城市住宅新区医疗卫生服务需求的现状与对策

目的:了解城市住宅新区医疗卫生服务供给与需求的现状,为决策部门合理分配卫生资源提供参考依据。方法:根据浙江省城市地理位置和经济文化、发展程度,在全省范围内选择有代表性的城市,采用城、区街(居委会)住户4个层次随机抽样方法调查4810户家庭。结果:住宅新区个人和家庭医疗卫生服务需求大于供给,希望社区提供全天候卫生服务。医疗费用支出占家庭收入的6.20％,绝大多数家庭能承担各项医疗费用,家庭每年最多能支出医疗保健服务费用平均为2565.15元。     

逆转录—聚合酶链反应在丁型肝炎病毒感染的应用及意义

本项技术选取丁型肝炎病毒（ＨＤＶ）ＲＮＡ的非抗原编码区的相对保守区为靶序列,设计两对引物,进行巢式聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）扩增ＨＤＶＲＮＡ。血清及肝组织采用蛋白酶消化法提取ＲＮＡ。结果发现９８例各型病毒性肝炎血清中,ＨＤＶ—Ｍ阳性组ＨＤＶＲＮＡ检出率为５６６％（３０／５３）,ＨＤＶ—Ｍ阴性组为８９％（４／４５）（Ｐ＜００１）;ＨＤＡｇ或／及抗ＨＤＩｇＭ阳性血清测定ＨＤＶＲＮＡ的阳性率为５７１％（２８／４９）,抗ＨＤ阳性血清的阳性率为５００％（２／４）;９例ＨＤＶ—Ｍ阳性肝组织测定ＨＤＶＲＮＡ阳性者６例,２例ＨＤＶ—Ｍ阴性肝组织均阴性。本项技术是在分子水平上检测病毒核酸、操作简便、稳定、可靠、特异性高、重复性好,可以作为ＨＤＶ血清学指标的佐证和补充,肝组织ＨＤＶＲＮＡ的测定可应用于回顾性研究,在临床病原诊断、抗病毒疗效判定、病毒复制、重叠感染等研究方面提供重要实验依据。     

云南元江流域现行疟疾媒介防制措施执行情况及效果评价圹

目的了解元江流域疟疾流行现况、媒介防制措施执行情况及效果.方法采用面上调查、实验室和现场观察相结合的方法,对元江流域的媒介防制措施执行情况及效果进行综合评价.结果目前元江流域疟疾媒介控制措施仍以DDT滞留喷洒为主;该措施能有效控制主要媒介微小按蚊,但不能控制次要媒介中华按蚊,而且对按蚊有兴奋驱避作用;按使用DDT滞留喷洒计算,目前购买杀虫剂的投入仅能满足42.83%的需求,但按使用溴氰菊酯浸泡蚊帐计算,仅用现在杀虫剂费用的50.75%就可满足需要.结论基于DDT滞留喷洒的效果、经费和操作不便的限制,DDT滞留喷洒措施应该逐渐被其它控制措施替代.     

uPAR mRNA测定及其在U937细胞中的表达

目的 研究凝血酶、ＴＮＦ－α、ＩＦＮ－γ等对Ｕ９３７细胞表达ｕＰＡＲ ｍＲＮＡ的影响,观察凝血系统、炎症介质与纤溶功能变化间的关系。 方法 建立并应用逆转录ＰＣＲ（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）法测定培养Ｕ９３７细胞的ｕＰＡＲ ｍＲＮＡ。 结果：１．经测定批间变异系数（ＣＶ间）确认了ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ法测定ｕＰＡＲ ｍＲＮＡ的稳定性;２．以不同浓度凝血酶刺激２４ｈ,对Ｕ９３７细胞表达ｕＰＡＲ ｍＲＮＡ有抑制和促进两种不     

新生儿严重脑室内出血连续腰穿的疗效

目的为了治疗和预防脑室内出血后脑积水的发生和发展,改善新生儿严重脑室内出血的不良预后。方法1989年以来,对19例在出生后早期经头颅B超诊断为严重脑室内出血（IVH）患儿进行了连续腰穿（LP）治疗。结果有效16例,自动出院1例,失败2例。有效率为84．2％。有效16例初次LP日龄为14．6±5．7d,疗程23．4±12d,平均LP次数9．3±4．7次,平均LP间隔期3．1±1．6d,平均每次放液量6．7±2ml,LP治疗后起效天数为10．1±7．8d。2例在连续LP的同时联用乙酰唑胺治疗亦取得显著疗效。16例平均随访月龄为3．2±1月,体格发育均正常,B超显示12例脑室形态正常,4例脑室呈稳定的轻度增大。失败的2例初次LP迟,初期LP间隔期延长为7－9d,放液量＜5ml。同期另有17例严重IVH患儿未予LP治疗。其中4例并发脑积水,5例自动出院,4例早期死亡,余4例其后脑室形态稳定。结论连续LP不失为治疗新生儿严重IVH实用安全有效的方法,LP疗效欠佳时可联用乙酰唑胺治疗。     

Risk factors for basal cell carcinoma of the skin in men: results from the health professionals follow-up study.

The authors examined the relation of constitutional factors and sun exposure to risk of basal cell carcinoma of the skin (BCC) in a prospective cohort of 44,591 predominantly Caucasian US male health professionals, 40-75 years of age and free of cancer at enrollment in 1986. During 8 years of follow-up, 3,273 cases of self-reported BCC were documented. The following variables were each associated with an elevated risk of BCC: having red hair; green, hazel, or blue eyes; a tendency to sunburn; and north European ancestry. The lifetime number of blistering sunburns was also positively associated with BCC risk (p trend < 0.0001). Compared with men who as teenagers had been outside less than once a week, men who had been outside weekly (relative risk (RR) = 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14, 1.47) and daily (RR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.24, 1.63) had an elevated risk of BCC. Living in a region of residence with high solar radiation as an adult was also associated with an increased risk of BCC (RR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.36, 1.60), whereas living in such a region only in childhood did not increase BCC risk. These results confirm the role of constitutional factors and suggest that adult sun exposure increases BCC risk.     

Climate, traffic-related air pollutants, and asthma prevalence in middle-school children in taiwan

This study compared the prevalence of asthma with climate and air pollutant data to determine the relationship between asthma prevalence and these factors. We conducted a nationwide survey of respiratory illness and symptoms in middle-school students in Taiwan. Lifetime prevalences of physician-diagnosed asthma and of typical symptoms of asthma were compared to air monitoring station data for temperature, relative humidity, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ozone, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter [less than/equal to] 10 microm (PM(10)). A total of 331,686 nonsmoking children attended schools located within 2 km of 55 stations. Asthma prevalence rates adjusted for age, history of atopic eczema, and parental education were associated with nonsummer (June-August) temperature, winter (January-March) humidity, and traffic-related air pollution, especially carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, for both girls and boys. Nonsummer temperature, winter humidity, and traffic-related air pollution, especially carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, were positively associated with the prevalence of asthma in middle-school students in Taiwan.     

Jasmine green tea epicatechins are hypolipidemic in hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) fed a high fat diet.

These studies were designed to test the hypolipidemic activity of green tea epicatechins (GTE) isolated from jasmine green tea. In Experiment 1, three groups of hamsters were given a semisynthetic diet containing 200 g lard/kg and 1 g cholesterol/kg for 4 wk. The control group received distilled water, and the other two groups received either 15 g/L green tea water extract (GTWE) or 5.0 g/L GTE solution. Both the GTWE and GTE groups had lower concentrations of serum total cholesterol (TC) and triacylglycerols (TG) than the controls (P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, four groups of hamsters received tap water as the drinking fluid, but they were given the same high fat and cholesterol diet supplemented with 0 (control), 1.1, 3.4 or 5.7 g GTE/kg diet. The hypolipidemic effect of jasmine GTE was dose dependent. In Experiment 3, the time-course of changes in serum TC and TG was monitored in hamsters given the high fat diet supplemented with 5.7 g GTE/kg in comparison with that of controls. The hypolipidemic effects of dietary GTE were evident after feeding for 2 wk. Dietary supplementation of GTE did not affect liver fatty acid synthase. However, GTE-supplemented hamsters had higher fecal excretions of total fatty acids, neutral sterols and acidic sterols compared with the control group. In Experiment 4, hamsters were fed nonpurified diet; the control group drank distilled water, and the GTE group drank distilled water containing 5.0 g GTE/L. No differences in activities of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase and intestinal acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase were observed. This study suggests that the hypolipidemic activity of GTE is not due to inhibition of synthesis of cholesterol or fatty acid but is most likely mediated by its influence on absorption of dietary fat and cholesterol.     

Association between indoor and outdoor air pollution and adolescent asthma from 1995 to 1996 in Taiwan

The study aim was to estimate the contribution of indoor and outdoor air pollution to the 1-year prevalence of adolescent asthma after personal susceptibility and other potential risk factors were taken into account. A large-scaled cross-sectional study was conducted among 165,173 high school students aged 11 to 16 years in the different communities of Kaohsiung and Pintong in Taiwan, from October 1995 to June 1996. Each student and his/her parents participating in the study completed a video and a written International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire about symptoms of wheezing and allergies, passive smoking, and demographic variables. After adjustment for potential confounders, adolescents exposed to cigarette smoking (odds ratio = 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.17-1.42) and environmental tobacco smoke (odds ratio = 1.08, 95% CI, 1.05-1.12) were found to suffer from asthma at an increased frequency. We observed a statistically significant association between outdoor air pollution and asthma, after controlling for potential confound variables. Total suspended particulate, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, and airborne dust particles all displayed an independent association with asthma, respectively. There were no selection biases in this community-based study, which provides evidence that passive smoking and long-term, high average outdoor air pollution are independent risk factors of asthma.