全文获取类型
收费全文 | 282篇 |
免费 | 31篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 3篇 |
儿科学 | 6篇 |
妇产科学 | 2篇 |
基础医学 | 86篇 |
口腔科学 | 1篇 |
临床医学 | 30篇 |
内科学 | 85篇 |
神经病学 | 24篇 |
特种医学 | 11篇 |
外科学 | 38篇 |
预防医学 | 6篇 |
眼科学 | 1篇 |
药学 | 9篇 |
肿瘤学 | 11篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 2篇 |
2018年 | 5篇 |
2017年 | 2篇 |
2016年 | 2篇 |
2015年 | 3篇 |
2014年 | 2篇 |
2013年 | 9篇 |
2012年 | 20篇 |
2011年 | 18篇 |
2010年 | 7篇 |
2009年 | 15篇 |
2008年 | 17篇 |
2007年 | 21篇 |
2006年 | 10篇 |
2005年 | 19篇 |
2004年 | 13篇 |
2003年 | 14篇 |
2002年 | 21篇 |
2001年 | 15篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有313条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
291.
Karjalainen J Hulkkonen J Pessi T Huhtala H Nieminen MM Aromaa A Klaukka T Hurme M 《The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology》2002,110(3):429-434
BACKGROUND: The skin prick test is used to examine specific IgE-mediated allergic responses. Generally, results accord well with anamnestic information on atopy. Several genetic factors probably affect the strength of allergen-mediated skin test reactions. OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate skin test findings in a population-based sample of adult asthmatic patients and control subjects and to establish whether the IL1A genotype affects allergy testing. METHODS: We analyzed the single G-to-T base exchange polymorphism in exon 5 at +4845 of the gene encoding IL-1alpha (IL1A) in adult asthmatic patients (n = 245) and nonasthmatic control subjects (n = 405). The data were assessed for correlation with data on the skin test responses of these subjects to 22 common allergens. RESULTS: The IL1A genotype distribution and allele frequencies proved similar in patients and control subjects. Surprisingly, the IL1A genotype distribution was markedly different in control subjects with positive (ie, >/=1 positive reaction) and negative skin test responses (P =.006). This difference was caused by an increase in the frequency of the rarer allele 2 in control subjects with negative skin test responses (P =.004). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that the IL1 gene complex is involved in the regulation of IgE-mediated atopic reactions. The results suggest that skin test responses to specific allergens are differently regulated in nonasthmatic and asthmatic subjects. Because of the potential role of the IL1A genotype as a confounding factor in skin prick testing, these results require special attention and should be further evaluated in other clinical settings. 相似文献
292.
Maija Heiro Hans Helenius Saija Hurme Timo Savunen Kaj Metsärinne Erik Engblom Jukka Nikoskelainen Pirkko Kotilainen 《BMC infectious diseases》2008,8(1):49
Background
Only a few previous studies have focused on the long-term prognosis of the patients with infective endocarditis (IE). Our purpose was to delineate factors potentially associated with the long-term outcome of IE, recurrences of IE and requirement for late valve surgery. 相似文献293.
Pertovaara M Hurme M Antonen J Pasternack A Pandey JP 《The Journal of rheumatology》2004,31(11):2175-2180
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether polymorphism of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes affects susceptibility to or severity of primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS). METHODS: Ig gene kappa (KM) and gamma (GM) polymorphisms were analyzed by a polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) based method in 65 Finnish Caucasian patients with pSS and in 66 healthy controls matched for sex, ethnic origin, and area of residence. Clinical and immunological data on the pSS patients were analyzed in relation to Ig genotypes. RESULTS: The genotype frequencies of Ig KM and GM genes did not differ between pSS patients and controls. Anti-SSB antibodies were encountered significantly more frequently in pSS patients carrying the KM1 allele than in those without (100% vs 48%, p = 0.016). The pSS patients with the KM1 allele had several signs of immunologically active disease: they had significantly higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum IgA, serum beta2-microglobulin (beta2-m), and plasma IgG1 concentrations than patients without this allele. The pSS patients carrying the GM z allele had a milder form of pSS than those without this determinant. They had less severe labial salivary gland histological findings (grade 3-4 in 60% vs 93%, p = 0.004) and lower plasma IgG3 and serum beta2-m concentrations than those without GM z allele. CONCLUSIONS: Ig KM and GM genes do not contribute to susceptibility to pSS. The Ig KM1 allele is associated with several markers of immunologically active disease, whereas the Ig GM z allele is associated with milder pSS. 相似文献
294.
Aittoniemi J Fan YM Laaksonen R Janatuinen T Vesalainen R Nuutila P Knuuti J Hulkkonen J Hurme M Lehtimäki T 《International journal of cardiology》2004,97(2):317-318
Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a serum acute-phase protein and a complement component secreted by the liver. Its deficiency caused by point mutations in the MBL gene has recently been associated with severe atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of MBL variant alleles on coronary artery reactivity, which is an early marker of coronary dysfunction and predicts the development of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. The study population consisted of 51 apparently healthy, normo- or mildly hypercholesterolemic young men. Myocardial blood flow was measured at baseline and during adenosine-induced hyperemia with positron emission tomography (PET), and MBL genotyping was performed using restriction fragment-length polymorphism. As a result, MBL variant alleles had no effect on coronary artery reactivity. This finding suggests that MBL deficiency is not an independent risk factor for coronary dysfunction and early atherogenic changes but rather a co-factor in the development of atherosclerosis. Thus, the connection of MBL variant alleles with environmental risk factors in atherosclerosis should further be assessed. 相似文献
295.
Interleukin-6 modulates plasma cholesterol and C-reactive protein concentrations in nonagenarians 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lehtimäki T Ojala P Rontu R Goebeler S Karhunen PJ Jylhä M Mattila K Metso S Jokela H Nikkilä M Wuolijoki E Hervonen A Hurme M 《Journal of the American Geriatrics Society》2005,53(9):1552-1558
OBJECTIVES: To establish whether the relationship between interleukin-6 (IL-6) and plasma lipid and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations is different in Finnish nonagenarians than in middle-aged subjects with lower inflammatory status. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Observational cohort study concentrating on the oldest old. PARTICIPANTS: Nonagenarians (n=291, mean age+/-standard deviation 90+/-1; 68 men, 223 women) who lived in the Tampere municipality in southern Finland and a middle-aged control population from the same area (n=227, aged 44+/-8). MEASUREMENTS: Plasma high sensitive CRP and lipid concentrations were analyzed using an automatic analyzer and IL-6 levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Plasma concentrations of IL-6 (4.39+/-5.25 vs 1.88+/-1.98 pg/mL) and CRP (3.54+/-4.98 vs 1.53+/-1.91 mg/L) were significantly higher in nonagenarians than in middle-aged subjects (P<.001). In nonagenarians, plasma CRP levels increased (P<.001) and plasma total cholesterol (P=.006), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=.02), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=.002) levels decreased according to IL-6 quartiles. In middle-aged subjects, similar associations were not found. CONCLUSION: The relationship between IL-6 and plasma CRP and cholesterol levels in nonagenarians with enhanced systemic inflammation differs from that of middle-aged subjects. 相似文献
296.
Interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with recent tonic-clonic seizures 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
Peltola J Palmio J Korhonen L Suhonen J Miettinen A Hurme M Lindholm D Keränen T 《Epilepsy research》2000,41(3):205-211
We have previously reported increased concentrations of interleukin (1L)-6 in CSF from patients with tonic-clonic seizures, where increased cytokine production most likely is a consequence of neuronal epileptic activity associated with seizures. The biological effects of IL-6 are mediated by other cytokines, which are studied here in addition to IL-6. The purpose of this study was to analyze levels of soluble cytokines from plasma and CSF from patients with newly developed tonic-clonic seizures. The concentrations of IL-6, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNFalpha) and nerve growth factor (NGF) were measured from plasma and CSF from 22 patients with newly developed tonic-clonic seizures within 24 h from the seizure and 18 controls. The mean concentrations of IL-6 were significantly increased in CSF (P<0.001) and plasma (P<0.01) after tonic-clonic seizures, there was some indication of increased concentrations of IL-1RA and no significant change in NGF, IL-1beta or TNFalpha. Our study shows that cytokine network is activated in patients after recent tonic-clonic seizures. We provide evidence of intrathecal production of IL-6 associated with electrical seizure activity. 相似文献
297.
Skari H Bjornland K Frenckner B Friberg LG Heikkinen M Hurme T Loe B Mollerlokken G Nielsen OH Qvist N Rintala R Sandgren K Wester T Emblem R 《Journal of pediatric surgery》2002,37(9):1269-1275
Background/Purpose: There is a lack of large contemporary studies on the management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), and the prediction of mortality remains difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of perinatal factors on mortality rate in a contemporary multicenter study. Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study. Twelve of 13 Scandinavian pediatric surgical centers participated in the study. During a 4-year period (1995 through 1998) 195 children with CDH were included. The main endpoints were hospital mortality rate and total mortality rate (before 2001). Bivariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier plots, Log-rank test, and Cox regression. Results: Overall hospital mortality rate was 30%. Among 168 neonates with symptoms within 24 hours (early presenters) 35% died before discharge. All 61 deaths occurred in 157 neonates with symptoms within the first 2 hours of life. Among early presenters, 27% had prenatal ultrasound diagnosis, 26% were delivered by cesarean section, and 21% had associated major malformations. Bivariate analysis of early presenters showed increased risk of death in neonates with prenatal diagnosis, associated anomalies, right-sided diaphragmatic hernia (RCDH), low 1-minute and 5-minute Apgar scores, low birth weight, short gestational age, and cesarean delivery. Neonates with prenatal diagnosis were characterized by significantly lower Apgar scores, lower birth weight, and increased frequency of associated anomalies than those diagnosed after birth. Multivariate analysis found that prenatal diagnosis (P = .004), 1-minute Apgar (P = .001), and RCDH (P = .042) were independent predictors of total mortality rate. Conclusions: In a series of 195 CDH patients, all 61 deaths occurred in the 157 neonates presenting with symptoms within the first 2 hours of life. Prenatal diagnosis, 1-minute Apgar score, and RCDH were significant independent predictors of total mortality. J Pediatr Surg 37:1269-1275. 相似文献
298.
299.
300.
Autoimmunity and atherosclerosis: functional polymorphism of PTPN22 is associated with phenotypes related to the risk of atherosclerosis. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Clinical and experimental immunology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Pertovaara M Raitala A Juonala M Kähönen M Lehtimäki T Viikari JS Raitakari OT Hurme M 《Clinical and experimental immunology》2007,147(2):265-269
There is a growing body of evidence attesting the significance of inflammation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Protein tyrosine phosphate PTPN22 C/T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at + 1858 has been identified recently as a susceptibility factor for various inflammatory autoimmune diseases. We hypothesized that data on the genetic polymorphism of the PTPN22 enzyme associated with an increased risk of autoimmunity could also provide insight into the possible role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Therefore we analysed the PTPN22 + 1858 C/T polymorphism in a population of young Finnish adults (n = 2268) for whom data on carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), a presymptomatic predictor of atherosclerosis, and risk factors for atherosclerosis were available. In males carriage of the T allele of PTPN22 + 1858 was associated significantly with IMT in univariate and multivariate analyses, while in females it was associated with several risk factors for atherosclerosis (BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, serum concentrations of C-reactive protein and triglycerides) but not with IMT. Our results indicate that the genetic polymorphism of PTPN22 + 1858 known to predispose to autoimmunity also enhances the development of atherosclerosis and thereby links the genetics of autoimmunity and atherosclerosis. 相似文献