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排序方式: 共有756条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
691.
Brambilla P Hardan A di Nemi SU Perez J Soares JC Barale F 《Brain research bulletin》2003,61(6):557-569
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that severely disrupts social and cognitive functions. MRI is the method of choice for in vivo and non-invasively investigating human brain morphology in children and adolescents. The authors reviewed structural MRI studies that investigated structural brain anatomy and development in autistic patients. All original MRI research papers involving autistic patients, published from 1966 to May 2003, were reviewed in order to elucidate brain anatomy and development of autism and rated for completeness using a 12-item check-list. Increased total brain, parieto-temporal lobe, and cerebellar hemisphere volumes were the most replicated abnormalities in autism. Interestingly, recent findings suggested that the size of amygdala, hippocampus, and corpus callosum may also be abnormal. It is conceivable that abnormalities in neural network involving fronto-temporo-parietal cortex, limbic system, and cerebellum may underlie the pathophysiology of autism, and that such changes could result from abnormal brain development during early life. Nonetheless, available MRI studies were often conflicting and could have been limited by methodological issues. Future MRI investigations should include well-characterized groups of autistic and matched healthy individuals, while taking into consideration confounding factors such as IQ, and socioeconomic status. 相似文献
692.
693.
694.
Gimenez A Limongi JC Valente AC Gimenez C da Silva JU 《Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria》2003,61(1):121-124
Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is a neurological complication of several systemic tumors and is characterized by multifocal invasion of the meninges by neoplastic cells. It is estimated that 5% of all patients with cancer will present leptomeningeal carcinomatosis at some time during the course of the illness. Clinical manifestations are heterogeneous and present with signs and symptoms related to involvement of multiple areas of the nervous system, particularly cranial nerves and spinal roots. The diagnosis is based on suggestive clinical findings, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing and imaging studies. The most informative findings come from CSF where the presence of neoplastic cells is definitive for the diagnosis. The purpose of this report is to describe, along with a review of the literature, a clinical case of a 42 years old man in whom the first clinical signs of a lung cancer manifested with symptoms suggestive of meningeal involvement. 相似文献
695.
696.
Machado-Vieira R Santin A Soares JC 《Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (S?o Paulo, Brazil : 1999)》2004,26(Z3):51-53
Bipolar disorder is a chronic and recurrent disorder, and many factors have been associated with its course and prognosis. Dysfunction in social, professional or family life has been correlated with poor outcomes and increased risk of relapse and recurrence, especially when the patient does not adhere to the treatment regimen. Within the last decade, new treatments, intended to promote better adherence and minimize the risk of morbidity or hospitalization, have been tested. The multidisciplinary team approach attempts to educate patients and their families about such factors. Herein, we evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of this approach in applying the various psychosocial interventions employed in the treatment of bipolar disorder. The objective of this approach is early identification of prodromal symptoms in order to prevent hospitalization and behavioral dysfunction. 相似文献
697.
Ribeiro MA Ferriani Md Reis JN 《Cadernos de saúde pública / Ministério da Saúde, Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública》2004,20(2):456-464
This study analyzes the characteristics of sexual abuse committed within the family against age groups classified according to the Brazilian Statute for Children and Adolescents (the prevailing legislation on matters pertaining to minors) and treated at the Reference Center for Children and Adolescents and the Guardianship Councils in Ribeir?o Preto, S?o Paulo State, Brazil, from 1995 to 2000. Some 234 abuses were identified, committed by 217 aggressors, against 210 families and a total of 226 victims. A total of 131 children (48.7%) and 95 adolescents (41.2%), predominantly females, were victimized. Children ranging from 10 to 12 years were the most frequently abused (19.5%), as well as adolescents from 12 to 14 years old (17.3%). The majority of the victims live in families with 3 (19.9%) or 4 children (177%), and the firstborn are the most frequently abused (33.6%). The majority of aggressors who acted alone victimized only one individual (86.7%). Fathers (34.2%) and stepfathers (30.3%) were the most frequent aggressors, with the former victimizing more children (19.7%) and the latter adolescents (17.1%). 相似文献
698.
Leao JC Ferreira AM Bandeira V Figueirôa FV Porter SR 《International dental journal》2005,55(2):89-92
The ectodermal dysplasias (EDs) are a complex group of diseases clinically characterised by congenital absence of ectodermally derived structures. The present report details the features of a 13 year old schoolboy with the rare anhydrotic ectodermal dysplasia (Christ-Siemens-Touraine syndrome). 相似文献
699.
Chen HH Nicoletti MA Hatch JP Sassi RB Axelson D Brambilla P Monkul ES Keshavan MS Ryan ND Birmaher B Soares JC 《Neuroscience letters》2004,363(1):65-68
Abnormalities in left superior temporal gyrus (STG) have been reported in adult bipolar patients. However, it is not known whether such abnormalities are already present early in the course of this illness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) morphometric analysis of STG was performed in 16 DSM-IV children and adolescents with bipolar disorder (mean age+/-SD 15.5+/-3.4 years) and 21 healthy controls (mean age+/-SD 16.9+/-3.8 years). Subjects underwent a 3D spoiled gradient recalled acquisition MRI examination. Using analysis of covariance with age, gender and intra-cranial brain volume as covariates, we found significantly smaller left total STG volumes in bipolar patients (12.5+/-1.5 cm(3)) compared with healthy controls (13.6+/-2.5 cm(3)) (F=4.45, d.f.=1, 32, P=0.04). This difference was accounted for by significantly smaller left and right STG white matter volumes in bipolar patients. Decreased white matter connections may be the core of abnormalities in STG, which is an important region for speech, language and communication, and could possibly underlie neurocognitive deficits present in bipolar patients. 相似文献
700.
Machado-Vieira R Kapczinski F Soares JC 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2004,28(2):209-224
Bipolar disorder (BD) has been a particularly challenging illness for the development of adequate animal models for neurobiological studies. These difficulties are largely related to the peculiar clinical characteristics of this illness, with an intriguing alternation of mania, depression, euthymia, and mixed states. The etiology and brain mechanisms involved in this several mental illness remain unknown. Preclinical studies with animal models of mania or depression have been developed to evaluate the potential efficacy of new psychotropic drugs and generate information concerning the biochemical effects of these drugs on specific targets. These models try to mimic the behavioral components of mania and depression in human subjects and examine the pharmacological responses and mechanisms of action of potentially new therapeutic agents. The main limitation is that there is currently no model that would mimic mood cyclicity, which is a hallmark feature of BD. Thus, these models do not represent valid paradigms for the study of this illness, because they do not address key questions regarding cyclicity. In this review, we propose that new genetics approaches involving potential animal models of BD are a promising new area for further development. 相似文献