北京市东城区公共场所冷却塔使用状况及健康风险评估

目的了解北京市东城区公共场所冷却塔使用及卫生状况,评估各场所冷却塔军团菌病健康风险。方法2018年5—9月,采集东城区内三类共26家公共场所冷却塔冷却水,填写相关调查问卷,通过冷却塔军团菌病健康风险指数模型计算各场所健康风险。结果本次研究中各场所冷却水样本嗜肺军团菌检测均为阴性,合格率为100%。游离性余氯平均为0.15 mg/L。酒店类场所冷却塔规模、加药方式和频率与其他场所有明显差别。26家公共场所健康综合风险平均为61.49,其中军团菌增殖风险、含菌气溶胶传播风险、暴露人群易感风险分别为16.13、22.66和22.70。不同场所冷却塔军团菌病健康风险评估结果存在一定差异,医院类场所健康风险指数高于酒店和商场(F=3.78,P<0.05)。结论冷却塔军团菌病健康风险高低主要受公共场所周围易感人群影响,该地区相关卫生部门应加强对相关易感人群的保护,对各类场所相关政策法规进行制定、完善和实施。     

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Factors Among Somali Immigrants and Refugees

Background

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks are of concern among immigrants and refugees settling in affluent host countries. The prevalence of CVD and risk factors among Somali African immigrants to the U.S. has not been systematically studied.

Methods

In 2015–2016, we surveyed 1156 adult Somalis in a Midwestern metropolitan area using respondent-driven sampling to obtain anthropometric, interview, and laboratory data about CVD and associated risk factors, demographics, and social factors.

Results

The prevalence of diabetes and low physical activity among men and women was high. Overweight, obesity, and dyslipidemia were also particularly prevalent. Levels of calculated CVD risk across the community were greater for men than women.

Conclusion

Though CVD risk is lower among Somalis than the general U.S. population, our results suggest significant prevalence of risk factors among Somali immigrants. Comparison with prior research suggests that CVD risks may be increasing, necessitating thoughtful intervention to prevent adverse population outcomes.

     

Evaluating the psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-5L and SF-6D among patients with haemophilia

The European Journal of Health Economics - The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-5L and SF-6D, and to compare their performance among patients living with...     

北京市胎儿及婴儿先天性脑积水发生情况及婴儿期转归

目的通过对北京市5年先天性脑积水(CH)监测资料分析,了解北京市胎儿及婴儿的CH发生率、诊断及转归。 方法选择2015年1月至2019年12月,北京市出生缺陷监测系统内监测对象(胎龄为13周至生后1岁)中,407例CH患儿(胎儿或婴儿)为研究对象。对其出生缺陷诊断资料进行分析。采用χ²检验,对孤立性与非孤立性CH活产儿婴儿期存活率进行统计学比较。本研究遵循的程序符合2013年新修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求。 结果本研究时间(5年)内,北京市胎儿及1岁内婴儿的CH发生率为3.60×10^-4(407/1 129 861)。这407例CH患儿中,82例(20.15%)合并颅外畸形,20例(4.91%)合并染色体异常;CH胎儿的产前诊断率为92.38%(376/407),超声检出CH胎儿时,其胎龄为24周(23~35周),其中胎龄≥28周者占26.06%(98/376)。376例产前被诊断的CH胎儿中,44例采取产前胎儿超声联合MRI检查,而且通过胎儿MRI检查对4例胎儿的颅内畸形具体类型进行了补充诊断。本研究未发现CH患儿的孕母合并宫内感染;103例CH活产儿中,73例孤立性CH患儿的婴儿期(1岁内)存活率为72.6%(53/73),高于30例非孤立性CH患儿的婴儿期存活率(60.0%,18/30),二者比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论北京市在预防出生缺陷发生的三级防控体系中,对CH胎儿与婴儿的一级、二级防控已取得效果。对孕妇全孕期多次动态胎儿超声检查,必要时联合胎儿MRI检查,对非孤立性CH胎儿同时采取细胞遗传学和分子遗传学检测,可进一步提高CH患儿的防控效果。     

2019年秦皇岛市超重肥胖人群采取体重控制措施及影响因素分析

目的了解秦皇岛市超重肥胖人群采取体重控制措施情况,分析其影响因素。方法于2019年采用多阶段分层整群抽样法选取秦皇岛市3352名18~79岁超重肥胖者为调查对象,进行面对面问卷调查。采用SPSS 22.0软件进行χ^2检验和多因素非条件Logistic回归分析。结果秦皇岛市超重肥胖人群采取体重控制措施率为13.9%。不同控制措施构成比例由高到低依次为控制饮食(41.3%)、控制饮食和运动组合措施(33.0%),加强运动措施(24.0%)、采取药物控制措施(1.7%)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:性别、年龄、文化程度、城乡、经济收入、高血压及血脂异常均是超重肥胖者采取体重控制措施的影响因素。女性(OR=1.646,95%CI:1.226~2.210)、≥65岁人群高年龄(与18~40岁相比,OR=1.445,95%CI:1.130~1.848)、初中及高中和大专及以上(与小学及以下相比,初中及高中OR=1.885,95%CI:1.225~2.902;大专及以上OR=1.581,95%CI:1.096~2.281)、城镇(OR=1.948,95%CI:1.579~2.403)、中等收入和高收入(与低收入相比,中等收入OR=2.276,95%CI:1.716~3.020;高收入OR=2.181,95%CI:1.617~2.941)、高血压(OR=1.500,95%CI:1.153~1.951)、血脂异常(OR=1.568,95%CI:1.096~2.281)均是超重肥胖者采取体重控制措施的影响因素,均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论秦皇岛市超重肥胖人群采取体重控制措施率较低,饮食和运动相结合的控制措施最有利于超重肥胖人群,应针对不同特征群体开展针对性干预措施。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎下护理人员心理状况调查及应对策略研究

目的 了解郑州市新型冠状病毒肺炎患者定点收治医院护理人员的心理状况,从而为应对突发公共卫生事件医务人员的心理卫生、心理干预咨询提供参考的理论依据及指导.方法 选择本市新型冠状病毒肺炎疑似及确诊患者定点救治医院护理人员,共收集到462名护理人员信息,采用填写网络问卷SCL-90量表的方法进行调查,并与常模数据做对比,用SPSS19.0统计软件进行统计分析.结果 最终完成436名护理人员调查统计与分析,SCL-90量表总得分为(144.51±36.20),高于1986年全国常模(129.96±38.26)分以及2006年全国常模(130.021±33.626)分.其中,躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖因子分高于护士常模(P＜0.05)及全国常模(P＜0.05).结论 新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间,本市护理人员存在一定的心理压力.我们应注意到护理人员的心理压力以及引起压力的主要危险因素,并采取积极有效的方式应对,采取针对性措施进行疏导,减轻护理人员的心理压力,保证护理人员工作有效顺利进行.     

A Cross-Country Network Analysis of Adolescent Resilience

PurposeIn situations of adversity, young people draw on individual, relational, and contextual (community and cultural) resources to foster their resilience. Recent literature defines resilience as a capacity that is underpinned by a network of interrelated resources. Although empirical studies show evidence of the value of a network approach, little is known regarding how different country contexts influence which resources are most critical within a resource network and how resources interact for adolescent resilience.MethodsNetwork analysis was conducted with data from studies that had used the Child and Youth Resilience Measure. Regularized partial correlation networks of 17 resources were estimated for 14 countries (Botswana, Canada, China, Colombia, Equatorial Guinea, India, Indonesia, Italy, Jordan, New Zealand, the Philippines, Romania, South Africa, and Syrian refugees living in Jordan). The sample size was 18,914 (mean age = 15.70 years, 48.8% female).ResultsWe observed mostly positive associations between the resources of interest. The salience and strength of associations between resources varied by country. The most central resource across countries was having supportive caregivers during stressful times because this resource had the most and strongest positive associations with other resources.ConclusionsThis study gives first empirical evidence from multiple countries that an interplay of social–ecological resources (such as individual skills, peer, caregiver and community support, and educational aspirations and opportunities) matter for adolescent resilience. Across countries, caregiver support appears to be most central for adolescent resilience. Future resilience interventions might apply this network approach to identify important, contextually relevant resources that likely foster additional resources.     

ELABELA通过调控AKT信号通路影响滋养细胞侵袭的研究

目的 探讨ELABELA(ELA)对妊娠滋养细胞(Bewo细胞)侵袭行为的影响及其可能的作用机制。方法 用siRNA-ELA转染处于对数生长期的Bewo细胞,分为siRNA-ELA转染组,阴性对照组(细胞转染无意义序列)及空白组,细胞转染后于倒置显微镜下观察转染效率,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测转染后各组细胞中ELA mRNA表达并明确沉默效率。划痕实验测定各组细胞迁移能力,Transwell实验测定各组细胞的迁移、侵袭能力。蛋白质免疫印迹法检测各组细胞p-AKT、MMP9蛋白表达水平。结果 si-ELA组的ELA表达量明显低于si-NC组及空白组(P<0.001),且si-NC组与空白组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);siRNA-ELA组细胞的迁移及侵袭能力均明显低于空白组(P<0.01;P<0.01);siRNA-ELA组p-AKT蛋白及MMP9蛋白表达水平明显低于空白组(p-AKT P<0.01;MMP9 P<0.001)。结论 敲低ELA可抑制滋养细胞的侵袭及迁移能力,其机制可能与AKT信号通路有关。