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排序方式: 共有458条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
92.
Minimally invasive surgery is gaining popularity around the world because it achieves the same or even superior results when compared to standard surgery but with less morbidity. Minimally invasive breast surgery is a broad concept encompassing new developments in the field of breast surgery that work on this minimally invasive principle. In this regard, breast-conserving surgery and sentinel lymph node biopsy are good illustrations of this concept. There are three major areas of progress in the minimally invasive management of breast disease. First, percutaneous excisional devices are now available that can replace the surgical excision of breast mass lesions. Second, various ablative treatments are capable of destroying breast cancers in situ instead of surgical excision. Third, mammary ductoscopy provides a new approach to the investigation of mammary duct pathology. Clinical experience and potential applications of these new technologies are reviewed. 相似文献
93.
Mutation spectrum and genotype-phenotype analyses in Cowden disease and Bannayan-Zonana syndrome, two hamartoma syndromes with germline PTEN mutation 总被引:22,自引:1,他引:22
Marsh DJ; Coulon V; Lunetta KL; Rocca-Serra P; Dahia PL; Zheng Z; Liaw D; Caron S; Duboue B; Lin AY; Richardson AL; Bonnetblanc JM; Bressieux JM; Cabarrot-Moreau A; Chompret A; Demange L; Eeles RA; Yahanda AM; Fearon ER; Fricker JP; Gorlin RJ; Hodgson SV; Huson S; Lacombe D; Eng C 《Human molecular genetics》1998,7(3):507-515
The tumour suppressor gene PTEN , which maps to 10q23.3 and encodes a 403
amino acid dual specificity phosphatase (protein tyrosine phosphatase;
PTPase), was shown recently to play a broad role in human malignancy.
Somatic PTEN deletions and mutations were observed in sporadic breast,
brain, prostate and kidney cancer cell lines and in several primary tumours
such as endometrial carcinomas, malignant melanoma and thyroid tumours. In
addition, PTEN was identified as the susceptibility gene for two hamartoma
syndromes: Cowden disease (CD; MIM 158350) and Bannayan-Zonana (BZS) or
Ruvalcaba-Riley-Smith syndrome (MIM 153480). Constitutive DNA from 37 CD
families and seven BZS families was screened for germline PTEN mutations.
PTEN mutations were identified in 30 of 37 (81%) CD families, including
missense and nonsense point mutations, deletions, insertions, a
deletion/insertion and splice site mutations. These mutations were
scattered over the entire length of PTEN , with the exception of the first,
fourth and last exons. A 'hot spot' for PTEN mutation in CD was identified
in exon 5 that contains the PTPase core motif, with 13 of 30 (43%) CD
mutations identified in this exon. Seven of 30 (23%) were within the core
motif, the majority (five of seven) of which were missense mutations,
possibly pointing to the functional significance of this region. Germline
PTEN mutations were identified in four of seven (57%) BZS families studied.
Interestingly, none of these mutations was observed in the PTPase core
motif. It is also worthy of note that a single nonsense point mutation,
R233X, was observed in the germline DNA from two unrelated CD families and
one BZS family. Genotype-phenotype studies were not performed on this small
group of BZS families. However, genotype-phenotype analysis inthe group of
CD families revealed two possible associations worthy of follow-up in
independent analyses. The first was an association noted in the group of CD
families with breast disease. A correlation was observed between the
presence/absence of a PTEN mutation and the type of breast involvement
(unaffected versus benign versus malignant). Specifically and more
directly, an association was also observed between the presence of a PTEN
mutation and malignant breast disease. Secondly, there appeared to be an
interdependent association between mutations upstream and within the PTPase
core motif, the core motif containing the majority of missense mutations,
and the involvement of all major organ systems (central nervous system,
thyroid, breast, skin and gastrointestinal tract). However, these
observations would need to be confirmed by studying a larger number of CD
families.
相似文献
94.
95.
96.
PC Ng TF Fok CH Lee KL Cheung CK Li KW So W Wong PMP Yuen 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》1998,87(11):1197-1199
Two cases of homozygous α-thalassaemia who received active treatment in accordance with parental wishes are reported. One infant survived and the other, although successfully weaned off mechanical respiratory support, unexpectedly developed portal vein thrombosis and died. Homozygous a-thalassaemia, a condition previously considered to be universally fatal, and an indication for therapeutic abortion, is now potentially curable with advances in diagnostic technology and treatment. However, active management of these cases raises serious ethical questions and has major financial implications on the health-care system. Invasive prenatal and intensive postnatal interventions should remain experimental and cannot be recommended as routine clinical practice until the questions of long-term neurodevelopmental outcome, and the morbidity and mortality associated with bone-marrow transplantation have been fully addressed. As a result of advances in information technology, more and more parents of affected foetuses are likely to request active treatment. 相似文献
97.
98.
Paget disease of the nipple: radiologic-pathologic correlation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
99.
Leucrose [D-glucosyl-alpha(1----5)-D-fructopyranose] prepared by microbial-enzymatic transglycosidation from sucrose, is the first alpha(1----5)-linked disaccharide which possesses excellent nutritional properties with regard to metabolic utilization and is well tolerated. The aim of the present work was to assess its cariogenic potential. Yeast invertase was shown to be inhibited by leucrose in a noncompetitive way, while hydrogenated leucrose (leucritol) acted as an activator. Plaque polysaccharide forming glucosyltransferases from Streptococcus cricetus AHT were not influenced by leucrose, but by leucritol. Essentially no acid formation was observed after incubation of leucrose with suspensions of human dental plaque, S. mutans NCTC 10449, Lactobacillus casei LSB 132 and Actinomyces viscosus Ny 1 No. 30. Leucrose was a competitive inhibitor of the acid formation from sucrose by S. mutans NCTC 10449 at neutral pH. Furthermore, leucrose inhibited at neutral pH considerably the uptake of sucrose by S. mutans NCTC 10449. The uptake of fructose and maltose was also inhibited but that of glucose not at all. In Cara rats as the animal model, leucrose was compared to sucrose and to corn starch for its cariogenic potential. In sharp contrast to the group fed with 30% sucrose, caries scores of the 30% leucrose group were not significantly different from the starch group. pH telemetry with an indwelling electrode in man proved lueucrose to be 'safe for teeth' since plaque pH did not drop below pH 5.7. Leucrose is a novel noncariogenic disaccharide and thus represents a highly promising sugar substitute for caries prevention. 相似文献
100.
Benzimra RE; Antao AJ; Donovan KL; Williams AJ 《QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians》1998,91(6):417-422
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
(TTP) are conditions in which thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic
haemolytic anaemia are associated with organ damage due to thrombotic
microangiopathy (TMA). The prognosis for adults with HUS is variable, with
some patients presenting with an acute illness from which a full recovery
is made, whilst others develop irreversible renal failure. Evidence of
retinal ischaemia was noted on presentation in a normotensive patient with
irreversible renal failure due to HUS. This study examined prospectively
the optic fundi of all patients who subsequently presented to a single
adult renal unit (catchment population approximately 700,000) with HUS.
Eleven patients presented with HUS over 12 years (1985-1997). Six patients
with irreversible renal failure had retinal abnormalities either at the
time or within a few days of initial presentation. The other five patients
whose renal function recovered did not develop retinal changes during the
course of their illness. Retinal ischaemia associated with TMA is a poor
prognostic sign in adults with HUS.
相似文献