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101.
The role of adiposity in the relationship of insulin to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentration was examined in 31 healthy premenopausal women of varying body weight. Fat mass was estimated by hydrostatic weighing. Concentrations of SHBG and testosterone (T) and cumulative insulin response during an oral glucose tolerance test were measured. The cumulative insulin response was inversely related to SHBG (r = -0.56, P less than 0.01). The relationship between SHBG and cumulative insulin response remained significant (r = -0.47, P less than 0.01) after adjusting for fat mass and T. The fat mass correlated significantly with SHBG (r = -0.51, P less than 0.01). The relationship of SHBG to fat mass remained significant after adjusting for T (r = -0.45, P less than 0.01). However, the relationship between fat mass and SHBG was no longer significant (r = -0.34, P greater than 0.05) after adjusting for cumulative insulin response. Hyperinsulinemia may play an important role in the progressive reduction of SHBG observed with increasing adiposity. 相似文献
102.
103.
Daniel K.W. Chu Kenrie P.Y. Hui Haogao Gu Ronald L.W. Ko Pavithra Krishnan Daisy Y.M. Ng Gigi Y.Z. Liu Carrie K.C. Wan Man-Chun Cheung Ka-Chun Ng John M. Nicholls Dominic N.C. Tsang Malik Peiris Michael C.W. Chan Leo L.M. Poon 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(5):1492
We describe an introduction of clade GH severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causing a fourth wave of coronavirus disease in Hong Kong. The virus has an ORF3a-Q57H mutation, causing truncation of ORF3b. This virus evades induction of cytokine, chemokine, and interferon-stimulated gene expression in primary human respiratory cells. 相似文献
104.
Lucas Baumard Zsa Zsa R. M. Weerts Ad A. M. Masclee Daniel Keszthelyi Adina T. Michael-Titus Madusha Peiris 《Nutrients》2021,13(4)
Background: Receptors located on enteroendocrine cells (EECs) of the colon can detect nutrients in the lumen. These receptors regulate appetite through a variety of mechanisms, including hormonal and neuronal signals. We assessed the effect of obesity on the expression of these G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and hormones at both mRNA and protein level. Methods: qPCR and immunohistochemistry were used to examine colonic tissue from cohorts of patients from the Netherlands (proximal and sigmoid tissue) and the United Kingdom (tissue from across the colon) and patients were grouped by body mass index (BMI) value (BMI < 25 and BMI ≥ 25). Results: The mRNA expression of the hormones/signaling molecules serotonin, glucagon, peptide YY (PYY), CCK and somatostatin were not significantly different between BMI groups. GPR40 mRNA expression was significantly increased in sigmoid colon samples in the BMI ≥ 25 group, but not proximal colon. GPR41, GPR109a, GPR43, GPR120, GPRC6A, and CaSR mRNA expression were unaltered between low and high BMI. At the protein level, serotonin and PYY containing cell numbers were similar in high and low BMI groups. Enterochromaffin cells (EC) showed high degree of co-expression with amino acid sensing receptor, CaSR while co-expression with PYY containing L-cells was limited, regardless of BMI. Conclusions: While expression of medium/long chain fatty acid receptor GPR40 was increased in the sigmoid colon of the high BMI group, expression of other nutrient sensing GPCRs, and expression profiles of EECs involved in peripheral mechanisms of appetite regulation were unchanged. Collectively, these data suggest that in human colonic tissue, EEC and nutrient-sensing receptor expression profiles are not affected despite changes to BMI. 相似文献
105.
106.
Background
No country is fully prepared for a 1918-like pandemic influenza. Averting a pandemic of H5N1 influenza virus depends on the successful control of its endemicity, outbreaks in poultry and occasional spillage into human which carries a case-fatality rate of over 50%. The use of perimetric depopulation and vaccination has failed to halt the spread of the epidemic. Blanket vaccination for all poultry over a large geographical area is difficult. A combination of moratorium, segregation of water fowls from chickens and vaccination have been proved to be effective in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) since 2002 despite endemicity and outbreaks in neighbouring regions. Systematic surveillance in southern China showed that ducks and geese are the primary reservoirs which transmit the virus to chickens, minor poultry and even migratory birds. 相似文献107.
108.
Relationship of androgenic activity to splanchnic insulin metabolism and peripheral glucose utilization in premenopausal women 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
A N Peiris R A Mueller M F Struve G A Smith A H Kissebah 《The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism》1987,64(1):162-169
The importance of androgenic activity in mediating the effects of obesity and body fat topography on splanchnic insulin metabolism and peripheral insulin sensitivity was studied in 19 nonhirsute premenopausal women with a wide range of ideal body weight [percent ideal body weight (% IBW), 78-202%] and body fat distribution pattern [waist to hip girth ratio (WHR), 0.67-0.91]. Turnover kinetics of peripheral plasma C-peptide and insulin were measured, and estimates of pancreatic insulin production (PIP) and the hepatic extraction fraction (HEF) were calculated. The peripheral insulin sensitivity index (M/I) was determined during an euglycemic insulin clamp study. Androgenic activity was assessed by estimating the plasma level of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and percentage of free testosterone (% FT). After iv glucose stimulation, PIP ranged from 40-254 mU/min X m2 and correlated highly with % IBW (r = 0.78; P less than 0.01). Insulin HEF ranged from 5-69% of the pancreatic production and was inversely proportional to WHR (r = -0.60; P less than 0.01). Increasing WHR also correlated with the diminution in M/I (r = -0.47; P less than 0.05), which, in turn, correlated with the decline in the HEF of insulin (r = 0.60; P less than 0.01). Since PIP, HEF, and M/I correlated with SHBG and % FT, and since the degree of androgenic activity correlated with % IBW and WHR, partial regression analysis was performed. After adjusting for the effects of SHBG and % FT, the relationship between % IBW and PIP remained unaltered, whereas the correlation between WHR and HEF or M/I and their relationship to each other were either markedly reduced or became insignificant. Thus, in premenopausal women, the increase in pancreatic insulin production with increasing weight is independent of the degree of androgenic activity. On the other hand, the decline in hepatic insulin extraction and diminution in peripheral insulin sensitivity with upper body fat localization are in part mediated by increased androgenic activity. This association may account for the pronounced hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance characteristic of this form of obesity. 相似文献
109.
Casey L. Peiris Nora Shields Natasha K. Brusco Jennifer J. Watts Nicholas F. Taylor 《Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation》2018,99(11):2299-2312
Objective
To update a previous review on whether additional physical therapy services reduce length of stay, improve health outcomes, and are safe and cost-effective for patients with acute or subacute conditions.Data Sources
Electronic database (AMED, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Physiotherapy Evidence Database [PEDro], PubMed) searches were updated from 2010 through June 2017.Study Selection
Randomized controlled trials evaluating additional physical therapy services on patient health outcomes, length of stay, or cost-effectiveness were eligible. Searching identified 1524 potentially relevant articles, of which 11 new articles from 8 new randomized controlled trials with 1563 participants were selected. In total, 24 randomized controlled trials with 3262 participants are included in this review.Data Extraction
Data were extracted using the form used in the original systematic review. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale, and the Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach was applied to each meta-analysis.Data synthesis
Postintervention data were pooled with an inverse variance, random-effects model to calculate standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). There is moderate-quality evidence that additional physical therapy services reduced length of stay by 3 days in subacute settings (mean difference [MD]=–2.8; 95% CI, –4.6 to –0.9; I2=0%), and low-quality evidence that it reduced length of stay by 0.6 days in acute settings (MD=–0.6; 95% CI, –1.1 to 0.0; I2=65%). Additional physical therapy led to small improvements in self-care (SMD=.11; 95% CI, .03–.19; I2=0%), activities of daily living (SMD=.13; 95% CI, .02–.25; I2=15%), and health-related quality of life (SMD=.12; 95% CI, .03–.21; I2=0%), with no increases in adverse events. There was no significant change in walking ability. One trial reported that additional physical therapy was likely to be cost-effective in subacute rehabilitation.Conclusions
Additional physical therapy services improve patient activity and participation outcomes while reducing hospital length of stay for adults. These benefits are likely safe, and there is preliminary evidence to suggest they may be cost-effective. 相似文献110.