HPLC柱切换法对炔诺酮α，β－聚（3－羟丙基）－DL－天冬酰胺在兔体内释放炔诺酮的测定

以柱切换ＨＰＬＣ（ＣＳＨＰＬＣ）技术，对炔诺酮α，β－聚（３－羟丙基）－ＤＬ天冬酰胺在家兔体内释放液中炔诺酮的血药浓度进行了测定，以自制ＯＤＳ预柱，水为流动相联机净化、富集样品；以Ｓｈｉｍ－ｐａｃｋＣＬＣ－ＯＤＳ为分析柱，甲醇－水（７：３）为流动相。结果表明ＣＳＨＰＬＣ对炔诺酮血药浓度有良好的选择性，回收率为８２．６％（ｎ＝５），日内和日间精密度（ＲＳＤ）分别小于４％和６％。在血清０．２２～１．１０μｇ／ｍ１范围内炔诺酮色谱峰面积与浓度有较好的线性关系（ｎ＝５，ｒ＝０．９９８）．     

Autopsy diagnoses of Alzheimer disease: Independent reviews and clinical implications

At present, the neuropathologic examination is universally regarded as essential for the final diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD). However, there is absence of agreement on what areas to examine, what stains to use, which lesions to report, and how to interpret other neuropathologic findings. In this study, we describe the results of reviewing the neuropathologic findings in probands from a family study of AD who had received a clinical diagnosis of ‘probable AD’ (N = 33). A neuropathologic diagnosis of AD was received for 88% of the probands, a proportion entirely in agreement with that reported in the literature. An independent review of the autopsy reports found variability in whether the neuropathologic diagnosis was based on the presence of plaques or tangles or both. Further, when a subset of histologic slides was reviewed by two researchers working in the field of AD, there were substantial diagnostic discrepancies. These findings indicate the need for standardized protocols, but suggest that even they have limitations. These limitations are of particular concern when estimating vulnerability to AD of first-degree relatives. Thus, while neuropathologic examination continues to provide invaluable information about the causes of dementia, it cannot be regarded as a gold standard for diagnosis of individual cases.     

Infected pancreatic fluid collections: percutaneous catheter drainage

Thirty-eight infected pancreatic fluid collections in 23 patients with acute or chronic pancreatitis were drained percutaneously following initial diagnosis with computed tomography and fine-needle aspiration. Fifteen (65.2%) patients were cured completely without surgery. Eight (34.8%) patients required some type of surgery despite successful treatment of the fluid collection, and in two (6.5%) the collection recurred after catheter removal. Complications occurred in three (13%) patients, but only one complication (4%), empyema, was a direct result of catheter drainage. Catheter drainage time averaged 29 days for 16 patients with isolated collections and 96 days and 104 days for patients with collections with pancreatic duct fistulas (nine patients) or gastrointestinal fistulas (14 patients), respectively. This study confirms that infected pancreatic fluid collections can be safely and effectively treated with percutaneous catheter techniques in most patients.     

Attenuation of morphine tolerance development by electroconvulsive shock in mice

The development of tolerance to morphine has been proposed as being analogous to learning or memory, since the presentation of a novel stimulus (morphine) to an organism results in an altered response on subsequent presentations of the same stimulus. Electroconvulsive shock has been widely used to disrupt memory in animals and its effect on the development of tolerance to morphine was examined. Pretreatment of mice with six, progressively increasing intraperitoneal doses of morphine induced tolerance to an excitant action of morphine, shown by a marked reduction in the locomotor activity elicited by a subsequent intraperitoneal test dose of morphine. In three separate experiments, the administration of eleetroconvulsive shock 2–3 hr after each pretreatment with morphine attenuated the degree of tolerance developed. The eleetroconvulsive shock had no significant effect on the locomotor activity of non-tolerant mice tested under similar conditions in each experiment. In a single pilot study, electroconvulsive shock was found to reduce the frequency of jumping precipitated by an intraperitoneal dose of naloxone, suggesting a possible decrease in the degree of dependence. The present results are interpreted as supporting the view that the mechanisms of morphine tolerance may be similar to those involved in learning or memory.     

Survival of octogenarians: six years after initial chromosome examination.

The frequencies of hypodiploidy, hyperdiploidy, monosomy C, monosomy G, and breaks were lower in the 19 female octogenarians who survived chromosome examination by six years than in the 19 who died, although none of the differences were statistically significant. In men, if anything, the trend was in the opposite direction with the nine survivors having higher frequencies than the 14 decedents. Again the differences were small and none were statistically significant. In neither sex, was there a relationship between length of survival and any of the parameters examined. Repeat chromosome examinations (two each, average interval 2.4 years) were available for seven women (one survivor and six decedents). There were no statistically significant differences between the two chromosome examinations except for an increase in monosomy C. Seven individuals, however, including but a single survivor, form too small a group to permit definitive conclusions about the lack of a relationship between chromosomal changes and survival.     

X chromatin and chromosome examination in aged women

X chromatin frequencies were compared between aged, middle-aged and young women and a statistically significant decrease in frequency was found in the aged as compared to the middle-aged and the young women. For a subsample of aged women results of chromosome examinations were also available which allowed comparison of the frequencies of X chromatin and monosomy C; no significant correlation emerged. This latter finding indicates that karyotypic analysis is necessary for the determination of monosomy C and that X chromatin counts from buccal mucosal cells cannot be substituted for the examination of karyotypes.     

Subjective memory complaints in geriatric depression

Improvement in depressive symptoms was significantly related to a decrease in subjective memory complaints in 29 elderly depressed outpatients. Patients with substantial improvement in their depression showed similar reductions in memory complaints regardless of whether they received tricyclic antidepressants or group psychotherapy.