甘草葡聚糖的分离纯化与化学结构

从甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch)的稀碱提取液中得到的甘草葡聚糖GBW,是经脱蛋白、透析和沉淀、再经Cellex-D和Sephadex G-100相继柱层析得到的均一组分.它是由单一葡萄糖残基组成,分子量4000,[α]_D²⁸+120°(c0.1,H₂O)。全水解,甲基化反应,过碘酸氧化,Smith降解,部分酸水解,KI—I₂反应,和IR,¹³CNMR揭示了其化学结构为直链的α-D-(1→4)葡聚糖(6)。     

Male and female nurses in intensive-care wards in The Netherlands

This article presents the results of a national survey among intensive-care nurses, establishing whether male nurses and female nurses can be distinguished with respect to issues such as professionalization, career orientation and their preference for technical departments. The study showed that there is an over-representation of men in technical wards. At IC/CC-units the percentage of male nurses is twice as large as in the hospital as a whole (IC/CCU included). The distribution of labour among male and female nurses is taking place according to traditional sex-specific role patterns. Male nurses are more oriented towards professionalization than female nurses. Male IC-nurses see their jobs more in a medical perspective and they also show a higher frequency in the performance of medically reserved activities. Male IC-nurses seem to be particularly directed at upgrading their own profession. The differences between male and female nurses can also be explained by culturally determined differences between men and women regarding their own career perspective and career development, as well as by internal staff policy.     

白木通多糖的研究

用碱液从白木通(Akebia trifoliate)茎中提取所得的粗多糖ATB经DEAE-Celulose及SephadexG-200柱层析后得到一多糖纯品ATBB 2,其分子量为2.3×10⁵。糖组分分析ATBB-2中各糖残基的摩尔比为Rha∶Ara∶Xyl∶Gal∶Glc∶GalA=1.22∶1.00∶1.10∶0.85∶0.24∶0.82。经甲基化,高碘酸氧化,Smith降解,部分酸水解,¹H和¹³CNMR谱的分析揭示ATBB-2是一个结构复杂的杂多糖。     

Is there a threshold level of fetal hemoglobin that ameliorates morbidity in sickle cell anemia?

When the clinical manifestations of 272 patients with sickle cell anemia are compared with their level of fetal hemoglobin (HbF), the results suggest that there may be a threshold above which HbF is effective in ameliorating the morbidity of this disease. The age of entry of these SS patients into the study ranged from birth to 56 yr; the average length of follow-up was 11 yr for a total of 3,011 patient- years of clinic observation. HbF was determined quantitatively by microchromatographic procedures; the mean for HbF was 10% +/- 6% with a range from 2% to 32%. For major organ failure, analyzed as termination events of morbidity, such as stroke or aseptic necrosis, the threshold appears to be 10%, whereas for recurrent clinical events, such as crisis or pulmonary disorders, it is 20%. No linear trend was found between HbF levels and morbidity. If a threshold exists, it is important to recognize this fact when attempts are made to raise the level of HbF in patients with sickle cell disease.