糖尿病早期肾损害的彩色多普勒超声研究

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声肾血流测定对诊断糖尿病早期肾损害的价值。方法：以尿白蛋白排泄率（UAER）作为早期肾损害指标,对60例糖尿病患在26例正常人行彩色多普勒超声肾血流检查,结果：小叶间动脉收缩期峰值流速（Vs),弓状动脉及小叶间动脉舒张末期流速（Vd)的减慢是糖尿病患最早出现的肾内血流动力学改变;有肾脏早期损害的糖尿病患肾血流频谱参数特点是肾内弓状动脉,小叶间动脉的Vs和肾内各分支动脉的Vd明显减低,肾内各分支动脉的阻力指数（RI）明显增高,RI与糖尿病患肾功能损害程度相关。结论：彩色多普勒超声肾血流检测是早期诊断糖悄病肾损害的简便,可靠的方法。     

中心静脉插管与直接动脉穿刺血透治疗比较

目的：观察中心静脉插管（CVC）和直接动脉穿刺（AP）的透析效率,可维持透析时间及并发症并进行比较。方法：50例血透病人,22例行CVC（双腔静脉导管）单针单泵透析;28例行AP透析,于透析前,透析后不同时间采血查肾功,电解质,HCO3^-浓度。结果：CVC及AP对BUN,血Ca^2 ,P^3-浓度的影响相似（P＞0．05）,而首次透析2h后血K^ ,HCK3^-浓度的变化似与其相应透析前浓度测定值的水平有关,Scr浓度变化（降低）,AP组大于CVC组（P＜0．05）,可能由于存在通路再循环的影响,CVC常见并发症为感染,细菌为表皮葡萄球菌,AP常见并发症仍为血肿或动脉瘤,结论：CVC与AP作为临时性血管通路的短期透析效率相似,但CVC有减少穿刺,保护血管的优点。     

病毒感染与新生儿肾损害的临床研究

目的：研究新生儿巨细胞病毒（CMV）,单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）,柯萨奇病毒（COXV）对肾脏影响。方法：用荧光定量聚合酶链反应（FQ－PCR）检测CMV,HSV,COXV,用尿N－乙酰β-D－氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）,尿补体C3,α2巨球蛋白（α2－M）,尿分析,血尿素氨（BUN）,肌酐（Cr)指标检测肾功能,对76例病毒感染（感染组）,20例非病毒感染（对照组）进行比较分析。结果：感染组尿NAG酶显高于对照组（P＜0．01）,尿NAG酶变化与血基因拷贝数呈正相关（P＜0．01）,19例尿FQ－CMV－PCR阳性血基因拷贝数显高于阴性（P＜0．01）,前尿NAG酶显高于后（P＜0．01）,尿C3,α2－M,尿分析,血BUN,Cr两组对比无显差异（P＞0．05）,结论：新生儿病毒感染可引起肾损害,早期以肾小管功能损害为主,临床上应予重视。     

抗纤灵冲剂对成纤维细胞增殖及其分泌EMC与TNF—α的影响

目的：探讨抗纤灵冲剂对成纤维细胞增殖及其分泌细胞外基质（ECM）,细胞因子：肿瘤坏死因子－α（TNF－α）的影响。方法：采用血清药理学方法,提取慢性肾衰竭大鼠的含药血清作用于体外培养的鼠成纤维细胞体系,观察具有活血化瘀、扶正降浊作用的中药抗纤灵冲剂对成纤维细胞增殖及其分泌形成ECM中主要成份的纤维边结蛋白（FN）,Ⅳ型胶原（C－Ⅳ）、以及TNF－α的影响。结果：抗纤灵冲剂具有抑制成纤维细胞增殖及其分泌FN、C－Ⅳ、细胞因子TNF－α的作用,该抑制作用具有一定的量效关系。结论：成纤维细胞是抗纤灵冲剂发挥治疗作用的重要靶细胞,这可能是该方防治慢性肾衰竭的机制之一。     

肝癌最佳肿瘤标记物及相关指标群的研究

目的：探讨肝癌的最佳标记组合。方法：收集肝癌病人45例和62例健康成人,检测AFP、ERBB-2、IL-2R等27种指标,计算各指标的特异性、阳性预期值、敏感性、阴性预期值、总有效率,及上述5项的平均值。结果：平均值排序前6位的是：TPA、GGT、AFP、FU、AKP、PU;选取AFP=FU、TPA三标记物的敏感性达97.06%,其中前二基的敏感性为92.70%,三项中任一项阳性所致的特异性为63.68%。结论：AFP、FU、TPA是检测肝癌的最佳指标组合。多指标联合检测较单指标检测有更高的特异性的敏感性。     

锦红片对急性胆道感染大鼠血中NO、CRP炎症介质水平的影响

目的：探讨中药锦红片对急性胆道感染时炎症介质一氧化氮（NO）急性反应蛋白C（CRP）的影响。方法：SD大鼠制成急性胆道感染模型,分成A组（模型组）;B组（中药治疗组）;C组（抗生素治疗组）;D组（胆总管结扎组）E组（假手术组）。分别于手术后第3d和手术后第5d取血,做NO、CRP的检测。结果：第3d时A组的NO、CRP明显高于其它各组,B、C两组处于A、E两组之间。第5d时,NO、CRP的总体趋势与第3d相同。结论：中药锦红片能减轻机体在急性胆道感染时的炎症反应。     

腹部外科SIRS患者下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴的功能改变及机制探讨

目的：研究SIRS状态下下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴的功能改变并探讨其机制。方法：应用放射免疫分析方法测定25例病人的血清T3、T4、rT3、TSH、TRH水平,并与20例正常对照进行比较。结果：SIRS病人血清T3、T4水平低于对照组。TSH和TRH水平观察组高于对照组。结论：SIRS病人下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴的功能出现紊乱,其可能的机制是由于甲状腺本身的功能受到抑制以及应激刺激作用的结果。     

活血化瘀药对实验性急性出血坏死性胰腺炎肝损伤的保护作用

目的：研究活血化瘀中药丹参和大黄抗急性出血坏死性胰腺炎肝损伤的作用。方法：80只雌性SD大鼠随机分成假手术组（SO）,对照组（control)、前列腺素E1（PGE1）和彤参大黄组（DD）,Aho法造模;观察指标;血清AST、ALT、TB、DB和DB/TB,血清,腹水,肝组织NO及胰腺,肝脏病理改变。结果：前列腺素E1和丹参大黄能明显降低模型大鼠血清AST、ALT、TB、DB、DB/TB水平,抑制血清,腹水,肝组织NO水平,在保护肝组织结构方面丹参和大黄比前列腺素E1作用更强。结论：活血化瘀中药丹参和大黄对大鼠急性出血坏死民生胰腺炎肝损伤有保护作用。     

Percutaneous video choledochoscopic treatment of retained biliary stones via dilated T-tube tract

Background: Retained biliary stones is a common clinical problem in patients after surgery for complicated gallstone disease. When postoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and endoscopic sphincterotomy are unsuccessful, several percutaneous procedures for stone removal can be applied as alternatives to relaparotomy. These procedures are performed either under fluoroscopic control or with the use of choledochoscopy, but it is also possible to combine these methods. Methods: Since 1994, we have used the percutaneous video choledochoscopic technique for the removal of difficult retained biliary stones via dilated T-tube tract in 17 patients, applying the technique of percutaneous stone extraction used in urology. While waiting for the T-tube tract to mature and after the removal of the T-tube, the dilatation of its tract was 26--30 Fr. Stone removal was carried out using a flexible video choledochoscope and a rigid renoscope under fluoroscopic control, with the aid of Dormia baskets, rigid forceps, and high-pressure irrigation. Results: We performed 23 operative procedures, and the clearance of the biliary ducts was successful in all cases. There were no major complications or deaths. Conclusion: Percutaneous video choledochoscopic--assisted removal of large retained biliary stones via the T-tube tract is a highly effective and safe procedure. Its advantages over other procedures include the ability to visualize the stones and noncalculous filling defects; it also guarantees that the stones can be removed under visual video endoscopic control. It has no problems related to tract or stone size. apd: 21 December 2000     

Surgical correction of Scheuermann's kyphosis

This is a retrospective study of eight consecutive patients of mean age 19 (13-27) years with severe Scheuermann's kyphosis who underwent anterior and/or posterior fusion using the Cotrel-Dubousset (CD) instrumentation. In two an anterior release and fusion with rib grafts had been previously performed. The mean follow-up was 5 years. The preoperative hyperkyphosis averaged 86 degrees (71 degrees - 99 degrees), which was postoperatively 44 degrees (32 degrees - 58 degrees). The average loss of correction was 4.6 degrees (1 degrees - 12 degrees). The lumbar hyperlordosis spontaneously improved from -67 degrees to -48 degrees. Two patients, who had chronic back pain refractory to conservative treatment, improved considerably after surgery.