刍议颅颌面种植材料生物学评价试验项目选择

以种植义齿为基础,以牙种植技术扩展应用于颅颌面部的颅颌面种植学,正在开始发展形成一个崭新的新医学工程,种植(植入)体及其材料是其物质基础,而种植体及材料的标准化是颅颌面种植事业健康发展的前提之一,种植材料的生物学评价的规范化则是其核心问题。目前国内外尚无这方面专门标准,因此在等待建立这专项标准之际,参考已有或正在形成的标准,探讨适用于颅颌面种植材料的生物学评价的指标和方法,以利现阶段包括牙种植体在内的颅颌面种植材料及其器件的研究和发展。 国内外可供参考的标准(包括正待公布的标准):     

A polycaprolactone-β-tricalcium phosphate–heparan sulphate device for cranioplasty

Background

Cranioplasty is a surgical procedure used to treat a bone defect or deformity in the skull. To date, there is little consensus on the standard-of-care for graft materials used in such a procedure. Graft materials must have sufficient mechanical strength to protect the underlying brain as well as the ability to integrate and support new bone growth. Also, the ideal graft material should be individually customized to the contours of the defect to ensure a suitable aesthetic outcome for the patient.

630名四川农村成人牙本质敏感流行病学调查分析

目的 了解四川省农村成人牙本质敏感的患病状况,并探讨可能的危险因素.方法 采用多阶段、分层、等容量、随机抽样的方法,对四川省农村630名成人进行牙本质敏感问卷调查和口腔临床检查,使用SPSS 18.0软件对调查数据进行统计分析.结果 四川省农村成人牙本质敏感的患病率为27.9%,酸刺激是最常见的敏感诱发因素.第一前磨牙...     

人牙周膜成纤维细胞在无血清培养液中的生长特性

目的：探讨人牙周膜成纤维细胞在无血清培养液中的生长特性。方法：用倒置显微镜和MTT法观察人牙周膜成纤维细胞在无血清培养液中的生长和增殖变化。结果：人牙周膜成纤维细胞在无血清培养条件下可以生长的增殖，但与含血清培养液相比，其增殖速率变缓，分化明显。结论：无血清培养液可应用于人牙周膜成纤维细胞的体外培养和实验研究中。     

Inverted U-Shaped Associations between Glycemic Indices and Serum Uric Acid Levels in the General Chinese Population: Findings from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) Study

Objective The relationship between serum uric acid(SUA)levels and glycemic indices,including plasma glucose(FPG),2-hour postload glucose(2 h-PG),and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1 c),remains inconclusive.We aimed to explore the associations between glycemic indices and SUA levels in the general Chinese population.Methods The current study was a cross-sectional analysis using the first follow-up survey data from The China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort Study.A total of 105,922 community-dwelling adults aged≥40 years underwent the oral glucose tolerance test and uric acid assessment.The nonlinear relationships between glycemic indices and SUA levels were explored using generalized additive models.Results A total of 30,941 men and 62,361 women were eligible for the current analysis.Generalized additive models verified the inverted U-shaped association between glycemic indices and SUA levels,but with different inflection points in men and women.The thresholds for FPG,2 h-PG,and HbA1 c for men and women were 6.5/8.0 mmol/L,11.0/14.0 mmol/L,and 6.1/6.5,respectively(SUA levels increased with increasing glycemic indices before the inflection points and then eventually decreased with further increases in the glycemic indices).Conclusion An inverted U-shaped association was observed between major glycemic indices and uric acid levels in both sexes,while the inflection points were reached earlier in men than in women.     

National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for Children 0-17 Years of Age in China

The main purpose of the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children 0-17 years of age in China (CNHSC) was to collect basic data on the nutrition, development, and health status for children in different regions across China using evidence-based, reliable, and cost-effective approaches. Children and their parents or guardians from seven regions (south, southwest, north, northwest, eastern, central, and northeast China) in China were recruited. A multi-stage stratified randomized sampling method was used. Two provinces were randomly sampled from each of the seven regions, from which one urban district and one rural country were also randomly sampled, resulting in a total of 28 survey counties/districts. Dietary surveys, health examinations, laboratory testing, and questionnaires were used to collect dietary intake, nutritional status, child development, and health status information. Nutrition, health, and lifestyle assessment of children and their parents was determined using the Knowledge Attitude Practice (KAP) survey. Greater than 100,000 children (38,000 children < 6 years of age and 66,000 children 6-17 years of age) completed the survey. The survey provided comprehensive data on child nutrition and health status for future studies and will serve as the basis for an integrated nutrition and health improvement strategies proposal for children in China.     

凝血酶调节蛋白、纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物-1与儿童免疫性血小板减少症的相关性

目的探讨凝血酶调节蛋白(TM)、纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物-1(PAI-1)与儿童免疫性血小板减少症(IPT)的相关性。方法选取2018年9月~2019年12月期间的70例ITP患儿作为研究对象,设为ITP组。选取同期进行体检的儿童50例作为对照组。比较各组间血清TM、PAI-1水平及PLT。结果ITP组血清TM、PAI-1水平显著高于对照组,PLT显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。ITP组治疗后血清TM、PAI-1水平显著低于治疗前,PLT显著高于治疗前(P<0.05)。经过Pearson相关性分析,ITP患者血清TM、PAI-1水平与PLT均呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论血清TM、PAI-1水平与儿童IPT密切相关,可以作为临床疾病监测的辅助指标。     

遗传性神经系统离子通道病基因治疗的研究进展

目的遗传性神经系统离子通道病现有的治疗方法往往难以控制病情或者患者耐受度较低,因此探索新的治疗方法势在必行。基因治疗在多项研究中显示可能应用于神经系统疾病,并可能成为未来遗传性神经系统离子通道病的有效治疗手段。同时,光遗传学、化学遗传学方法、基因编辑技术的不断进步也为遗传性神经系统离子通道病的基因治疗提供了良好的发展基础。我们将就遗传性神经系统离子通道病基因治疗的方法机制、转导载体、启动子及给药途径作一综述。     

Novel mGluR5 Positive Allosteric Modulator Improves Functional Recovery,Attenuates Neurodegeneration,and Alters Microglial Polarization after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes microglial activation and related neurotoxicity that contributes to chronic neurodegeneration and loss of neurological function. Selective activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) by the orthosteric agonist (RS)-2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine (CHPG), is neuroprotective in experimental models of TBI, and has potent anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. However, the therapeutic potential of CHPG is limited due to its relatively weak potency and brain permeability. Highly potent, selective and brain penetrant mGluR5 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) have been developed and show promise as therapeutic agents. We evaluated the therapeutic potential of a novel mGluR5 PAM, VU0360172, after controlled cortical impact (CCI) in mice. Vehicle, VU0360172, or VU0360172 plus mGluR5 antagonist (MTEP), were administered systemically to CCI mice at 3 h post-injury; lesion volume, hippocampal neurodegeneration, microglial activation, and functional recovery were assessed through 28 days post-injury. Anti-inflammatory effects of VU0360172 were also examined in vitro using BV2 and primary microglia. VU0360172 treatment significantly reduced the lesion, attenuated hippocampal neurodegeneration, and improved motor function recovery after CCI. Effects were mediated by mGluR5 as co-administration of MTEP blocked the protective effects of VU0360172. VU0360172 significantly reduced CD68 and NOX2 expression in activated microglia in the cortex at 28 days post-injury, and also suppressed pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in BV2 and primary microglia. In addition, VU0360172 treatment shifted the balance between M1/M2 microglial activation states towards an M2 pro-repair phenotype. This study demonstrates that VU0360172 confers neuroprotection after experimental TBI, and suggests that mGluR5 PAMs may be promising therapeutic agents for head injury.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13311-014-0298-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Acrylamide exposure impairs blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier function

Previous studies show that chronic acrylamide exposure leads to central and peripheral neu- ropathy. However, the underlying mechanisms remained unclear. In this study, we examined the permeability of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and its ability to secrete transthyretin and transport leptin of rats exposed to acrylamide for 7, 14, 21 or 28 days. Transthyretin levels in cerebrospinal fluid began to decline on day 7 after acrylamide exposure. The sodium fluorescein level in cerebrospinal fluid was increased on day 14 after exposure. Evans blue concentration in cerebrospinal fluid was increased and the cerebrospinal fluid/serum leptin ratio was decreased on days 21 and 28 after exposure. In comparison, the cerebrospinal fluid/serum albumin ratio was increased on day 28 after exposure. Our findings show that acrylamide exposure damages the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and impairs secretory and transport functions. These changes may underlie acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity.