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71.
72.
Abstract: Until recently, little attention has been directed towards the role the toothbrush may play in human health, even though a report of toothbrush as a significant factor in the infection appeared in 1920. It is common knowledge that the human mouth harbours a wide variety of microorganisms, some of which, at any given time, can be assumed to be potential pathogens. This was not known when toothbrushes were originally designed, yet the common toothbrush has been used in basically the same form for about 200 years. In today's world of organ transplantation and alteration of the immune system, it is important to consider the toothbrush as a source of potential pathogens. Given the fact that very often people will traumatize themselves with their toothbrush, this trauma may become a potential portal of entry for organisms. In this article, we have attempted to demonstrate the importance of toothbrush disinfection, given tips on home toothbrush care and hope to motivate the dentists to educate the patients on the importance of toothbrush disinfection. 相似文献
73.
Suzanne AV Van Asten Adam Nichols Javier La Fontaine Kavita Bhavan Edgar JG Peters Lawrence A Lavery 《International wound journal》2017,14(1):40-45
In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of inflammatory markers to diagnose and monitor the treatment of osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot. We evaluated 35 consecutive patients admitted to our hospital with infected foot ulcers. Patients were divided in two groups based on the results of bone culture and histopathology: osteomyelitis and no osteomyelitis. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C‐reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and macrophage inflammatory protein‐1 alpha (MIP1α) were measured at baseline after 3 and 6 weeks of standard therapy. PCT levels in the osteomyelitis group were significantly higher at baseline than in the group with no osteomyelitis (P = 0·049). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the levels of the other markers. CRP, ESR, PCT and IL‐6 levels significantly declined in the group with osteomyelitis after starting therapy, while MCP‐1 increased (P = 0·002). TNFα and MIP1α levels were below range in 80 out of 97 samples and therefore not reported. Our results suggest that PCT might be useful to distinguish osteomyelitis in infected foot ulcers. CRP, ESR, PCT and IL‐6 are valuable when monitoring the effect of therapy. 相似文献
74.
Background:
Cancer fear and fatalism are believed to be higher in ethnic minorities and may contribute to lower engagement with cancer prevention and early detection. We explored the levels of cancer fear and fatalism in six ethnic groups in the United Kingdom and examined the contribution of acculturation and general fatalism.Methods:
A cross-sectional survey of 720 White British, Caribbean, African, Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi women (120 of each) was conducted. Three items assessed cancer fear and two cancer fatalism. Acculturation was assessed using (self-reported) migration status, ability to speak English, and understanding of health leaflets; general fatalism with a standard measure.Results:
Relative to White British women, African and Indian women were more fearful of cancer, Bangladeshi women less fearful, and Pakistani and Caribbean women were similar to White British women. Cancer fatalism was higher in all the ethnic minority groups compared with White British women. Less acculturated women were less likely to worry (ORs 0.21–0.45, all P<0.05) or feel particularly afraid (ORs 0.11–0.31, all P<0.05) but more likely to feel uncomfortable about cancer (ORs 1.97–3.03, all P<0.05). Lower acculturation (ORs 4.30–17.27, P<0.05) and general fatalism (OR 2.29, P<0.05) were associated with the belief that cancer is predetermined.Conclusions:
In general, cancer fear and fatalism are more prevalent among ethnic minority than White British women and even more so in less acculturated ethnic minorities. This may affect their participation in cancer prevention and early detection. 相似文献75.
76.
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78.
Goud PT; Goud AP; Rybouchkin AV; De Sutter P; Dhont M 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(5):1336-1345
Obtaining karyotypes from human spermatozoa after microinjection into
Syrian golden hamster oocytes is difficult and the hitherto reported
results are unsatisfactory. This may be related to the injection and
culture technique or to the high susceptibility of the hamster oocytes to
undergo parthenogenetic activation or both. Therefore, we investigated the
hamster oocyte-human sperm microinjection model using the following two
approaches: (i) application of contemporary techniques for injection
(touching the sperm tail) and culture (hamster embryo culture medium,
HECM-3, 10% CO2) and (ii) omission of Ca2+ from the injection medium. Thus,
in the first series of experiments, 252 hamster oocytes were injected with
human spermatozoa. Among the 219 (87%) oocytes that survived the injection
procedure, the mean percentages of male pronucleus formation [two pronuclei
(2PN), two polar bodies (PB)], mitotic metaphase entry and sperm chromosome
spreads were 41.4, 27.8 and 18.2% respectively. Analysis of the oocytes
which failed to develop the male pronucleus following injection revealed
that most of them had developed only the hamster female PN while the sperm
nuclei were either intact or swollen (partially decondensed), indicating
that failure of oocyte activation was not the likely reason for the failure
of male PN formation in these oocytes. In the next series of experiments,
sibling oocytes were alternately injected with spermatozoa suspended either
in the regular (1.9 mM Ca2+) or Ca2+-free injection medium (experiment set
2, n=278). A significant improvement was noted in the mean percentages of
oocytes with 2PN, 2PB, metaphase entry and sperm chromosome spreads in the
Ca2+-free group versus the regular group (2PN, 2PB: 51 versus 36.6%,
metaphase entry: 36.3 versus 26.9% and sperm chromosome spreads: 28 versus
20.4%; all P < 0.04). Thus, parthenogenetic activation appears to be one
of the contributing factors for the failure of male PN formation after
heterospecific hamster ICSI. From these experiments it can be concluded
that application of the advanced injection and culture techniques and
omission of Ca2+ from the injection medium are promising for the routine
application of the hamster oocyte microinjection for karyotyping of human
spermatozoa with poor fertilizing capacity.
相似文献
79.
Hypoxia induced by low O2 pressure is responsible for several physiological and behavioral alterations. Changes in physiological systems are frequent, including inflammation and psychobiological declines such as mood and cognition worsening, resulting in increased reaction time, difficulty solving problems, reduced memory and concentration. The paper discusses the possible relationship between glutamine supplementation and worsening cognition mediated by inflammation induced by high altitude hypoxia. The paper is a narrative literature review conducted to verify the effects of glutamine supplementation on psychobiological aspects. We searched MEDLINE/PubMed and Web of Science databases and gray literature by Google Scholar for English articles. Mechanistic pathways mediated by glutamine suggest potential positive effects of its supplementation on mood and cognition, mainly its potential effect on inflammation. However, clinical studies are scarce, making any conclusions impossible. Although glutamine plays an important role and seems to mitigate inflammation, clinical studies should test this hypothesis, which will contribute to a better mood and cognition state for several people who suffer from problems mediated by hypoxia. 相似文献
80.
Iuricheva IuA Maĭkov EB Sokolov SF Klimenko IuL Kratskina TL Tarasovskiĭ GS Bil'dinov OA Bakalov SA Golitsyn SP Beloshapko GG Iushmanova AV Rozenshtraukh LV Chazov EI 《Kardiologiia》2011,51(1):55-64
The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of administered intravenously niferidil in doses 10, 20 and 30 mkg per kg in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) and flutter (AFL) for pharmacological cardioversion. The study included 30 patients (22 male) with persistent AF (n = 28) and AFL (n = 2) without structural heart diseases with median arrhythmia duration 6.1 +/- 4.8 months (2 weeks to 24 months). Niferidil was administered as 3 bolus injections (10 mkg per kg each) performed with the interval of 15 minutes. Antiarrhythmic efficacy of niferidil in dose of 10 mkg per kg was 60%, in dose of 20 mkg per kg it was 70%, and in dose of 30 mkg per kg reached 90% prespectively. The part of the patients, in whom QTc prolongation exceeded potentionally dangerous value of 500 mc, was 22.2% (6 of 27). None of the patients developed proarrhythmic side effect as torsade de pointes. 相似文献