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31.
Musa Ibrahim Adamu Ladan Mu’azu Nura Idris Musa Uba Rabiu Binta Wudil Jibir Kabir Ibrahim Getso Mohammad Aminu Mohammad Femi Luqman Owolabi 《African Journal of Paediatric Surgery》2015,12(1):23-28
Background:
Childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) has high rate of mortality and morbidity worldwide. There are dearths of reports from developing countries with large paediatric population on trauma; neurosurgery trauma of nonaccidental origin is not an exemption. This study analysed menace of non-accidental TBI in the paediatric population from our center.Materials and Methods:
This is a single unit, retrospective study of the epidemiology of non-accidental TBI in children starting from September, 2008 to March, 2014. The management outcomes of the epidemiology of the non-accidental TBI were analysed.Results:
Total of 109 children age range from 0 (intra-natal) to 16 years with a mean of 5.8 ± 4.6 years (median, 5 years) were enrolled into the study. 34 (31.2%) were domestic violence, 26 (23.9%) street assaults, 16 (14.7%) were due to animal assaults and mishaps, 17 (15.6%) fall from heights. Seven (6.4%) cases of collapsed buildings were also seen during the period. Four (3.7%) industrial accidents and two (1.8%) were self-inflicted injuries. There were also three (2.8%) cases of iatrogenic TBI out of which two infants (1.8%) sustained TBI from cesarean section procedure while one patient (0.9%) under general anaesthesia felt from the operation bed resulting to severe TBI.Conclusion:
Child abuse, unprotected child labour, parental/care-givers negligence are the main cause of nonaccidental TBI. Human right activists and government agents should be incorporated in curtailing the menace. 相似文献32.
33.
Hamady Dieng Rahimah Binti Hassan Ahmad Abu Hassan Idris Abd Ghani Fatimah Bt Abang Tomomitsu Satho Fumio Miake Hamdan Ahmad Yuki Fukumitsu Nur Aida Hashim Wan Fatma Zuharah Nur Faeza Abu Kassim Abdul Hafiz Ab Majid Rekha Selvarajoo Cirilo Nolasco-Hipolito Olaide Olawunmi Ajibola Andrew Alek Tuen 《Acta tropica》2015
Even with continuous vector control, dengue is still a growing threat to public health in Southeast Asia. Main causes comprise difficulties in identifying productive breeding sites and inappropriate targeted chemical interventions. In this region, rural families keep live birds in backyards and dengue mosquitoes have been reported in containers in the cages. To focus on this particular breeding site, we examined the capacity of bird fecal matter (BFM) from the spotted dove, to support Aedes albopictus larval growth. The impact of BFM larval uptake on some adult fitness traits influencing vectorial capacity was also investigated. In serial bioassays involving a high and low larval density (HD and LD), BFM and larval standard food (LSF) affected differently larval development. At HD, development was longer in the BFM environment. There were no appreciable mortality differences between the two treatments, which resulted in similar pupation and adult emergence successes. BFM treatment produced a better gender balance. There were comparable levels of blood uptake and egg production in BFM and LSF females at LD; that was not the case for the HD one, which resulted in bigger adults. BFM and LSF females displayed equivalent lifespans; in males, this parameter was shorter in those derived from the BFM/LD treatment. Taken together these results suggest that bird defecations successfully support the development of Ae. albopictus. Due to their cryptic aspects, containers used to supply water to encaged birds may not have been targeted by chemical interventions. 相似文献
34.
The relationship between blood pressure (BP) and coffee is of major interest given its widespread consumption and the public health burden of high BP. Yet, there is no specific recommendation regarding coffee intake in existing hypertension guidelines. The lack of a definitive understanding of the BP-coffee relationship is partially attributable to issues that we discuss in this review, issues such as acute vs. chronic effects, genetic and smoking effect modifications, and coffee vs. caffeine effects. We also present evidence from meta-analyses of studies on the association of BP with coffee intake. The scope of this review is limited to the latest advances published with a specific focus on caffeine, acknowledging that caffeine is only one among numerous components in coffee that may influence BP. Finally, considering the state of the research, we propose a mechanism by which the CYP1A2 gene and enzyme influence BP via inhibition of the adenosine receptor differentially in smokers and non-smokers. 相似文献
35.
Hamady Dieng Sudha Rajasaygar Abu Hassan Ahmad Che Salmah Md. Rawi Hamdan Ahmad Tomomitsu Satho Fumio Miake Wan Fatma Zuharah Yuki Fukumitsu Ahmad Ramli Saad Suhaila Abdul Hamid Ronald Enrique Morales Vargas Abdul Hafiz Ab Majid Nik Fadzly Nur Faeza Abu Kassim Nur Aida Hashim Idris Abd Ghani Fatimah Bt Abang Sazaly AbuBakar 《Acta tropica》2014
Despite major insecticide-based vector control programs, dengue continues to be a major threat to public health in urban areas. The reasons for this failure include the emergence of insecticide resistance and the narrowing of the spectrum of efficient products. Cigarette butts (CBs), the most commonly discarded piece of waste, also represent a major health hazard to human and animal life. CBs are impregnated with thousands of chemical compounds, many of which are highly toxic and none of which has history of resistance in mosquitoes. This study was performed to examine whether exposure to CB alters various biological parameters of parents and their progeny. We examined whether the mosquito changes its ovipositional behaviors, egg hatching, reproductive capacity, longevity and fecundity in response to CB exposure at three different concentrations. Females tended to prefer microcosms containing CBs for egg deposition than those with water only. There were equivalent rates of eclosion success among larvae from eggs that matured in CB and water environments. We also observed decreased life span among adults that survived CB exposure. Extracts of CB waste have detrimental effects on the fecundity and longevity of its offspring, while being attractive to its gravid females. These results altogether indicate that CB waste indirectly affect key adult life traits of Aedes aegypti and could conceivably be developed as a novel dengue vector control strategy, referring to previously documented direct toxicity on the larval stage. But this will require further research on CB waste effects on non-target organisms including humans. 相似文献
36.
Towards eradicating antibiotic-resistant bacteria: synthesis and antibacterial activities of substituted N-(2-nitrophenyl)pyrrolidine- and piperidine-2-carboxylic acids 下载免费PDF全文
Jocelyn A. Odusami Monisola I. Ikhile Marthe C. D. Fotsing Idris A. Olasupo Josephat U. Izunobi Elizabeth O. Bamgbade Thierry Y. Fonkui 《中国药学》2019,28(10):704-715
Antibacterial resistance is a source of great concern in the effective prevention and treatment of infections caused by bacteria, making the development of requisite therapeutics a major challenge. N-(Nitrophenyl)cycloamino acids are important compounds in the synthesis of poly-condensed nitrogen-containing heterocycles with marked activities in many biological systems. A series of substituted N-(o-nitrophenyl)cycloamino-2-carboxylic acids 3a–3g were synthesized via the condensation reaction of substituted o-halogenonitrobenzenes with L-proline 2a and D,L-pipecolinic acid 2b, under refluxing alcoholic basic conditions in excellent yields. The synthesized compounds were characterised by FT-IR, (1H & 13C) NMR, UV-Vis, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Their antibacterial activities were evaluated against five Gram-positive and five Gram-negative bacterial strains using the broth micro-dilution procedure. The antibacterial activities of the synthesized compounds were compared with streptomycin and nalidixic acid as standard antibiotic drugs. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of compounds 3a–3g revealed good antibacterial activities against the tested microorganisms. Compounds 3a–3g were more potent than nalidixic acid against Enterococcus faecalis, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris and also more potent than streptomycin against Enterobacter cloacae and Staphylococcus aureus. Compounds 3a, 3c and 3g displayed the highest antibacterial potency with an MIC value of 15.6 μg/mL against E. cloacae, E. faecalis and P. mirabilis, respectively. These results indicated that these aryl cycloamino acids with antibacterial activities had potential applications as substitutes for antimicrobial peptide antibiotics, which are not susceptible to bacterial resistance, to solve the problem of drug resistance. 相似文献
37.
38.
Background
Critically-ill trauma patients have a high mortality.Objective
To study the factors affecting the mortality of ICU trauma patients treated at Al-Ain Hospital, United Arab Emirates (UAE).Methods
All trauma patients who were admitted to the ICU were prospectively collected over three years (2003–2006). Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to compare patients who died and who did not. Gender, age, nationality, mechanism of injury, systolic blood pressure and GCS on arrival, the need for ventilation, presence of head or chest injuries, AIS for the chest and head injuries and the ISS were studied.Results
There were 202 patients (181 males). The most common mechanism of injury was road traffic collisions (72.3 %). The overall mortality was 13.9%. A direct logistic regression model has shown that factors that affected mortality were decreased GCS (p < 0.0001), mechanism of injury (p = 0.004) with burns having the highest mortality, increased age (p = 0.004), and increased ISS (p = 0.02). The best GCS that predicted mortality was 5.5 while the best ISS that predicted mortality was 13.5.Conclusion
Road traffic collision is the most common cause of serious trauma in UAE followed by falls. Decreased GCS was the most significant factor that predicted mortality in the ICU trauma patients. 相似文献39.
Jamaludin Mohamed Saw Wuan Shing Muhd Hanis Md Idris Siti Balkis Budin Satirah Zainalabidin 《Clinics (S?o Paulo, Brazil)》2013,68(10):1358-1363
OBJECTIVES:
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of aqueous extracts of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L. UKMR-2) against red blood cell (RBC) membrane oxidative stress in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.METHODS:
Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 230-250 g were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 rats each): control group (N), roselle-treated control group, diabetic group, and roselle-treated diabetic group. Roselle was administered by force-feeding with aqueous extracts of roselle (100 mg/kg body weight) for 28 days.RESULTS:
The results demonstrated that the malondialdehyde levels of the red blood cell membranes in the diabetic group were significantly higher than the levels in the roselle-treated control and roselle-treated diabetic groups. The protein carbonyl level was significantly higher in the roselle-treated diabetic group than in the roselle-treated control group but lower than that in the diabetic group. A significant increase in the red blood cell membrane superoxide dismutase enzyme was found in roselle-treated diabetic rats compared with roselle-treated control rats and diabetic rats. The total protein level of the red blood cell membrane, osmotic fragility, and red blood cell morphology were maintained.CONCLUSION:
The present study demonstrates that aqueous extracts of roselle possess a protective effect against red blood cell membrane oxidative stress in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. These data suggest that roselle can be used as a natural antioxidative supplement in the prevention of oxidative damage in diabetic patients. 相似文献40.
Esra PAMUK?U GüVEN Mehmet Emir YALVA? Mehmet Baybora KAYAHAN Hakk? SUNAY Fikrettin ?AH?N Gündüz BAYIRLI 《Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB》2013,21(4):351-357