全文获取类型
收费全文 | 627篇 |
免费 | 20篇 |
国内免费 | 9篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 5篇 |
儿科学 | 34篇 |
妇产科学 | 4篇 |
基础医学 | 81篇 |
口腔科学 | 11篇 |
临床医学 | 73篇 |
内科学 | 137篇 |
皮肤病学 | 44篇 |
神经病学 | 17篇 |
特种医学 | 92篇 |
外科学 | 27篇 |
综合类 | 6篇 |
预防医学 | 27篇 |
眼科学 | 10篇 |
药学 | 61篇 |
中国医学 | 3篇 |
肿瘤学 | 24篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 3篇 |
2020年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 3篇 |
2015年 | 6篇 |
2014年 | 8篇 |
2013年 | 17篇 |
2012年 | 11篇 |
2011年 | 8篇 |
2010年 | 21篇 |
2009年 | 15篇 |
2008年 | 7篇 |
2007年 | 14篇 |
2006年 | 6篇 |
2005年 | 5篇 |
2004年 | 7篇 |
2003年 | 8篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 7篇 |
1999年 | 13篇 |
1998年 | 25篇 |
1997年 | 29篇 |
1996年 | 39篇 |
1995年 | 28篇 |
1994年 | 29篇 |
1993年 | 17篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 19篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 29篇 |
1988年 | 28篇 |
1987年 | 27篇 |
1986年 | 20篇 |
1985年 | 23篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1975年 | 8篇 |
1974年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
1969年 | 3篇 |
1966年 | 6篇 |
1928年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有656条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Association of long‐term glycaemic control on tear break‐up times and dry eye symptoms in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes 下载免费PDF全文
Andre Ma BA Martin SY Mak Kendrick Co Shih FCOphth Claudia KY Tsui MSc Rachel KY Cheung Sherman H Lee Hubert Leung Joyce NS Leung Jason TH Leung Marco Z Van‐Boswell Michael TL Wong Alex Lap‐Ki Ng FRCS Chi‐Ho Lee FHKCP Vishal Jhanji FRCS Louis Tong FRCS PhD 《Clinical & experimental ophthalmology》2018,46(6):608-615
62.
63.
A. E. M. SMALS G. F. F. M. PIETERS A. G. H. SMALS TH. J. BENRAAD P. W. C. KLOPPENBORG 《Clinical endocrinology》1986,24(4):401-407
An absent or severely blunted hGH response to an i.v. bolus injection (100 micrograms) of human pancreatic growth hormone releasing hormone (hpGRF 1-44) was found in seven female patients with Cushing's syndrome (five with pituitary dependent Cushing's disease and two due to an adrenal adenoma) and four men with pituitary dependent Cushing's disease. Three of the female and three of the male patients had an adequate hypoglycaemia after insulin administration. All these patients showed an absent or blunted hGH response after insulin induced hypoglycaemia. The GHRH data in these patients are in agreement with those in older literature on hGH responsiveness to stimuli such as L-dopa, arginine and insulin induced hypoglycaemia. It is concluded that hypercortisolism inhibits hGH release to various stimuli at the pituitary level. 相似文献
64.
G. BOUMA J. B. A. CRUSIUS M. OUDKERK POOL J. J. KOLKMAN B. M. E. VON BLOMBERG P. J. KOSTENSE M. J. GIPHART G. M. TH. SCHREUDER S. G. M. MEUWISSEN & A. S. PEÑA 《Scandinavian journal of immunology》1996,43(4):456-463
The genes for tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and lymphotoxin alpha (LTα; TNFβ) are tandemly arranged in the central region of the MHC. They may, therefore, be of importance for the aetiology of MHC-associated diseases. The authors have prospectively studied the secretion of TNFα and LTα in relation to polymorphisms at positions -308 and -238 in the TNFα gene (TNFA), and two polymorphisms in the first intron of the LTα gene (LTA), as well as HLA-DR in 30 patients with chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and 12 healthy controls. In the Dutch population, the alleles of these four polymorphisms are present in only five combinations, called TNF-haplotypes: TNF-C, -E, -H, -I, and -P. Significant associations between TNF haplotypes and TNFα and LTα secretion were found when PBMC were cultured with T-cell activators, irrespective of disease. Mean TNFα secretion of individuals carrying the HLA-DR3 associated TNF-E haplotype was significantly higher, as compared to individuals without this haplotype (26 441 pg/ml versus 19 629 pg/ml; P = 0.014). Individuals carrying the TNF-C haplotype produced the lowest amount of TNFα (17 408 pg/ml; P = 0.022). The TNF-C and TNF-E haplotypes differ only at position -308 in the promoter of TNFA. Individuals carrying the HLA-DR1 associated TNF-I haplotype produced significantly less LTα when compared to those who lack this haplotype (1979 pg/ml versus 3462 pg/ml; P = 0.006). As the TNF-I haplotype is also associated with low TNFα secretion, this haplotype thus defines a ‘low secretor phenotype’. In conclusion, this is the first study to show associations between TNF haplotypes and TNFα and LTα secretion when T-cell stimulators are used. These findings will contribute to define disease heterogeneity in IBD and may be of relevance for understanding the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. 相似文献
65.
R. Schicho M. Schemann † M. A. Pabst ‡ P. Holzer & I. TH. Lippe 《Neurogastroenterology and motility》2003,15(1):33-44
Challenge of the rat gastric mucosa with 0.5 mol L(-1) HCl activates nitrergic neurons in the myenteric plexus as visualized by c-Fos immunohistochemistry. In the present study, we characterized the activated neurons more extensively by their chemical coding and investigated whether a neural pathway that involves capsaicin-sensitive extrinsic afferents and/or cholinergic neurons transmitting via nicotinic receptors contributes to the activation of myenteric neurons. In multiple labelling experiments, c-Fos was examined for co-localization with nitric oxide synthase (NOS), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), enkephalin (ENK), gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), substance P (SP), calbindin D-28k (CALB) and neurofilament 145 (NF 145). All c-Fos-positive neurons were immunoreactive for NOS, VIP, NPY and NF 145, but not for SP, ENK, GRP and CALB. Nerve fibres co-expressing NOS, VIP and NPY were predominantly found in the external muscle layer and in the muscularis mucosae but rarely in the mucosa. Pre-treatment with capsaicin or hexamethonium or a combination of both pre-treatments reduced HCl-induced c-Fos expression by 54, 66 and 63%, respectively. Acid challenge of the stomach, therefore, leads to activation of presumably inhibitory motor neurons responsible for muscle relaxation. Activation of these neurons is partly mediated by capsaicin-sensitive afferents and involves ganglionic transmission via nicotinic receptors. 相似文献
66.
Ocular symptoms in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis arise partly from direct contact of the allergen with the conjunctiva and presumably partly from a naso-lacrimal reflex. The aim was to study the importance of this reflex in allergic rhinitis after topical anaesthesia of the nose. Ten patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis lo birch pollen were challenged with increasing intranasal doses of allergen until allergic symptoms occurred. The same dose of allergen was used in two other provocations, when the nasal cavity was anaesthetized with topical lidocaine in a double-blind rundomized cross-over manner. The effect on the eyes was evaluated by Shirmer's test, a routine method for measuring tear production. Lidocaine per se and/or allergen challenge had no significant effect on tear production. The naso-lacrimal reflex was not involved in the eye symptoms, in allergic conjunctivitis. 相似文献
67.
68.
69.
Improved outcome in adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia 总被引:11,自引:6,他引:11
Hoelzer D; Ludwig WD; Thiel E; Gassmann W; Loffler H; Fonatsch C; Rieder H; Heil G; Heinze B; Arnold R; Hossfeld D; Buchner T; Koch P; Freund M; Hiddemann W; Maschmeyer G; Heyll A; Aul C; Faak T; Kuse R; Ittel TH; Gramatzki M; Diedrich H; Kolbe K; Uberla K 《Blood》1996,87(2):495-508
A total of 68 adult patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) were treated in three consecutive adult multicenter ALL studies. The diagnosis of B-ALL was confirmed by L3 morphology and/or by surface immunoglobulin (Slg) expression with > 25% blast cell infiltration in the bone marrow (BM). They were characterized by male predominance (78%) and a median age of 34 years (15 to 65 y) with only 9% adolescents (15 to 20 y), but 28% elderly patients (50 to 65 y). The patients received either a conventional (N = 9) ALL treatment regimen (ALL study 01/81) or protocols adapted from childhood B-ALL with six short, intensive 5-day cycles, alternately A and B. In study B-NHL83 (N = 24) cycle A consisted of fractionated doses of cyclophosphamide 200 mg/m2 for 5 days, intermediate-dose methotrexate (IdM) 500 mg/m2 (24 hours), in addition to cytarabine (AraC), teniposide (VM26) and prednisone. Cycle B was similar except that AraC and VM26 were replaced by doxorubicin. Major changes in study B-NHL86 (N = 35) were replacement of cyclophosphamide by ifosphamide 800 mg/m2 for 5 days, an increase of IdM to high-dose, 1,500 mg/m2 (HdM) and the addition of vincristine. A cytoreductive pretreatment with cyclophosphamide 200 mg/m2, and prednisone 60 mg/m2, each for 5 days was recommended in study B-NHL83 for patients with high white blood cell (WBC) count (> 2,500/m2) or large tumor burden and was obligatory for all patients in study B-NHL86. Central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis/treatment consisted of intrathecal methotrexate (MTX) therapy, later extended to the triple combination of MTX, AraC, and dexamethasone, and a CNS irradiation (24 Gy) after the second cycle. Compared with the ALL 01/81 study where all the patients died, results obtained with the pediatric protocols B-NHL83 and B-NHL86 were greatly improved. The complete remission (CR) rates increased from 44% to 63% and 74%, the probability of leukemia free survival (LFS) from 0% to 50% and 71% (P = .04), and the overall survival rates from 0% to 49% and 51% (P = .001). Toxicity, mostly hematotoxicity and mucositis, was severe but manageable. In both studies B-NHL83 and B-NHL86, almost all relapses occurred within 1 year. The time to relapse was different for BM, 92 days, and for isolated CNS and combined BM and CNS relapses, 190 days (P = .08). The overall CNS relapses changed from 50% to 57% and 17%, most probably attributable to the high-dose MTX and the triple intrathecal therapy. LFS in studies B-NHL83 and B-NHL86 was significantly influenced by the initial WBC count < or > 50,000/microL, LFS 71% versus 29% (P = .003) and hemoglobin value > or < 8 g/dL, LFS 67% versus 27% (P = .02). Initial CNS involvement had no adverse impact on the outcome. Elderly B- ALL patients (> 50 years) also benefited from this treatment with a CR rate of 56% and a LFS of 56%. It is concluded that this short intensive therapy with six cycles is effective in adult B-ALL. HdM and fractionated higher doses of cyclophosphamide or ifosphamide seem the two major components of treatment. 相似文献
70.
Recovery of T cell subsets after autologous bone marrow transplantation is mainly due to proliferation of mature T cells in the graft 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3
de Gast GC; Verdonck LF; Middeldorp JM; The TH; Hekker A; v.d. Linden JA; Kreeft HA; Bast BJ 《Blood》1985,66(2):428-431
In 22 patients with malignancies, treated with high-dose chemoradiotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT), peripheral blood T cell subsets and functions were studied. In ten cytomegalovirus (CMV)-negative patients, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (representing T cells of the helper/inducer phenotype and T cells of the suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype, respectively), recovered slowly and simultaneously. In 12 CMV-positive patients, however, CD8+ T cells recovered more rapidly than CD4+ T cells and rose to increased counts. No T cells with an immature phenotype (CD1+, OKT6+) were observed. Lymphocyte stimulation by herpes simplex virus infected fibroblasts (and by CMV-infected fibroblasts in CMV-positive patients) in contrast remained high and even increased after BMT in both groups. These data indicate that T cell recovery after autologous BMT is mainly due to proliferation of mature T cells present in the BM graft and not to generation of new T cells from T cell precursors. 相似文献