Ahmed青光眼阀植入术后并发症分析及处理

目的探讨不同类型的青光眼采用Ahmed青光眼阀植入术后出现并发症的处理。方法分析23例(26只眼)Ahmed青光眼阀植入术失败的原因,并对其处理措施及疗效进行回顾性分析,术后随访36个月。结果23例(26只眼)Ahmed青光眼阀植入眼压由术前平均(31.84±7.10)mm Hg(8.01~47.03 mm Hg)。术后降至(19.86±7.10)mm Hg(8.01~31.03 mm Hg)。其早期并发症有浅前房、低眼压的9只眼,占34.62%;早期高眼压的7只眼,占26.92%;迟发性脉络膜上腔出血3只眼,占11.54%;因引流盘纤维包裹引起术后中远期高眼压19只眼,占73.08%;引流物蚀出或引流管暴露的4只眼,占15.38%;眶上神经痛1只眼,占3.85%;排异反应1只眼,占3.85%。结论青光眼房水引流管植入术后并发症是不容忽视的,应据情况及时处理。     

Cancer‐like metabolism of the mammalian retina

The retina, like many cancers, produces energy from glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen. This phenomenon is known as aerobic glycolysis and eponymously as the Warburg effect. In recent years, the Warburg effect has become an explosive area of study within the cancer research community. The expanding knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underpinning the Warburg effect in cancer promises to provide a greater understanding of mammalian retinal metabolism and has motivated cancer researchers to target the Warburg effect as a novel treatment strategy for cancer. However, if the molecular mechanisms underlying the Warburg effect are shared by the retina and cancer, treatments targeting the Warburg effect may have serious adverse effects on retinal metabolism. Herein, we provide an updated understanding of the Warburg effect in mammalian retina.     

长期配戴软性接触镜后角膜组织的病理改变

目的：探讨配戴不同时间软性接触镜( SCL)后对患者角膜组织的病理变化。
　　方法：应用共焦显微镜分别检查中低度近视SCL组(150例)和对照组(150例)戴镜1,3,5,8,10a以上的中央角膜和周边角膜的变化。
　　结果：戴镜5 a后SCL组中央角膜基底细胞密度低于对照组(P<0.05),上皮层可见微小囊泡及类似角膜营养不良的角膜小滴,上皮下Langerhans细胞密度及神经纤维曲折度大于对照组( P<0.05)。 SCL组中央角膜浅基质层细胞密度低于对照组(P<0.05),各组基质层中白色点状物密度均高于对照组( P<0.05)。 SCL组内皮细胞形态变化明显,但两组内皮细胞密度无差异( P>0.05)。 SCL组中央角膜上皮层厚度小于对照组(P<0.05)。
　　结论：SCL引起角膜组织的改变随戴镜时间的延长逐渐明显,且这种改变不容忽视。     

糖尿病大鼠玻璃体腔注射缺氧诱导因子-1α siRNA对血管内皮生长因子蛋白表达的影响

目的：观察缺氧诱导因子-1α(hypoxia inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α)小干扰RNA(siRNA)对糖尿病大鼠视网膜组织中血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)蛋白表达的抑制作用,及其用于糖尿病新生血管性疾病治疗的可行性。

方法：以pSilencer2.1-U6neo为质粒载体,构建HIF-1α.siRNA 重组质粒。选取雄性Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠54只,随机分为正常对照组(15只)和实验组(39只)。实验组采用尾静脉注射链尿佐菌素(STZ)的方法建立糖尿病大鼠模型,造模成功后将实验组随机分为糖尿病组(15只)、基因治疗组(12只)和空载体组(12只)。正常对照组及糖尿病组大鼠均不做转染; 基因治疗组和空载体组分别转染HIF-1α.siRNA 重组质粒和pSilencer空载体质粒。行苏木精-伊红染色(hematoxylin-eosin staining,HE染色)观察视网膜组织形态,并采用免疫组织化学法检测VEGF蛋白的表达。分别于干扰后24、48、72h,1wk时计算VEGF蛋白的抑制效率。采用单因素方差分析和LSD-t检验进行统计学分析。

结果：HIF-1α.siRNA 重组质粒经酶切、测序鉴定,确定为目的序列。HE染色显示：正常对照组大鼠视网膜各层细胞排列整齐,细胞形态基本正常。糖尿病大鼠视网膜各层细胞排列紊乱,内界膜不完整,新生血管芽、新生血管簇呈垂直状突破内界膜生长。免疫组织化学染色显示：VEGF阳性表达为细胞浆出现棕黄色颗粒,主要位于神经节细胞层。正常对照组VEGF蛋白呈弱阳性表达,而DR对照组和空载体组表达明显增强,基因治疗组较DR组和空载体组表达明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。VEGF蛋白抑制率24、48、72h和1wk时分别为：27.4%、40.6%、47.5%、64.5%。

结论：HIF-1α.siRNA重组质粒能够抑制糖尿病大鼠视网膜中VEGF蛋白的表达,可能成为一种治疗糖尿病性新生血管疾病的新方法。     

Associations between food insecurity and healthy behaviors among Korean adults

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESFood insecurity has been suggested as being negatively associated with healthy behaviors and health status. This study was performed to identify the associations between food insecurity and healthy behaviors among Korean adults.SUBJECTS/METHODSThe data used were the 2011 Community Health Survey, cross-sectional representative samples of 253 communities in Korea. Food insecurity was defined as when participants reported that their family sometimes or often did not get enough food to eat in the past year. Healthy behaviors were considered as non-smoking, non-high risk drinking, participation in physical activities, eating a regular breakfast, and maintaining a normal weight. Multiple logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to identify the association between food insecurity and healthy behaviors.RESULTSThe prevalence of food insecurity was 4.4% (men 3.9%, women 4.9%). Men with food insecurity had lower odds ratios (ORs) for non-smoking, 0.75 (95% CI: 0.68-0.82), participation in physical activities, 0.82 (95% CI: 0.76-0.90), and eating a regular breakfast, 0.66 (95% CI: 0.59-0.74), whereas they had a higher OR for maintaining a normal weight, 1.19 (95% CI: 1.09-1.30), than men with food security. Women with food insecurity had lower ORs for non-smoking, 0.77 (95% CI: 0.66-0.89), and eating a regular breakfast, 0.79 (95% CI: 0.72-0.88). For men, ORs for obesity were 0.78 (95% CI: 0.70-0.87) for overweight and 0.56 (95% CI: 0.39-0.82) for mild obesity. For women, the OR for moderate obesity was 2.04 (95% CI: 1.14-3.63) as compared with normal weight.CONCLUSIONSFood insecurity has a different impact on healthy behaviors. Provision of coping strategies for food insecurity might be critical to improve healthy behaviors among the population.     

Dual effects of a mixture of grape pomace (Campbell Early) and Omija fruit ethanol extracts on lipid metabolism and the antioxidant defense system in diet-induced obese mice

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

We investigated the effects of a combination of grape pomace (Vitis labrusca, Campbell Early) and Omija fruit (Schizandra chinensis, Baillon) ethanol extracts on lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense system in diet-induced obese mice.

MATERIALS/METHODS

Forty male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups and fed high-fat diet (control group, CON) or high-fat diet added 0.5% grape pomace extract (GPE), 0.05% Omija fruit extract (OFE) or 0.5% GPE plus 0.05% OFE (GPE+OFE) for 12 weeks.

RESULTS

In contrast to the GPE- or OFE-supplemented groups, the GPE+OFE group showed significantly lower body weight and white adipose tissue weights than the CON group. Moreover, GPE+OFE supplementation significantly decreased plasma total cholesterol and increased the plasma HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratio (HTR) compared to the control diet. The hepatic triglyceride level was significantly lower in the GPE+OFE and GPE groups by increasing β-oxidation and decreasing lipogenic enzyme compared to the CON group. Furthermore, GPE+OFE supplementation significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities with a simultaneous decrease in liver H₂O₂ content compared to the control diet.

CONCLUSIONS

Together our results suggest that supplementation with the GPE+OFE mixture may be more effective in improving adiposity, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in high-fat diet-fed mice than those with GPE and OFE alone.     

Determination of uric acid in biological samples by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry and study on pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension in pulmonary artery endothelium cells

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe cardiovascular disease that can lead to vascular remodelling and hypertension. Clinical diagnosis of PAH is very difficult. Uric acid (UA) can act as a biological marker for screening of PAH in patients. Multiple studies have indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the development of PAH. Thus, it is important to study the relationship between UA and ROS based on the pathogenesis of PAH. For monitoring PAH, a high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method was developed to measure the concentration of UA from rat models and pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) models, which were induced by monocrotaline (MCT) and hypoxia, respectively. In addition, the treatment groups were treated by N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger. With the confirmation from hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, the HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was adopted to successfully analyze the concentration of UA. In this study, for the first time, thymine was used as an internal standard (I.S.) of uric acid. The results showed that the UA concentration in the PAH groups was higher than that in the normal groups, while the UA concentration in the treatment groups decreased compared to that in the PAH group (p < 0.05). It was experimentally proven that the HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method is a rapid, efficient and reliable quantitative method to detect PAH. Furthermore, our results indicated that UA and ROS have a double-regulator role.

Thymine firstly was used as an internal standard for uric acid.     

Anti-inflammatory activity of sappanchalcone isolated from Caesalpinia sappan L. in a collagen-induced arthritis mouse model

Archives of Pharmacal Research - Sappanchalcone, a bioactive flavonoid isolated from the heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan L. possesses anti-inflammatory effects. We studied the efficacy of...