Flow karyotypes and chromosomal DNA contents of genus Triticum species and rye (Secale cereale)

The flow cytometry and chromosome imaging method were jointly used for analyzing genome content and chromosomal DNA content of hexaploid wheat (AABBDD), hexaploid triticale (AABBRR), tetraploid wheat (AABB), and AA, BB, DD genome donors and RR genome rye. Their genome sizes were 34.4 pg, 40.9 pg, 26.2 pg, 12.1 pg, 13.7 pg, 10.5 pg, and 16.9 pg, respectively. The 2C nuclear DNA content of BB genome donor with 13.7 pg was the highest value among the other genome donors, AA or DD. The genome content of tetraploid wheat, unlike hexaploid wheat or hexaploid triticale, was larger than the sum of the genomes of AA and BB genome donors. The DNA content of each chromosome ranged from 1.22 pg in DD genome donor to 2.61 pg in rye. Each chromosome peak was divided into three to four groups. Only one chromosome was included in the highest chromosomal DNA peak in hexaploid wheat, tetraploid wheat, DD genome donor and rye but two chromosomes in AA, BB genome donors, and hexaploid triticale. Correlation between 2C nuclear DNA content and chromosome density volume was the highest value compared with the other chromosomal parameters of chromosome area, or chromosome length.     

心脏保护性药物治疗与外周动脉疾病患者生存率改善相关

目的:研究心脏药物治疗对外周动脉疾病(PAD)患者远期死亡率的影响。背景:PAD与心血管疾病的患病率和死亡率升高相关。治疗指南推荐积极控制危险因素和改善生活方式。然而PAD患者接受心脏药物治疗的潜在获益尚未明确。方法:在此前瞻性队列研究中,入选2420例连续的PAD(踝臂指数≤     

巢蛋白(nestin)在瘢痕疙瘩和增生性瘢痕中的表达

目的探讨巢蛋白（nestin）在瘢痕疙瘩和增生性瘢痕中的表达。方法采用免疫组织化学技术方法检测8例正常皮肤、7例扁平瘢痕、8例瘢痕疙瘩、8例增生性瘢痕中nestin^＋细胞，计数分析nestin^＋细胞在瘢痕疙瘩和增生性瘢痕中的表达。结果①nestin在8例正常皮肤组织中表皮基底细胞和棘细胞、汗腺、毛囊、皮脂腺、血管内皮细胞和7例成纤维细胞的胞浆中表达。nestin在扁平瘢痕、瘢痕疙瘩、增生性瘢痕组织中表皮基底细胞和棘细胞、血管内皮细胞和成纤维细胞的胞浆及残留的汗腺、毛囊、皮脂腺中表达。②瘢痕疙瘩和增生性瘢痕组织中nestin^＋表皮细胞、nestin^＋成纤维细胞和nestin^＋血管内皮细胞的数量明显高于正常皮肤和扁平瘢痕（P〈0．05），而正常皮肤与扁平瘢痕组织中nestin^＋细胞的表达差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论巢蛋白在瘢痕疙瘩和增生性瘢痕表皮、成纤维细胞和血管内皮细胞中表达增高提示瘢痕疙瘩和增生性瘢痕的过度增生可能与巢蛋白相关。     

卵巢恶性生殖细胞肿瘤患者保留生理功能的治疗

卵巢恶性生殖细胞肿瘤多发于青少年,在中国和亚洲其他地区,其发病率远高于西方国家,占全部卵巢恶性肿瘤的5%～20%.卵巢恶性生殖细胞肿瘤主要包括无性细胞瘤、未成熟畸胎瘤、内胚窦瘤、胚胎癌、原发性绒癌以及混合性生殖细胞肿瘤,前三者最常见.由于该疾病大多数生长迅速、恶性程度高、预后差且多发于年轻妇女甚至是幼女而受到临床医生的高度重视.在有效的化疗方法使用前,卵巢内胚窦瘤及未成熟畸胎瘤手术治疗后的存活率仅为7.1%和27%,而且过大的手术范围不仅使患者丧失了生育功能,更因为卵巢的切除而影响第二性征的发育,严重影响患者今后的生存质量.随着联合化疗的应用和不断改进,卵巢恶性生殖细胞肿瘤的存活率逐渐提高,达到87%～97.3%.与卵巢其他恶性肿瘤有所不同的是,该病的治疗方案需根据临床期别、病理组织学特征、患者年龄及生育要求等综合考虑.     

住院糖尿病病人病情分析

目的:通过对近年来我院住院糖尿病病人的资料分析,观察糖尿病转归、并发症的发生率及死亡原因.方法:查阅全院住院糖尿病病人病历,对患者的相关临床资料登记.结果:糖尿病患病率呈逐年增加的趋势,与1993年相比,1997年患病率增加0.5倍,1998年患病率增加1倍,2001年前半年增加2倍.2001年上半年住院糖尿病病人高血压、冠心病和心梗的患病率分别为39.1%,35.2%和6.7%,住院高血压病人糖尿病患病率由1998年的6%增至2001年的9%,住院冠心病病人糖尿病患病率增高约10%(P＜0.01).住院心梗病人糖尿病患病率增高约15%(P＜0.05).近3.5年,有2618例糖尿病病人住院(1.95%),与非糖尿病病人相比,病死率无显著性差异.糖尿病主要死亡原因为感染(41.2%),终末期肾病(39.2%)及癌症(31.4%).由于冠心病及脑血管意外死亡仅为15%及13%,而呼吸道感染(81%)及足感染(63%)为主要死因.结论:近8.5年中,在33 005病人中糖尿病病人逐年增多,特别是在近4年中,提高约2倍.高血压、冠心病及心梗病人糖尿病患病率逐年增高.近3.5年中住院糖尿病病人的死亡主要原因并非是心血管病变,而是感染.糖尿病病人癌症病死率有所增加.提倡早期诊断,早期预防,早期治疗糖尿病,采取健康的生活方式.     

应用避孕套保护喉镜

喉镜是气管插管的必备工具，为在不影响其使用功能的同时避免交叉感染，我科使用避孕套保护喉镜，取得了良好效果。现介绍如下。     

Robot-assisted thoracoscopic brachytherapy for lung cancer: comparison of the ZEUS robot, VATS, and manual seed implantation.

OBJECTIVE: Interstitial brachytherapy is becoming an accepted treatment option for lung cancer patients for whom surgery poses a high risk. Robotic surgery has the potential to deliver brachytherapy seeds into tumors while keeping surgeons at a safe distance from the radioactive source. Our aim was to compare the accuracy, number of attempts, and time needed to place seeds next to a target when using a manual technique, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), and the ZEUS robot for minimally invasive surgery (MIS). METHODS: A brachytherapy seed injector was developed and attached to one of the ZEUS robotic arms. Four subjects each inserted inactive dummy brachytherapy seeds into clear agar-gelatin cubes containing a 1.6-mm stainless steel ball target. Two orthogonal radiographs were taken of each agar cube, and the corresponding distances were measured in triplicate using ImageJ processing software. The mean distance between the center of each seed and the corresponding target was calculated using the Pythagorean theorem. Comparisons were made using analysis of variance, t-tests, and Kruskal-Wallis tests, as appropriate. RESULTS: A total of 384 tests (128 for each technique) were performed. The median accuracies for the manual technique, VATS, and ZEUS were 1.8 mm (range: 0.9-6.7 mm), 2.4 mm (range: 1.0-11.3 mm), and 3.6 mm (range: 1.3-16.7 mm), respectively (p < 0.01). The median numbers of attempts for the manual technique, VATS, and ZEUS were 1 (range: 1-5), 4 (range: 1-14), and 3 (range: 1-20), respectively (p < 0.01). The median times for the manual technique, VATS, and ZEUS were 3.0 s (range: 1-43 s), 86.5 s (range: 6-372 s), and 64.5 s (range: 5-356 s), respectively (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The manual technique is the most accurate, least traumatic, and fastest method of inserting seeds into tumors. The ZEUS robotic platform was able to place seeds beside a target within a clinically acceptable distance, with an acceptable amount of trauma and time required. It achieved results equal to or better than those obtained with VATS.     

Utility of the sural fasciocutaneous flap for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of the distal tibia

Treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of distal tibia is complex. It often requires the association of antibiotic therapy and a surgical procedure. This consists of exhaustive debridement of infected bone and soft tissue which must have adequate cutaneous coverage and vascular supply which enables creating a barrier to microorganisms and greater resistance to infection. Free or pedicled muscular flaps have been the techniques most often used for this type of lesions. Free flaps require a precise microsurgical technique and prolonged surgery. Pedicled muscular flaps do not provide sufficient coverage and vascularisation of the distal tibia for large size defects. The fasciocutaneous flap has been used for the treatment of coverage defects in the perimalleolar area and the heel. We report the utility of this flap as management of chronic osteomyelitis of the distal third of the tibia with complete healing of the infection and correct cutaneous coverage without complications.     

拉萨地区高原肺水肿经颅多普勒21例分析

目的:通过经颅多普勒(TCD)检测,了解高原肺水肿(HAPE)患者颅内脑底动脉环上的主要动脉血流动力学及各血流的生理参数,为高原肺水肿的诊断及治疗提供一些参考.方法:将已确诊的HAPE患者,与颞窗通过低频脉冲多普勒(2MHZ),获得颅内脑底动脉环上的主要动脉的多普勒超声频移信号,进行TCD检测.结果:TCD检测后了解到颅内脑底动脉环上的主要动脉:颈内动脉末梢、大脑中动脉、大脑前动脉血流速度(收缩期血流速度,平均血流速度,舒张末期血流速度)与正常人的TCD测值相比明显增快,但舒张末期血流速度(VE )增快较收缩期血流速度(VP )不明显,故频谱仍为低阻波形,搏动指数(PI)、收缩期血流速度与舒张末期血流速度的比值(S/D)正常,阻力指数有所降低.结论:经TCD检测可知高原肺水肿患者在高原(在低氧环境下),颅内主要脑血管扩张,脑血流量增加即颈内动脉系统的MCA,ACA,PICA血流速度(Vs,Vm,Vd)增快,通过TCD检查可为高原医生早期诊断及治疗提供参考.     

Cemented THR in the treatment of femoral shaft fractures with coexisting osteoarthritis. The report of two cases]

The aim of the study was clinical and X-ray evaluation of two patients treated because of fractures of shaft of femur with coexisting hip joint osteoarthritis with cemented THR. Both patients were treated just after the injury. Reduction of fractures were made to both patients. Stabilization of fracture in one patient was made with metal plate and cables, stabilization with only cables was made to second patient. Exeter THR with standard stem was implanted to first patient, and with long stem to the second one. Both patients have good clinical results - 90 and 92 pts. in Harris Hip Score after 36 and 48 months accordingly. The fracture healed in the first patient. The evidence of fracture healing of the second patient was impossible to examine because of lack of X-ray. Conclusions. 1) The use of THR in the treatment of femoral shaft fractures with coexisting osteoarthritis gives a chance of simultaneous fracture treatment and joint replacement. 2) Fracture stabilization requires the use of metal plates and cables.