Lanthanum chloride or citrate is absorbed mainly via M cells in gastrointestinal tracts with lanthanum phosphates as the transformed species

本工作以氯化镧(LaCl₃)和柠檬酸镧(LaCit)为代表性化合物, 对稀土在消化道内的物种存在形式及吸收转运机制进行了研究和探讨。研究采用了人工胃液和肠液模拟体内消化道环境。电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)检测结果表明, 大于99.9%的La发生了沉淀。散射光粒度(DLS)分析结果显示, 这些微粒的平均粒径由200 nm (孵育2 h)增大到600 nm左右(孵育24 h), 这表明微粒之间发生了聚集。傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)研究表明, 稀土微粒的主要成分为稀土磷酸盐。为研究稀土在肠道中的吸收转运机制, 以LaCit (2或100 mg/kg/day)对小鼠灌胃给药7天, 取小肠的普通肠段和派氏结进行了ICP-MS分析。派氏结中的La含量明显高于普通肠段, 这提示稀土微粒可能主要由派氏结上淋巴滤泡上皮中的M细胞吞噬转运。此外, 建立了Caco-2细胞单培养模型和 Caco-2/Raji B 细胞共培养模型分别模拟小肠上皮和滤泡上皮。结果显示, Caco-2/Raji B 细胞共培养模型转运的La含量显著高于Caco-2细胞单培养模型(大约60倍左右), 且 Caco-2 细胞单层透过的镧的量极低, 这说明M细胞是吸收转运磷酸镧的主要途径。以上结果表明氯化镧和柠檬酸镧在胃肠道主要以磷酸镧微粒形式通过M细胞进行转运吸收。本研究将为稀土在农业和医学中的合理应用提供科学依据。     

散结镇痛胶囊联合米非司酮治疗50例子宫内膜异位症

目的：探讨散结镇痛胶囊联合米非司酮治疗子宫内膜异位症的临床疗效及安全性。方法：100例子宫内膜异位症患者随机分为观察组和对照组各50例。对照组予米非司酮口服,观察组在对照组基础上加用散结镇痛胶囊。观察两组患者治疗前后外周血中前列腺素（PGF2α）及CA125水平变化,比较两组疗效及药品不良反应。结果：治疗后,两组PGF2α、CA125水平及疼痛积分均较治疗前明显降低（P〈0.05或0.01）,且观察组各指标改善幅度明显大于对照组（P〈0.05）。观察组总有效率（94.00%）明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）,不良反应发生率（8.00%）明显低于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论：散结镇痛胶囊联合米非司酮治疗子宫内膜异位症疗效显著,安全性较高,值得临床推广应用。     

Prostate stem cell antigen antibody-conjugated multiwalled carbon nanotubes for targeted ultrasound imaging and drug delivery

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are cut short and grafted with polyethylenimine (PEI) for further covalent conjugation to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) monoclonal antibody (mAb). The in vitro and in vivo toxicity data reveal that the as-prepared CNT-PEI(FITC)-mAb has good biocompatibility. Combined flow cytometry and confocal luminescence imaging experiments confirm that the CNT-PEI(FITC)-mAb can specifically target the cancer cells which overexpress PSCA. The results of in vitro and in vivo ultrasound (US) imaging indicate that CNT-PEI(FITC)-mAb has great potential to be used as a targeted US contrast agent. The in vivo anti-cancer efficacy testing using PC-3 tumor-bearing mice as animal models demonstrates that CNT-PEI(FITC)-mAb can targetedly deliver drug to the tumors and suppress tumor growth. Findings from this study suggest that the CNT-PEI(FITC)-mAb could be used as a multifunctional platform for simultaneous US imaging and drug delivery applications.     

The effects of temperature shock on the treatment of high-concentration organic wastewater by an Fe0/GO-anaerobic system

In order to make up for the defects of traditional anaerobic fermentation systems, such as low energy utilization rates and the slow growth and reproduction of microorganisms, an Fe⁰/GO (zero-valent iron/graphene oxide) anaerobic biological treatment system was used as a treatment process in this paper, and the impact of temperature shock on the system during the treatment of high-concentration organic wastewater was studied. The experimental results showed that temperature shock reduced the COD_Cr removal rate and gas production level in each system, but the Fe⁰/GO group maintained a higher level and had the highest COD_Cr degradation rate after shocking. After temperature shock, the acetic acid content in each system was higher (above 90%), and the volatile fatty acid (VFA) content in the Fe⁰/GO group was the lowest. The mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) in all systems decreased after impact; the decrease was less in the Fe⁰/GO group and the increase was largest after temperature recovery. After shocking, the extracellular polymer substance (EPS) protein (PN) and polysaccharide (PS) levels in each system were both low. After temperature recovery, the PN/PS ratio of the Fe⁰/GO group was the highest, showing a strong impact resistance to temperature.

Temperature changes are inevitable during the actual operation of anaerobic systems. Adding an Fe⁰/GO composite is shown to improve microbial activity and alleviate the adverse effects caused by temperature shock.     

如何根据特异性IgM和IgG评价新型冠状病毒宫内垂直传播

新型冠状病毒能否通过宫内垂直传播感染胎儿是关注的焦点,而如何正确评价新型冠状病毒是否存在宫内垂直传播,更是问题的关键所在。病毒学和血清学证据对诊断病毒宫内垂直传播都有价值。单纯将血清学结果用于确定新型冠状病毒宫内传播时,应至少对新生儿随访3~6个月,动态观察IgM和IgG滴度变化,同时随访其母亲,与母亲特异性抗体的滴度进行比较。     

人参皂苷Rh2通过Egr-1/TRL4/mTOR信号通路抑制食管癌细胞Eca-109增殖、迁移和EMT

目的:研究人参皂苷Rh2对食管癌细胞Eca-109增殖、迁移和上皮间质转化（epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT）的作用以及作用机制。方法:CCK-8法检测人参皂苷Rh2对食管癌细胞Eca-109增殖的影响;细胞划痕实验检测人参皂苷Rh2对食管癌Eca-109细胞迁移的影响;Western blot检测EMT相关蛋白E-cadherin、Vimentin和Slug的蛋白表达水平。结果:人参皂苷Rh2能够显著抑制Eca-109细胞的增殖,且呈剂量依赖性;此外,人参皂苷Rh2显著抑制E-cadherin、Vimentin和Slug的蛋白表达,并抑制Eca-109细胞迁移;人参皂苷Rh2显著抑制Egr-1、TRL4和mTOR的蛋白表达;进一步的研究结果表明人参皂苷Rh2通过抑制Egr-1/TRL4/mTOR信号通路抑制食管癌细胞Eca-109增殖、迁移和EMT。结论:人参皂苷Rh2能够抑制食管癌细胞Eca-109的增殖、迁移和EMT,其作用机制是通过介导Egr-1/TRL4/mTOR信号通路来实现的。这一结果能够为治疗食管癌的进一步研究提供分子基础。     

优化前后置全模型迭代重建技术低剂量腹部CT扫描

目的 观察全模型实时迭代重建技术（ASiR-V）对腹部CT图像质量和辐射剂量的影响,优化ASiR-V前置联合后置百分比方案。方法 将160例接受上腹部CT扫描的患者随机分为试验组或对照组,各80例。试验组在平扫、动脉期、门静脉期和延迟期分别采用前置20% ASiR-V扫描联合后置20%、40%、60%、80% ASiR-V重建,前置40%联合后置40%、60%、80%,前置60%联合后置60%、80%及前置80%联合后置80%扫描及重建方法;对照组采用前置0% ASiR-V扫描,并分别采用FBP和后置20%、40%、60%和80% ASiR-V两种方式进行重建。对所有图像进行客观评价和主观评分,并进行比较。结果 试验组各期相CT剂量指数、剂量长度乘积及有效剂量均低于对照组（P均< 0.001）。相同期相内,随后置迭代比例增加,SD值逐渐减小（P<0.01）,而CNR值无变化或增加;试验组图像随后置ASiR-V（20%~60%）增高,图像主观评分增加,ASiR-V为80%时图像质量较差。试验组平扫前置20%联合后置40%、60%图像与对照组平扫ASiR-V重建图像、试验组动脉期前置40%联合后置60%图像与对照组动脉期ASiR-V重建图像质量评分差异无统计学意义（P均> 0.05）,其余试验组图像质量评分均小于对照组ASiR-V图像。结论 一定比例ASiR-V重建可提高腹部CT图像质量,推荐使用ASiR-V前置40%联合后置60%扫描方案。     

Barriers and facilitators to diabetes self‐management: Perspectives of older community dwellers and health professionals in China

Little is known about self‐management among people with Type 2 diabetes living in mainland China. Understanding the experiences of this target population is needed to provide socioculturally relevant education to effectively promote self‐management. The aim of this study was to explore perceived barriers and facilitators to diabetes self‐management for both older community dwellers and health professionals in China. Four focus groups, two for older people with diabetes and two for health professionals, were conducted. All participants were purposively sampled from two communities in Shanghai, China. Six barriers were identified: overdependence on but dislike of western medicine, family role expectations, cuisine culture, lack of trustworthy information sources, deficits in communication between clients and health professionals, and restriction of reimbursement regulations. Facilitators included family and peer support, good relationships with health professionals, simple and practical instruction and a favourable community environment. The findings provide valuable information for diabetes self‐management intervention development in China, and have implications for programmes tailored to populations in similar sociocultural circumstances.