全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4465篇 |
免费 | 173篇 |
国内免费 | 17篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 113篇 |
儿科学 | 115篇 |
妇产科学 | 210篇 |
基础医学 | 500篇 |
口腔科学 | 12篇 |
临床医学 | 310篇 |
内科学 | 1258篇 |
皮肤病学 | 100篇 |
神经病学 | 280篇 |
特种医学 | 82篇 |
外科学 | 576篇 |
综合类 | 40篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 242篇 |
眼科学 | 69篇 |
药学 | 365篇 |
中国医学 | 4篇 |
肿瘤学 | 378篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 18篇 |
2022年 | 85篇 |
2021年 | 198篇 |
2020年 | 60篇 |
2019年 | 92篇 |
2018年 | 112篇 |
2017年 | 86篇 |
2016年 | 102篇 |
2015年 | 120篇 |
2014年 | 157篇 |
2013年 | 208篇 |
2012年 | 355篇 |
2011年 | 405篇 |
2010年 | 183篇 |
2009年 | 102篇 |
2008年 | 289篇 |
2007年 | 355篇 |
2006年 | 322篇 |
2005年 | 307篇 |
2004年 | 323篇 |
2003年 | 328篇 |
2002年 | 231篇 |
2001年 | 25篇 |
2000年 | 10篇 |
1999年 | 19篇 |
1998年 | 21篇 |
1997年 | 26篇 |
1996年 | 11篇 |
1995年 | 15篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 19篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4655条查询结果,搜索用时 766 毫秒
121.
122.
Hepcidin is the key regulator of iron metabolism. Iron supplementation is often introduced in dialyzed patients to replete or to maintain iron stores, particularly in patients treated with erythropoietic-stimulating agents. The present study was aimed to assess possible relation between hepcidin and erythropoietin therapy, with particular attention being paid to erythropoietin-hyporesponsiveness in hemodialyzed patients. Prohepcidin and hepcidin were studied using commercially available kits from DRG Instruments GmbH, Germany (ELISA method) and Bachem, UK (RIA method). TNFα and IL-6 were studied using kits from and R&D (Abington, UK), and hsCRP was studied using kits from American Diagnostica, USA. Hyporesponsive patients to erythropoietin therapy had significantly lower serum albumin, cholesterol, LDL, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and residual renal function, and significantly higher serum ferritin, hsCRP, IL-6, TNFα, and erythropoietin dose. The difference in serum prohepcidin and hepcidin did not reach statistical significance; however, there was a tendency toward higher values of both prohepcidin and hepcidin in hyporesponsive patients. In conclusion, though hyporesponsiveness to erythropoietin therapy occur in dialyzed patients, it is mainly associated with subclinical inflammation than with hepcidin excess. Further studies are needed to develop a reliable and reproducible assay to elucidate the potential contribution of hepcidin to hyporesponsiveness during erythropoietin therapy. 相似文献
123.
Jacek B. Kowalczewski Lidia Rutkowska-Sak Dariusz Marczak Iwona Słowińska Radosław Słowiński Marcin Sibiński 《International orthopaedics》2013,37(4):595-598
Purpose
The aim of the study was to assess bone graft incorporation after revision hip arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods
We report an acetabular reconstruction using impacted, morselized, frozen, radiation sterilized bone allografts in 71 patients suffering from RA. There were sixty-six women and five men at a mean age of 57.5 years. Reconstruction was performed in 78 revision total hip arthroplasties (THAs) for aseptic loosening of acetabular component. The mean follow-up was five years and four months. In 38 cases, a revision was done with use of reinforcement devices.Results
In four revised hips (10 %) without reinforcement implants, resorption of the allografts was noticed. All Mueller rings and 50 % of unscrews cages (Link, Howmedica) were revised because of aseptic loosening and bone graft resorption. In all of 17 hips with the Burch-Schneider cage, no measurable migration or bone allografts resorption occurred. There were no major general complications.Conclusions
Acetabular reconstruction with use of morselized, frozen, radiation sterilized bone allografts and the Burch-Schneider cage can be highly successful in managing massive deficiency of acetabular bone stock in revision hip arthroplasty in RA patients. 相似文献124.
Jaroslaw Andrychowski Zbigniew Czernicki Jacek Bogucki Pawel Nauman 《Neurological research》2013,35(7):655-657
AbstractThe method of blood flow velocity (BFV) evaluation by intraoperative application of the high frequency Doppler is presented. The device is used to estimate BFV changes in small caliber arteries by direct placement of the probe upon the examined vessel. BFVexaminations were performed on the site during aneurysm operations, during transsphenoidal approaches to identify the intracavernous portion of leA embedded in the tumor mass and in patients after encephalodurosynangiosis evaluated on the outpatient basis. Technical characteristics of the flowmeter used are described and examples of the BFV pictures in cerebral arteries are presented. The device allows a precise BFVevaluation in the selected vessel and detection of changes in BFV patterns particularly useful during aneurysms surgery. This method of identifying cerebral vessels may become applicable in other types of neurosurgical operations. [Neural Res 1998; 20: 655–657] 相似文献
125.
Abraham Sonny Ahmed Ibrahim Andres Schuster Wael A. Jaber Jacek B. Cywinski 《Clinical transplantation》2016,30(9):986-993
Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy causes variable degree of systolic and diastolic dysfunction (DD) and conduction abnormalities. The primary aim of our study was to determine whether pre‐transplant DD and prolonged corrected QT (QTc) predict a composite of mortality, graft failure, and major cardiovascular events after liver transplantation. We also evaluated the reversibility of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy after transplantation. Adult patients who underwent liver transplantation at our institution from January 2007 to March 2009 were included. Data were obtained from institutional registry, medical record review, and evaluation of echocardiographic images. Among 243 patients, 113 (46.5%) had grade 1 DD, 16 (6.6%) had grade 2 DD, and none had grade 3 DD. The mean pre‐transplant QTc was 453 milliseconds. After a mean post‐transplant follow‐up of 5.2 years, 75 (31%) patients satisfied the primary composite outcome. Cox regression analysis did not show any significant association between DD and the composite outcome (P=.17). However, longer QTc was independently associated with the composite outcome (HR: 1.01, 95% confidence interval: 1.00–1.02, P=.05). DD (P<.001) and left ventricular mass index (P=.001) worsened after transplantation. In conclusion, QTc prolongation appears to be associated with worse outcomes. Although DD did not impact outcomes, it significantly worsened after transplantation. 相似文献
126.
Ahmed Nassar Qiang Liu Kevin Farias Laura Buccini William Baldwin Ana Bennett Martin Mangino Samuel Irefin Jacek Cywinski Toshihiro Okamoto Teresa Diago Uso Giuseppe Iuppa Basem Soliman Charles Miller Cristiano Quintini 《Artificial organs》2016,40(10):999-1008
Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) has been introduced as a promising technology to preserve and possibly repair marginal liver grafts. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of temperature on the preservation of donation after cardiac death (DCD) liver grafts in an ex vivo perfusion model after NMP (38.5°C) and subnormothermic machine perfusion (SNMP, 21°C) with a control group preserved by cold storage (CS, 4°C). Fifteen porcine livers with 60 min of warm ischemia were preserved for 10 h by NMP, SNMP or CS (n = 5/group). After the preservation phase all livers were reperfused for 24 h in an isolated perfusion system with whole blood at 38.5°C to simulate transplantation. At the end of transplant simulation, the NMP group showed significantly lower hepatocellular enzyme level (AST: 277 ± 69 U/L; ALT: 22 ± 2 U/L; P < 0.03) compared to both SNMP (AST: 3243 ± 1048 U/L; ALT: 127 ± 70 U/L) and CS (AST: 3150 ± 1546 U/L; ALT: 185 ± 97 U/L). There was no significant difference between SNMP and CS. Bile production was significantly higher in the NMP group (219 ± 43 mL; P < 0.01) compared to both SNMP (49 ± 84 mL) and CS (12 ± 16 mL) with no significant difference between the latter two groups. Histologically, the NMP livers showed preserved cellular architecture compared to the SNMP and CS groups. NMP was able to recover DCD livers showing superior hepatocellular integrity, biliary function, and microcirculation compared to SNMP and CS. SNMP showed some significant benefit over CS, yet has not shown any advantage over NMP. 相似文献
127.
Create a Chain of Survival: Extracorporeal Life Support Treatment of Severe Hypothermia Victims
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Artificial organs》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
128.
Krzysztof Góralczyk Justyna Szymańska Katarzyna Szot Jacek Fisz Danuta Rość 《Lasers in medical science》2016,31(5):825-831
Diabetes mellitus is considered to be a very serious lifestyle disease leading to cardiovascular complications and impaired wound healing observed in the diabetic foot syndrome. Chronic hyperglycemia is the source of the endothelial activation. The inflammatory process in diabetes is associated with the secretion of inflammatory cytokines by endothelial cells, e.g., tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). The method of phototherapy using laser beam of low power (LLLT—low-level laser therapy) effectively supports the conventional treatment of diabetic vascular complications such as diabetic foot syndrome. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of low-power laser irradiation at two wavelengths (635 and 830 nm) on the secretion of inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-6) by the endothelial cell culture—HUVEC line (human umbilical vein endothelial cell)—under conditions of hyperglycemia. It is considered that adverse effects of hyperglycemia on vascular endothelial cells may be corrected by the action of LLLT, especially with the wavelength of 830 nm. It leads to the reduction of TNF-α concentration in the supernatant and enhancement of cell proliferation. Endothelial cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes; however, a small number of studies evaluate an impact of LLLT on these cells under conditions of hyperglycemia. Further work on this subject is warranted. 相似文献
129.
130.
Koszałka P Szmit E Myśliwski A Bigda J 《Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis》2007,55(4):267-279
Introduction: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a cytokine able to exert anti-tumor activity in various models and modes of applications. However,
the exact mechanism mediating the in vivo anti-tumor effect of TNF has not yet been clarified.
Materials and Methods: The effects of intratumoral injection of rat TNF into hamsters bearing Bomirski Ab amelanotic melanoma, a fast growing tumor
of high metastatic potential, were tested. Subcutaneous injections of the anti-angiogenic compound TNP-470 allowed analysis
of its influence on the effects of TNF administration.
Results: TNF application resulted in a significant inhibition of tumor growth and changes in metastasis pattern. Accelerated hemorrhagic
necrosis was also observed, indicating the effect of the cytokine on tumor vessels. Moreover, the synergistic anti-tumor effect
of TNF and anti-angiogenic agent TNP-470 suggested a cooperative activity of both substances on tumor vasculature. Microscopically,
the effect of TNF injections was expressed by an increase in the amount of tumor cells with nuclear pyknosis and karryorrhexis.
In vitro assays indicated a direct cytotoxic effect of TNF against Ab melanoma cells, most probably as an outcome of apoptosis. Intratumoral
application of TNF also caused some modulation of cytokine response in melanoma-bearing hamsters as evidenced by increased
levels of IL-6 in blood serum.
Conclusions: This study established Bomirski Ab melanoma as a useful model for complex analysis of the anti-tumor activity of TNF. 相似文献