射频消融联合其他介入综合技术治疗原发性肝癌研究进展

原发性肝癌（HCC）死亡率居全球第三位,而中国肝癌患者的年发病及死亡病例数均超过全球总数的50%。目前,手术仍是唯一有可能治愈HCC的首选方法,但绝大多数患者发现时已为肝癌中晚期,失去了手术机会。近年来介入微创治疗已成为不可手术切除肝癌治疗的研究热点之一,主要包括：肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）、局部消融治疗、放射性粒子组织间近距离放疗及体外高能聚焦超声波等。由于介入微创治疗方式多样,如何合理有序的联合应用仍是当前的研究热点。本文重点综述以射频消融为基础的各种介入综合技术手段联合应用治疗肝癌的新进展。     

Postmortem diagnosis of fatal hypothermia/hyperthermia by spectrochemical analysis of plasma

Postmortem diagnosis of extreme-weather-related deaths is a challenging forensic task. Here, we present a state-of-the-art study that employed attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in combination with Chemometrics for postmortem diagnosis of fatal hypothermia/hyperthermia by biochemical investigation of plasma in rats. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) and spectral analysis revealed that plasma samples from the fatal hypothermia, fatal hyperthermia, and control groups, are substantially different from each other based on the spectral variations associated with the lipid, carbohydrate and nucleic acid components. Two partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) classification models (hypothermia-nonhypothermia and hyperthermia-nonhyperthermia binary models) with a 100% accuracy rate were constructed. Subsequently, internal cross-validation was performed to assess the robustness of these two models, which resulted in 98.1 and 100% accuracy. Ultimately, classification predictions of 42 unknown plasma samples were performed by these two models, and both models achieved 100% accuracy. Additionally, our results demonstrated that hemolysis and postmortem hypothermic/hyperthermic effects did not weaken the prediction ability of these two classification models. In summary, this work demonstrates ATR-FTIR spectroscopy’s great potential for postmortem diagnosis of fatal hypothermia/hyperthermia.     

Iron-Oxide Nanocluster Labeling of Clostridium novyi-NT Spores for MR Imaging–Monitored Locoregional Delivery to Liver Tumors in Rat and Rabbit Models

PurposeTo label Clostridium novyi-NT spores (C. novyi-NT) with iron oxide nanoclusters and track distribution of bacteria during magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-monitored locoregional delivery to liver tumors using intratumoral injection or intra-arterial transcatheter infusion.Materials and MethodsVegetative state C. novyi-NT were labeled with iron oxide particles followed by induction of sporulation. Labeling was confirmed with fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). T2 and T2* relaxation times for magnetic clusters and magnetic microspheres were determined using 7T and 1.5T MR imaging scanners. In vitro assays compared labeled bacteria viability and oncolytic potential to unlabeled controls. Labeled spores were either directly injected into N1-S1 rodent liver tumors (n = 24) or selectively infused via the hepatic artery in rabbits with VX2 liver tumors (n = 3). Hematoxylin-eosin, Prussian blue, and gram staining were performed. Statistical comparison methods included paired t-test and ANOVA.ResultsBoth fluorescence microscopy and TEM studies confirmed presence of iron oxide labels within the bacterial spores. Phantom studies demonstrated that the synthesized nanoclusters produce R2 relaxivities comparable to clinical agents. Labeling had no significant impact on overall growth or oncolytic properties (P >.05). Tumor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) decreased significantly following intratumoral injection and intra-arterial infusion of labeled spores (P <.05). Prussian blue and gram staining confirmed spore delivery.ConclusionsC. novyi-NT spores can be internally labeled with iron oxide nanoparticles to visualize distribution with MR imaging during locoregional bacteriolytic therapy involving direct injection or intra-arterial transcatheter infusion.     

利用慢性病管理系统提高初发2型糖尿病患者的管理水平

开发一款适合临床药师使用的慢性病管理系统,并运用此系统对初诊为2型糖尿病的32例住院患者进行药学服务和评估随访。患者接受服务后体质指数、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血糖较初发时有显著改善,而血压和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇无显著变化。     

降香挥发油类成分水蒸气蒸馏法提取过程中油水分配规律解析

目的揭示降香挥发油水蒸气蒸馏过程中挥发性成分的提取、分布规律及影响因素。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取降香饮片挥发油,每30 min收集1次提取液,分离芳香水部分和挥发油部分,通过GC-MS分析不同时段提取液的化学成分。结果实验共得136种挥发性成分,其中反式-橙花叔醇、(E)-β-famesene、α-farnesene为主要特征成分;水中特有成分22种、油中特有成分共计13种、油水共有成分有101种。水中特有成分与芳香水主要特征成分的溶出/扩散呈显著正相关,而与挥发油中主要成分呈负相关。水中特有成分的水溶解度最大,主成分分析(PCA)结果表明,PC1(熔点、表面张力、极性曲面、折射率呈负相关成分)、PC2(极化率、相对分子质量、沸点呈正相关成分、水溶解度呈负相关成分)是导致成分分布差异的主成分。结论水蒸气蒸馏法提取降香挥发油过程中,挥发性成分受自身理化性质的影响,部分成分特异性地在芳香水、挥发油体系分布,水中特有成分增加了主要成分在芳香水中的含量,可能是导致挥发油提取过程易产生"乳化"现象进而导致挥发油品质下降的重要原因。     

Hypermetabolism associated with worse prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Journal of Neurology - Exploration of hypermetabolism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with different ethnicities is needed to understand its metabolic implications for clinical management....