脱细胞尿道及其海绵体基质制备的实验研究

目的 探索脱细胞尿道及其海绵体基质的制备方法。方法取健康壮年兔完整尿道及其海绵体组织，以Triton-X100与NH3H2O联合提取法进行脱细胞处理。标本做HE染色，组织学观察分析脱细胞效果。结果脱细胞处理11天后，成功获得脱细胞及其海绵体基质，所得基质外观良好。HE染色观察无细胞存在。弹力纤维排列规整，间隙较大，结构无破坏。结论利用Triton-X100与NH3H2O联合提取法可成功制备完整无细胞尿道及其海绵体基质，为尿道再造修复提供崭新思路。     

Ketanserin降低清醒自发性高血压大鼠血压波动性的机理初探

应用计算机化清醒大鼠血流动力学测定技术，观察５－ＨＴ２受体阻滞剂Ｒｉｔａｎｓｅｒｉｎ（Ｒｉｔ）和α１受体阻滞剂哌唑嗪对清醒自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）的血压、血压波动性（ＢＰＶ）和动脉压力感受性反射血压控制部分（ＡＢＲ－ＢＰ）的效应，旨在初步探讨兼具５－ＨＴ２受体和α１受体阻滞作用地新型抗高血压药Ｋｅｔａｎｓｅｒｉｎ降低ＢＰＶ的机制。结果表明：Ｒｉｔ对ＳＨＲ无降压作用，但侧脑室给药明显提高ＡＢＲ－Ｂ     

四甲基联苯胺在ELISA和免疫斑点试验中的应用

本文以间接法ELISA检测轮状病毒特异性IgG为模型,对新底物四甲基联苯胺(TMB)与邻苯二胺(OPD)进行了比较研究,结果发现,TMB具有下列优点:①稳定性好;②敏感性高;③酶结合物和H_2O_2用量少。而且TMB又无致癌性,故是辣根过氧化酶较理想的底物。此外,还首次将TMB应用于免疫斑点试验,获得成功。     

The adverse effect of treatment prolongation in cervical cancer by high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The potential risk of prolongation of treatment time in cervical cancer has been reported for many low-dose rate (LDR) studies, with an estimated loss of local control ranging from 0.3 to 1.6% per day of treatment prolongation. Since the treatment schedule for fractionated high-dose rate intracavitary brachytherapy (HDRICB) is not directly comparable with that for low-dose rate studies, this report aims to evaluate the adverse effect of treatment prolongation specifically for cervical cancer treated with HDRICB. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From September 1992 to December 1997, 257 patients diagnosed with uterine cervical cancer (35 Ib, 26 IIa, 122 IIb, 10 IIIa, 57 IIIb, 7 IVa), who underwent external radiotherapy combined with between two and four courses of HDRICB and a minimum of 3 years of follow-up (median 57 months), were analyzed. Treatment consisted of irradiation of the whole pelvis with 44-45 Gy consisting of 22-25 fractions by 5 weeks, with the dose boosted to 54-58 Gy (with central shielding) for patients diagnosed as FIGO stage IIb-IVa bilateral parametrial disease. HDRICB was performed using an Ir-192 remote afterloading technique at 1-week intervals. The standard prescribed dose for each course of HDRICB was 7.2 Gy to point A for three insertions (before July 1995), or 6.0 Gy to point A for four insertions (after July 1995). Total prescribed point A doses (external beam radiotherapy+HDRICB) ranged from 58 to 71.6 Gy (median, 65.6 Gy) for stage IB-IIA, while analogous dosage for larger lesions (stage IIb-IVa) ranged from 59 to 75.6 Gy (median, 65.6 Gy). Kaplan-Meier and multivariate analyses were used to test the effect of treatment time on pelvic control rate (PCR) and cause-specific survival (CSS) at 5 years. RESULTS: Median treatment time was 63 days. For all stages of disease, the 5-year CSS and PCR were significantly different comparing treatment times of less than and greater than or equal to 63 days [83% and 65% (P=0.004], 93% and 83% (P=0.02), respectively]. These associations were also significant for stage Ib/IIa [97% and 79% (P=0.01), and 100% and 87% (P=0.02), respectively), but not for stage IIb [75% and 72% (P=0.79), and 93% and 87% (P=0.83), respectively] or stage III [66% and 49% (P=0.2), and 83% and 72% (P=0.21), respectively]. Multivariate analysis identified three prognostic factors for CSS, stage (P<0.001), tumor response to external RT (P=0.001), and overall treatment time (OTT; P=0.006). Prognostic factors for pelvic failure were stage (P<0.001), tumor response to external RT (P=0.001), and OTT (P=0.03). Prolongation of treatment time resulted in a daily decrease in pelvic control rate of 0.67% overall, and 0.43% for stage Ib-IIa, 0.57% for stage IIb, and 0.73% for stage III patients. CONCLUSION: Analysis of the data from the current study demonstrates that the adverse effect of treatment prolongation was observed later in the treatment course for the high-dose rate (HDR) series compared to the LDR analog, however, treatment-time prolongation still negatively influenced the cause-specific survival and pelvic control rate for both dosage groups.     

隐匿阴茎的分类和手术治疗

目的：探讨隐匿阴茎的分类和手术治疗方法。方法：手术治疗33例隐匿阴茎患者，年龄l岁3个月-25岁，平均6．2岁。根据Bergeson(1993)的隐匿阴茎的分类标准，埋藏阴茎29例，蹼状阴茎2例，束缚阴茎2例。结果：术后随访2个月-1年，所有患者术后阴茎外观满意，阴茎皮肤与阴茎体附着正常。结论：对隐匿阴茎不能指望青春期发育时耻骨前脂肪组织减少或简单行包茎松解术就能得到解决，正确的分类和恰当的手术治疗才能取得良好效果。     

大黄提取液对脱矿釉质中钙溶出量的影响

目的 观察大黄提取液对脱矿釉质中钙溶出量的影响.方法 用不同浓度的大黄提取液和去离子水处理牙面后进行脱矿,ASCA生化分析仪对釉质脱矿后的脱矿液进行钙离子浓度的检测.结果 2 mg/ml和4 mg/ml大黄提取液处理后釉质钙溶出量<去离了水(P<0.01)、<1 mg/ml大黄提取液组(P<0.05),>2%氟化钠组但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).1 mg/ml大黄提取液处理后釉质钙溶出量>2%氟化钠组(P<0.01),<去离子水组但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 2mg/ ml和4 mg/ml大黄提取液具有抑制脱矿釉质中钙溶出作用:2mg/ml大黄提取液为抑制钙溶出的起始有效浓度.     

磁共振扩散加权成像技术在颅内囊性病变鉴别诊断中的应用

目的探讨磁共振扩散加权成像（DWI）技术对颅内囊性病变中表皮样囊肿、蛛网膜囊肿、脑脓肿及囊性坏死性脑肿瘤（单发囊性转移瘤、神经上皮肿瘤）的鉴别诊断价值。方法对2004年5月-2006年5月行神经外科手术治疗并经病理证实的50例颅内囊性病变患者的磁共振扩散加权成像资料进行回顾性分析．其中表皮样囊肿10例、蛛网膜囊肿10例、脑脓肿10例、单发囊性转移瘤8例及神经上皮肿瘤12例，均进行常规MRI平扫及DWI检查，生成DWI图及表观扩散系数（ADC）图，观察囊变区信号特征并测量该区的表观扩散系数值。结果（1）表皮样囊肿在扩散加权成像显示为高信号，其表观扩散系数图显示为低或稍低信号，表观扩散系数测量值为（0．924-0．12）×10^-3mm^2／s，蛛网膜囊肿扩散加权成像显示为低信号，表观扩散系数图呈高信号，测量值为（3．094-0．21）×10^-3mm^2／s；两组表观扩散系数测量值差异有统计学意义（t=22．278，P=0．000）。（2）脑脓肿之囊变区于扩散加权成像显示为高信号，表观扩散系数图呈低及等信号，表观扩散系数测量值为（0．524-0．08）×10^-3mm^2／s；单发囊性转移瘤和神经上皮肿瘤之囊变区在扩散加权成像上显示为低信号，表观扩散系数图显示为高信号。表观扩散系数测量值为（2．354-0．41）×10^-3mm^2／s，与脑脓肿组相比差异有统计学意义（t=13．939，P=0．000）。结论不同颅内囊性病变在磁共振扩散加权成像上的表现特点及病灶囊变区表观扩散系数测量值的变化。具有诊断与鉴别诊断价值。     

改良气囊导尿管内固定方法的临床探讨

目的探讨改良气囊导尿管的内固定方法，减轻患者的不适感，增加尿管留置成功率。方法将150例需留置导尿管的患者随机分为A、B、C3组，常规导尿成功后，A组向气囊内注入生理盐水12ml；B组向气囊内注入空气12ml；C组向气囊内注入生理盐水和空气各6ml，于24h后采用自制问卷调查患者不舒适的程度，并在1周后统计置管的成功率。结果A组Ⅱ度以上不舒适38例，留置失败1例，失败率为2．0％；B组Ⅱ度以上不舒适5例，留置失败12例，失败率为24．0％；C组Ⅱ度以上不舒适5例，留置失败2例，失败率为3．9％。满意度B组与C组比较差异无统计学意义，A组与B组和C组比较差并均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。失败率A组与C组比较差异无统计学意义（P=0．3864），B组与A组和C组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论3组从舒适的角度和留置成功率全面比较C组的方法优于A、B两组，留置气囊导尿管时向气囊内注入生理盐水和空气各6ml是内固定最佳的方法，在临床上是可行的。     

Sympathetic skin response in patients with myasthenia gravis★ A comparative analysis

BACKGROUND: The examination of sympathetic skin response is an important index for assessing the autonomic nerve function, and patients with myasthenia gravis are always accompanied by dysautonomia. Therefore, it will be important to know whether sympathetic skin response can be used as the index for the clinical evaluation of myasthenia gravis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic value of sympathetic skin response in the damage of autonomic nerve function of patients with myasthenia gravis. DESIGN: A case-controlled comparative observation. SETTING: Department of Neurology and Room of Nerve Electromyogram, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty outpatients or inpatients with myasthenia gravis were selected from the Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from May 2006 to May 2007, including 9 males and 21 females, aged 8–72 years with a mean age of (28±5) years old. They were all accorded with the diagnostic standards of myasthenia gravis, accompanied by different severity of autonomic nerve symptoms, including poor skin nutrition, sweating of hands and feet, pyknocardia, persistent hypotension, abdominal pain, constipation, etc. They all had not taken any drug affecting the autonomic nerve function before the examination. Informed consents were obtained from all the patients. Meanwhile, 30 healthy physical examinees were enrolled as the normal control group, including 10 males and 20 females, aged 10–75 years with a mean age of (31±5) years old. Approval was obtained from the hospital ethic committee. METHODS: After admission, the patients were examined with sympathetic skin response using DANTEC keypoint 2.0 electromyography evoked potential apparatus (Danmark). The changes of the latency and wave amplitude of sympathetic skin response were observed. The subjects in the normal control group were examined with the same methods at physical examination. Abnormality was judged by the disappearance of wave form, latency longer than that in the normal control group by Mean±2.5SD, or wave amplitude lower than the average value in the normal control group by 50%. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The results of the latency and wave amplitude of sympathetic skin response were compared between the patients with myasthenia gravis and normal controls. RESULTS: All the 30 patients with myasthenia gravis and 30 healthy physical examinees were involved in the final analysis of results. There were no significant differences between the left and right upper and lower limbs in both the myasthenia gravis group and normal control group (P > 0.05). In the myasthenia gravis group, the abnormal rate of sympathetic skin response was 37% (11/30), the latency was prolonged and the wave amplitude was decreased as compared with those in the normal control group, and there were significant differences (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Sympathetic skin response can be used as an electrophysiological index for judging the damages of autonomic nerve function in patients with myasthenia gravis.