when used as part of a broader immunosuppressant regimen. Full realisation of the therapeutic potential of prostaglandins will depend on a better understanding of their mechanism of action at the cellular level. Recently, it has been appreciated that prostaglandins do not merely inhibit T-cell function, but appear to modulate the profile of lymphocyte sub-populations through regulation of cytokine synthesis and release. Recent efforts have also begun to focus on identifying prostaglandin receptor subtypes important for immune regulation and offer a means, together with targeted delivery, of utilising the immunosuppressant/anti-inflammatory effects of E-type prostaglandins in a safe and effective manner.     

Country watch. Mexico

Latin American pharmacies are low-cost, easy access centers for medical diagnosis, counseling, and treatment. The Mexican Institute for Research on the Family and Population therefore assessed the feasibility of training pharmacists to provide AIDS/STD education in Mexico City. Initial studies found pharmacy employees lacking accurate information on transmission, prevention, and symptoms, but clients nevertheless asking them about the topics. Training materials were developed with the help of feedback from focus groups and pharmacy workers city-wide were invited to participate in a program comparing between four interventions. One group attended a pharmaceutical plant tour, one received informational materials, one participated in the training course, and one attended the course and received informational materials. The training course was eight hours long on HIV/AIDS symptoms, evolution and effects; HIV transmission; prevention measures; attitudes and myths related to HIV/AIDS; and counseling clients. The study found that short, intense training reinforced with instructional and curricular materials can significantly increase the level of pharmacy employees' knowledge. Exposure to printed materials alone failed to have a substantial impact upon knowledge or condom sales. Few participants from any group transferred knowledge to clients, with lack of time cited as a contributory factor. It is concluded that more training and reinforcement are needed to encourage pharmacy workers to volunteer information to clients.