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61.
From 1985-1987, a total of 34 couples undergoing superovulation for a
single in-vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle with clomiphene citrate and
purified follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) or human menopausal
gonadotrophin (HMG) were randomly allocated doses of intra-nasal buserelin
to induce an endogenous gonadotrophin surge, prior to oocyte collection.
The doses ranged from a single 25 microg dose to 100 microg every 4 h for
20 h. In three cycles the treatment was abandoned because of a poor ovarian
response. In the remaining 31 cycles buserelin was given to induce the
endogenous gonadotrophin surge, but there was evidence of premature
luteinization in eight cycles and a premature gonadotrophin surge in four
cycles. Although a single dose as low as 40 microg induced a surge and
resulted in a pregnancy, a single dose of 50 microg proved the most
effective minimal dose consistently to induce a gonadotrophin surge and
oocyte maturation. Recent reports using gonadotrophin-releasing hormone
(GnRH) analogues to induce a gonadotrophin surge has prompted publication
of this previously unpublished data.
相似文献
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1. This is a review of the literature on the subject of the effects of cholinesters and their agonists on sensory nerve endings. 2. The present-day view is that acetylcholine (ACh) has an excitatory action on some cutaneous receptors. Responses appear to be limited to receptors served by small myelinated and un-myelinated axons where responsiveness is multimodal; that is, the receptors are activated by noxious thermal and mechanical stimulation. 3. The possible role played by acetylcholine in sensory transduction processes is discussed, as are other explanations for the presence of nicotinic cholinergic receptors on the terminals of cutaneous receptors. 4. The excitatory action of ACh and succinylcholine (SCh) on muscle spindles is described. Two possible mechanisms are considered: a direct depolarizing action on the nerve terminals and indirect excitation, brought about by a contracture of the intrafusal fibres on which the sensory endings lie. 5. The technique of using SCh in combination with fusimotor stimulation is described. This has provided new information about the internal workings of muscle spindles. Brief mention is also made of the action of SCh on tendon organs and joint receptors. 6. It is concluded that a direct action by cholinesters is restricted to receptors served by small axons with multimodal functions. The precise role of such an action remains the subject of speculation. Possible clinical significance is discussed. 相似文献
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Emergency room radiography of asthma: an efficacy study 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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RO Estacio E McFarling S Biggerstaff BW Jeffers D Johnson RW Schrier 《American journal of kidney diseases》1998,31(6):947-953
Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) occurs with a higher frequency in Hispanic as compared with non-Hispanic whites. It also appears that there is a higher prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in the Hispanic population when compared with non-Hispanic whites. In the current study, 144 Hispanics and 671 non-Hispanic white NIDDM subjects were studied to determine the possible association of various risk factors and diabetic complications, including overt albuminuria, with diabetic retinopathy. Stereoscopic retinal fundus photographs were obtained and graded by the University of Wisconsin Fundus Photographic Reading Center. We also sought to determine whether risk factors for retinopathy vary between Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites. In the total group, duration of diabetes, glycosylated hemoglobin, neuropathy, diastolic hypertension, use of insulin, and Hispanic ethnicity correlated with the presence of retinopathy. Controlling for severity and duration of diabetes, Hispanics had a significantly increased risk of retinopathy relative to non-Hispanic whites (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.34, 3.37, P = 0.0013). Duration of diabetes and presence of neuropathy were significantly correlated with the presence of diabetic retinopathy in Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites. The presence of overt albuminuria (>200 microg/min), although not related to diabetic retinopathy in non-Hispanic whites, conferred a high risk for diabetic retinopathy in Hispanics (OR = 11.14, CI = 1.20, 103.39, P = 0.0339) independent of other risk factors. In summary, Hispanics with NIDDM have an increased prevalence of diabetic retinopathy when compared with non-Hispanic whites. In addition, overt albuminuria in the Hispanic subjects appears to be a powerful predictor of the diabetic retinopathy. 相似文献