腹膜透析相关腹膜炎危险因素研究的统计模型筛选

目的筛选适用于腹膜透析相关腹膜炎危险因素研究的统计方法，为腹膜炎的临床研究提供新的思路。 方法选择九种统计模型进行对比分析，包括：不含时间依存性协变量(时依协变量)的Logistic回归、泊松回归、负二项回归、COX回归、AG模型、PWP-CP模型6个模型，含时间依存性协变量的COX回归、AG模型、PWP-CP模型3个模型。统计数据来源于解放军总医院第一医学中心腹膜透析中心2013年1月至2016年12月开始腹膜透析治疗的终末期肾脏病患者，数据收集至2018年12月。分析腹膜炎的临床特点，对比各统计模型拟合情况和统计结果，筛选统计模型。 结果从腹膜炎临床数据构成来看，作为因变量，腹膜炎事件由"发生时间"、"发生次数"、"发生顺序"三个要素构成，作为自变量，大部分协变量是随时间变化的，三维的因变量和变化的自变量共同构成了复杂的临床数据。从"腹膜炎三要素"纳入情况看，只有PWP-CP模型能够全部纳入，最大限度保证了数据的完整性。从统计模型拟合程度看，泊松模型存在过离散，不适用于本研究数据；使用时依协变量的模型较使用基线数据的模型拟合好。从统计结果看，含时间依存性协变量的模型避免了单纯使用基线数据造成的偏差，使统计结果更接近于真实情况。 结论在腹膜炎危险因素的研究中，只有尽可能地保证数据信息的完整性和准确性，才能得到更真实的研究结果。本研究通过剖析腹膜炎的数据构成，对比各模型的统计结果，发现含时依协变量的PWP-CP模型更适用于腹膜炎危险因素的研究。     

MiR-146a Deletion Protects From Bone Loss in OVX Mice by Suppressing RANKL/OPG and M-CSF in Bone Microenvironment

MicroRNAs play important roles in osteoporosis and show great potential for diagnosis and therapy of osteoporosis. Previous studies have demonstrated that miR-146a affects osteoblast (OB) and osteoclast (OC) formation. However, these findings have yet to be identified in vivo, and it is unclear whether miR-146a is related to postmenopausal osteoporosis. Here, we demonstrated that miR-146a knockout protects bone loss in mouse model of estrogen-deficient osteoporosis, and miR-146a inhibits OB and OC activities in vitro and in vivo. MiR-146a^−/− mice displayed the same bone mass as the wild type (WT) but exhibited a stronger bone turnover than the WT did under normal conditions. Nevertheless, miR-146a^−/− mice showed an increase in bone mass after undergoing ovariectomy (OVX) compared with those subjected to sham operation. OC activities were impaired in the miR-146a^−/− mice exposed to estrogen deficiency, which was diametrically opposite to the enhanced bone resorption ability of WT. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) from a bone microenvironment affect this extraordinary phenomenon. Therefore, our results implicate that miR-146a plays a key role in estrogen deficiency–induced osteoporosis, and the inhibition of this molecule provides skeleton protection. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.     

Debulking and three‐dimensional reconstruction of a rare case of right atrium‐ventricular angiosarcoma

A 48‐year‐old man presented with chest pain and ischemic manifestations according to an electrocardiogram due to coronary artery compression from a cardiac mass and was admitted to the emergency room and underwent extensive debulking followed by right atrium and ventricular three‐dimensional reconstruction with concomitant tricuspid valve remodeling. He recovered a normal sinus rhythm and was discharged from the hospital a week later with a diagnosis of cardiac malignant angiosarcoma according to the pathological examination. He survived and had a normal cardiac structure and function performance, but vertebral metastasis was suspected after more than 4 months of follow‐up after the procedure.     

Comparison of clinical effects of bare stent and covered metal stent graft in the treatment of complete occlusion of central venography in hemodialysis patients

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of bare mental stent (BMS) and covered stent (CS) in the treatment of complete central venous occlusive disease (CVOD) in hemodialysis patients. Methods A total of 66 cases of CVOD who have been treated by endovascular methods successfully in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from Jan 2015 to Jan 2017 were enrolled in this study. According to the type of stent，the patients were divided into two groups, BMS group (n=46) and CS group (n=20). The demographic data, clinical signs and symptoms, and pre-procedure and post-procedure imaging data were followed up and recorded. The primary patency rates were calculated at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Results The related symptoms were improved within 2 day post-procedure. The primary patency rates of BMS group in 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months were 97.83%, 95.65%, 69.56%, 41.3%, and 34.78% respectively. The rates of CS group were 100%, 100%, 95%, 65%, and 60% respectively. They did not reached statistical significance for primary patency rates between two groups in 1, 3, and 6 months (P＞0.05 respectively). However, from 9 months after procedure, it began to show the significant difference between two groups (P＜0.05). The median patency time of the CS group was (10.30±5.32) months, while BMS group was (8.52±0.49) months. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P=0.046). Conclusions Stent implantation for complete occlusion of central venous in hemodialysis patients can get credible effect. The use of CS for CVOD provides superior patency as well as patency time in long period after procedure as compared with BMS.     

供肾活组织检查在组织病理学评估中的应用及展望

供肾质量是影响肾移植疗效的重要因素之一,供肾移植前活组织检查(活检)为器官分配及术后免疫抑制方案选择提供组织病理学依据,不同组织学病变情况产生不同的移植效果。本文综述了冰冻切片病理和石蜡切片病理在供肾活检中的应用,阐述了它们在组织病理学评估中的优缺点及显微成像技术应用于供肾评估潜力的展望。旨在寻求一种精准的供肾组织病理学评估手段,在最大化提高器官利用率的同时,将移植肾功能不全发生率降到最低。     

超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞联合喉罩通气全身麻醉在小儿腹股沟斜疝修补术中的应用

目的探究喉罩通气全身麻醉联合超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞（TAPB）在小儿腹股沟斜疝手术中的应用。 方法选取2018年1至10月,成都市妇女儿童中心医院行疝囊高位结扎100例腹股沟斜疝患儿的临床资料,按随机数字表法将其分2组,每组患儿50例。对照组术中给予喉罩通气全身麻醉,观察组术中给予超声引导下TAPB联合喉罩通气全身麻醉。观察2组手术相关指标、血流动力学指标、小儿疼痛量表评分（FLACC）及不良反应发生情况。 结果观察组术后拔管时间、麻醉苏醒时间及住院时间分别为（6.27±1.86）min、（13.34±3.17）min及（2.26±0.14）d,与对照组（13.31±2.05）min、（19.86±3.48）及（3.15±1.17）d比较,差异有统计学意义（t=17.984、9.259、5.341,P均<0.001）。与T₁相比,观察组患儿T₂、T₃时段HR、SBP、DBP无显著变化,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;对照组HR无显著变化,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,SBP、DBP逐渐升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组T₁时段HR与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,T₂、T₃时段显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组T₁时段SBP、DBP与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,T₂、T₃时段显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组患儿在苏醒时、术后2 h、4 h及8 h FLACC评分分别为（2.3±0.6）分、（2.0±0.4）分、（1.6±0.5）分、（1.2±0.3）分,均低于对照组（3.0±0.5）分、（2.7±0.6）分、（2.2±0.3）分、（1.7±0.4）分,差异有统计学意义（t=40.170、47.114、57.940、49.999,P均<0.05）。观察组呕吐、咽痛、喉痉挛的发生情况分别为3（6.00%）、3（6.00%）、2（4.00%）,均低于对照组10（20.00%）、11（22.00%）、9（18.00%）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=4.332、5.316、5.005,P=0.037、0.021、0.025）。 结论在疝囊高位结扎术中采用超声引导下TAPB联合喉罩通气全身麻醉,能够更好地维持患儿血流动力学的稳定性,降低疼痛及不良反应的发生,值得临床推广应用。     

纳布啡复合丙泊酚对腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的麻醉效果

目的观察纳布啡复合丙泊酚对腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的麻醉效果,并分析其对患者应激、炎症因子的影响。 方法选择2015年10月至2018年10月,广西壮族自治区人民医院行腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的182例患者作为研究对象,按随机数字法将其分为2组。研究组患者91例,行钠布啡复合丙泊酚静脉麻醉;对照组患者91例,行芬太尼复合丙泊酚静脉麻醉。对比2组患者的麻醉效果、麻醉起效时间、术后清醒时间以及术后1 d疼痛情况,并通过促甲状腺激素（TSH）与皮质醇（Cor）水平观察患者应激反应,对比炎症因子超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的变化情况。 结果2组患者手术麻醉起效时间与术后清醒时间比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;研究组的术后1 d疼痛评分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组患者术前1 d的hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）;术后1 d研究组的hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α表达水平均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组患者术前1 d的TSH、Cor表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）;术后1 d的TSH表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,术后1d研究组的Cor表达水平均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论纳布啡复合丙泊酚作为腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术麻醉方式能取得较好的麻醉效果,并且能减轻患者术后疼痛,减少应激反应与炎症反应,可作为腹腔镜腹股沟修补术的优选麻醉方式。     

椎管内分娩镇痛护理循证实践方案的构建

目的构建基于循证的椎管内分娩镇痛护理实践方案。方法以Stetler证据应用模式为理论框架,通过典型机构的现场观察,梳理焦点问题,系统检索文献,提取证据及推荐意见,构建方案草案,进行专家论证,确定推荐等级,形成最终方案。结果方案包括分娩疼痛的评估及初步处理、椎管内分娩镇痛开始时机、镇痛前准备、镇痛期间的监护与管理、镇痛产妇的活动管理、饮食管理、镇痛结束时机7个方面共41条推荐意见,其中38条强推荐,3条弱推荐。结论构建椎管内分娩镇痛护理循证实践方案,有利于多学科助产团队在临床实践过程中达成一致,为下一步临床实施奠定基础。     

基于微信平台的同伴教育在膝交叉韧带重建患者康复中的应用

目的探讨基于微信平台的同伴教育对膝交叉韧带重建患者康复效果的影响。方法将105例膝交叉韧带重建术患者按照入院时间分为对照组48例,观察组57例。对照组接受常规健康教育,观察组在此基础上实施微信同伴教育。比较两组患者入院、术后1个月、术后3个月的康复自我效能感、康复依从性及膝关节功能评分。结果术后1个月、3个月观察组康复自我效能感、康复训练依从性、膝关节功能评分显著优于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论基于微信平台同伴教育能提高膝交叉韧带重建患者的康复自我效能感及康复训练依从性,促进膝关节功能恢复。