基于简易反向滤波跟踪算法分析松质骨的微结构特征

平均散射元间距（MSS）已被众多研究者用于分析准规则组织的微结构特征，平均骨小梁间距（MTBS）是诊断骨质疏松症的重要参数之一。本研究提出一种基于简易反向滤波跟踪（SIFT）的算法，用于估计平均骨小梁间距。对计算机仿真信号和离体牛胫骨松质骨的超声背散射信号分别进行分析处理。实验结果表明，SIFT算法能简单而有效地减小测量系统和传播介质特性的干扰，并且在较强噪声存在的情况下，SIFT算法比AR倒谱法的估计结果更为精确。因此，SIFT算法可用于估计平均骨小梁间距，从而反映松质骨的微结构特征。     

S-100B、NSE和MBP对急性脑出血预后的临床评估

目的:研究脑出血后血清S-100B蛋白、神经特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)和碱性髓鞘蛋白 (MBP)浓度在预后评估中的价值。方法:对40例急性脑出血住院病人在病后72 h内进行血清S- 100B、NSE和MBP浓度检测,并结合格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GOS)评分进行比较分析。结果:本组40例病人脑出血后血清S-100B、NSE和MBP浓度均显著高于正常对照组,而且病人中不同预后组之间S- 100B、NSE和MBP浓度存在显著差异。分别以脑出血后72 h血清S-100B浓度2．0μg／L,NSE浓度 30μg／ml和MBP浓度10 μg／ml为临界标准评估顶后,S-100B的特异度为91％,敏感度为72％;NSE 特异度为77％,敏感度为67％;MBP特异度为63％,敏感度为61％。结论:脑出血后血清S-100B蛋白、NSE和MBP浓度对评估脑出血病人预后具有较高的特异性和敏感性。     

Methylprednisolone differentially regulates IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) production during murine endotoxaemia

IL-10 is an endogenous antiinflammatory cytokine that inhibits TNF biosynthesis and protects mice from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lethality. As synthetic glucocorticoids are widely used as antiinflammatory agents, we analysed the effects of methylprednisolone administration on IL-10 biosynthesis during murine endotoxaemia. We found that low doses of methylprednisolone (2–10 mg/kg) markedly inhibited TNF production but did not affect serum levels of IL-10, while a high methylprednisolone dose (50 mg/kg) increased LPS-induced IL-10 levels. In parallel, we observed that LPS-induced IL-10 production is TNF-independent in this experimental setting. Experiments conducted in vitro indicated that methylprednisolone (from 0·01 to 100 μg/ml) also increased the biosynthesis of IL-10 by LPS-activated mouse peritoneal macrophages. We conclude that methylprednisolone differentially regulates IL-10 and TNF production induced by LPS both in vivo and in vitro at the macrophage level.     

雌激素受体β基因Rsa I和A／uI多态性与原因不明月经过少的关系

目的探讨西南地区雌激素受体β（estrogen receptor β，ERβ）基因多态性与原因不明月经过少的关系。方法用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法，对西南地区100例原因不明月经过少患者和100名月经正常者ERβ基因RsaI和AluI多态性进行分析。结果R等位基因频率患者组为37．5％，正常对照组为48．5％（比值比值：0．64，95％CI：0．42～0．97，P=0．026）。患者组A等位基因频率为18．0％，正常对照组为11．5％（比值比值：1．69，95％CI：0．93～3．09，P=0．07）；RsaI和A／uI限制性片段长度多态性在两组中均呈多态性分布。结论ERβ基因多态性与原因不明月经过少有关，R等位基因可能是其保护因素，A等位基因可能是其危险因素。     

Isotypic analysis of maternally transmitted Plasmodium falciparum-specific antibodies in Cameroon, and relationship with risk of P. falciparum infection

In malaria-endemic areas, infants are relatively protected against malaria infection. Such protection is though to be related principally to the transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies. We measured total and Plasmodium falciparum-specific IgG (including subclasses), IgM, and IgE antibodies in 154 paired maternal-cord serum samples from an area of meso- to hyperendemic malaria in South Cameroon. Among peripheral mother blood samples, total IgG and IgM were detected in all samples, IgE in all but two. Plasmodium falciparum-specific IgG were detected in all serum samples, IgM and IgE in < 75% of samples. The prevalence rates of anti-P. falciparum IgG subclasses varied from 75% to 97%. With the exception of P. falciparum-sptcifxc IgG, all antibody class and subclass levels were lower in cord blood than in peripheral mother blood. Plasmodium falciparum-spccific IgGl and IgG3 isotypes were transferred to the offspring more often and more efficiently than IgG2 and IgG4. The detection of total and P. falciparum-specific IgM and IgE in some cord serum samples demonstrated that fetuses can mount humoral response against malaria parasites. We also determined whether transplacentally acquired antibodies protect against malaria infection by relating the antibody levels at birth to the risk of acquiring P. falciparum infection during the first 6 months of life. Among various classes and subclasses of P. falciparum-spccific antibodies, only IgG2 were related to a decrease in the risk of acquiring a P. falciparum peripheral blood infection from birth to 6 months of age.     

胃癌组织中错配修复基因hMSH2 mRNA的表达

目的 :研究hMSH2mRNA在胃癌、癌旁及正常胃粘膜组织中的表达。方法 :应用原位杂交技术 ,检测了2 7例胃癌、10例癌旁组织和 19例正常胃粘膜组织中hMSH2mRNA的表达。计数阳性细胞数。结果 :胃癌、癌旁组织与正常胃粘膜组织hMSH2mRNA原位杂交阳性率分别为 74 1% ,6 0 0 % ,6 8 4%。胃癌杂交阳性细胞数 (42 1±2 5 9) ,较癌旁 (99 7± 16 8)与正常组织 (175 8± 2 6 4)显著减少 (P <0 0 1) ;不同临床分期胃癌组织间阳性细胞数差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :DNA错配修复基因hMSH2mRNA低表达可能导致基因组不稳定性进而诱发肿瘤     

Arg485Lys polymorphism of factor Ⅴ increases the risk of coronary artery disease in a Chinese population

Objective To explore the relationship between genetic variation in coagulation factor Ⅴ a nd the occurrence of coronary arterial disease (CAD). Methods Unrelated 86 patients with CAD and 102 healthy controls were analyzed by polymer ase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) to detec t variations in the entire twenty-five exons of the factor Ⅴ gene.Results Polymorphisms in exon 4 ［642 G→T (Ser156)］, exon 10 ［1628 G→A (Arg485Lys)］ , exon 13 ［4070 A→G (His1299Arg)］ and exon 16 ［5380 G→A (Val1736Met)］ were documented.The study also identified a novel polymorphism in exon 2 (327 A→G ) which did not result in amino acid residue substitution.The Leiden mutation (Arg506Gln) was not detected in any of our 188 subjects.Among the 5 polymorphi sms, the allele frequency of 1628 G→A was significantly different between CAD p atients and controls (0.69 vs 0.81, x(2) =6.908, P&lt;0.01).This is the f irst report of this finding in a Chinese population.Conclusion 1628 G→A polymorphism is associated with CAD and it may be a risk factor for CA D morbidity in the Chinese population.     

膜肺在小儿先天性心脏病体外转流中的应用

目的：引进国产膜肺在小儿先天性心脏病直视手术体外循环转流中应用技术。方法：将膜肺应用技术用于42例患儿。结果：42例患儿全部获得成功。体外转流中预充量小,气体交换良好,血气正常。术后无肺（PumpLung)等组织器官的并发症。提示：该技术提高了小儿,特别是婴幼儿先天性心脏病直视手术成活率,对减轻病人经济负担也有着重要作用。     

鸦胆子苦醇通过Nrf2/HO-1通路诱导细胞铁死亡抑制胃癌细胞HGC-27增殖

目的 观察鸦胆子苦醇对人胃癌HGC-27细胞增殖的影响及其作用机制。方法 采用细胞增殖与活性检测法（CCK-8）检测不同浓度鸦胆子苦醇对HGC-27细胞增殖的影响;鸦胆子苦醇（7.5、15、30 μmol·L^-1）作用于HGC-27细胞24 h,分析细胞克隆形成情况;活性氧荧光探针（DCFH-DA）检测细胞内活性氧（ROS）水平,脂质过氧化荧光探针（C11-BODIPY）检测细胞内脂质过氧化水平,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（Real-time PCR）和蛋白免疫印迹法（Western blot）分别检测胱氨酸/谷氨酸逆向转运蛋白溶质载体家族7成员11（SLC7A11）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4（GPX4）、胱氨酸/谷氨酸逆向转运蛋白溶质载体家族40成员1（SLC40A1）、转铁蛋白（TRF）、核因子E₂相关因子2（Nrf2）、血红素加氧酶-1（HO-1） mRNA水平和蛋白表达情况。结果 与空白组比较,随鸦胆子苦醇药物浓度增大,HGC-27细胞存活率逐渐降低,其半数抑制浓度（IC₅₀）为15.34 μmol·L^-1;鸦胆子苦醇组（7.5、15、30 μmol·L^-1）细胞克隆形成明显减少（P<0.05,P<0.01）,呈现浓度依赖性。与空白组比较,鸦胆子苦醇组（7.5、15、30 μmol·L^-1）细胞内ROS,脂质过氧化水平,细胞内铁离子浓度及细胞乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）泄漏均明显升高（P<0.05,P<0.01）,呈现浓度依赖性。与空白组比较,鸦胆子苦醇组（15、30 μmol·L^-1）SLC7A11、GPX4、SLC40A1的mRNA水平和蛋白表达明显降低（P<0.05,P<0.01）,TRF mRNA水平及蛋白表达明显升高（P<0.05,P<0.01）,且呈浓度依赖性。与空白组比较,鸦胆子苦醇组（15、30 μmol·L^-1）Nrf2和HO-1 mRNA水平和蛋白表达明显降低（P<0.05,P<0.01）,且呈浓度依赖性。结论 鸦胆子苦醇可能通过抑制Nrf2/HO-1通路诱导铁死亡抑制HGC-27细胞增殖。