银屑病患者损伤处皮肤间充质干细胞对T细胞增殖的影响

BACKGROUND:Studies have found abnormalities in the biological activity and cytokine levels of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from psoriasis patients, while the biological activity of skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells from psoriasis lesions is rarely reported.  OBJECTIVE: To explore the influences of skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells from psoriasis lesions on T cell proliferation METHODS:After isolation and culture, skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells from psoriasis lesions and normal controls were separately co-cultured with peripheral blood T cells. T cell proliferation was detected using MTT assay, and levels of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor β1 in cell supernatant determined using ELISA method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells from both psoriasis lesions and normal controls significantly inhibited T cell proliferation (P < 0.05). Furthermore, skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells from psoriasis lesions exhibited a weaker inhibitory effect on T cell proliferation than normal skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells (P < 0.05). Skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells from psoriasis lesions significantly increased epidermal growth factor but reduced transforming growth factor β1 compared with the normal skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells (P < 0.05). In conclusion, maybe the imbalances of growth factor levels due to skin injury elicit a decrease in the inhibitory effect of skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells from psoriasis lesions on T lymphocytes.     

椎弓根螺钉及颈椎体螺钉置入内固定后的生物力学及稳定性比较

BACKGROUND: From the point of view of human anatomy, the load of the spine is more. When the body moves, the range of activities, and activity are relatively large. After screws were implanted in the spine, if biomechanical properties and stability are not up to the standard, it easily leads to lack of grip force of screw and screw loosening so as to increase the incidence of complications after treatment.      

Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of PD-L1 in patients with renal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis based on 1863 individuals

The prognostic significance of PD-L1 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) had been investigated in previous studies; however, the results remain controversial. The primary aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the prognostic and clinicopathological significance of the PD-L1 expression in patients with RCC. Relevant literature was identified form PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane library, which compared the prognostic significance between PD-L1 expression and RCC. Hazard ratios (HRs) for survival outcomes and odds ratios (ORs) for clinical parameters associated with PD-L1 were extracted from eligible studies. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² value. The fixed-effects model was used if there was no evidence of heterogeneity; otherwise, the random-effects model was used. Publication bias was evaluated using Begg’s funnel plots and Egger’s regression test. A total of 1863 patients from ten eligible studies were analyzed. The results showed that PD-L1 expression is associated with poor overall survival in clear cell RCC (ccRCC) (HR = 2.76, 95%CI: 2.25–3.38, I² = 14.4%, P < 0.001) and non-clear cell RCC (non-ccRCC) (HR = 2.77, 95%CI: 1.62–4.72, I² = 28.8%, P < 0.001). In addition, PD-L1 expression was found to be significantly associated with primary tumor stage (OR = 1.76, 95%CI: 1.39–2.23; I² = 56.3%), regional lymph node involvement (OR = 2.10, 95%CI: 1.48–2.98; I² = 14.9%), distant metastases (OR = 2.69, 95%CI: 2.05–3.54; I² = 0.0%), nuclear grade (OR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.32–2.23; I² = 79.4%) and histologic tumor necrosis (OR = 2.25, 95%CI: 1.59–3.18; I² = 66.1%) in patients with RCC. The outcome stability was confirmed by sensitivity analysis. Both the Begg’s funnel plot test (P = 0.276) and the Egger’s (P = 0.388) verified that there was no publication bias within the included studies. This study suggests that PD-L1 expression is correlated with poor prognosis and advanced clinicopathological features in RCC patients.     

Preparation and properties of cryogel based on poly(hydroxypropyl methacrylate)

A novel supermacroporous poly(hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (p(HPMA)) cryogel was synthesized by cryogelation method at –16 °C. In this synthesis process, HPMA was used as a monomer, and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAAm) was used as cross-linker; the reaction was carried out in the presence of redox initiator pair N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylene diamine (TEMED) and ammonium persulfate (APS). The effect of monomer concentration, cross-linker content, cooling rate, and dioxane co-solvent were determined with respect to the pore structure, mechanical behavior, swelling degree, and porosity of cryogel. The ESEM images indicate that the pore wall structure of cryogels was rough; moreover, small holes were present in the pore walls of cryogels. The result of compression test indicates that cryogels can be compressed by at least 80% without any breakdown. The result of swelling kinetics indicates that cryogels attain swelling equilibrium in 10 s. Furthermore, p(HPMA)-Cu²⁺ cryogel was prepared by loading Cu²⁺ ions on functionalized poly(hydroxypropyl methacrylate)-iminodiacetic acid (p(HPMA)-IDA) cryogel. We investigated the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on cryogels. The results indicate that compared to Freundlich isotherm, Langmuir isotherm could more suitably describe the adsorption process of BSA on cryogels. Meanwhile, the adsorption capacity of p(HPMA)-Cu²⁺ cryogel was significantly greater than that of p(HPMA) cryogel. The maximum adsorption capacity of BSA on p(HPMA)-Cu²⁺ cryogel, which was treated with 1 M Cu²⁺ ions, was as high as 196.87 mg/g cryogel (equivalent to 20.48 mg/mL cryogel) at 25 °C and pH = 7.8; therefore, the maximum adsorption capacity of BSA on p(HPMA)-Cu²⁺ cryogel was 4.35 times higher than that of p(HPMA) cryogel. Thus, the adsorption capacity of cryogels was strongly influenced by Cu²⁺ concentration, moreover, temperature changes clearly affected the adsorption capacity of p(HPMA)-Cu²⁺cryogel. The adsorption capacity at 25 °C was twice as that at 15 °C. By calculating Gibbs free energy change (?G) of adsorption, we found that the adsorption process was spontaneous; moreover, adsorption process occurred better at higher temperature.     

儿童蜗神经孔发育不良的低剂量螺旋 CT 诊断简

目的探讨在低剂量CT扫描条件下儿童蜗神经孔发育不良的CT诊断。方法蜗神经孔发育不良患儿35例,其中男性15例,女性20例：年龄3个月～12岁,中位年龄6岁。在低剂量CT扫描的条件下观察35例（48耳）感音性神经耳聋患儿蜗神经孔横径．探讨蜗神经孔发育不良的CT特征。结果诊断蜗神经孔狭窄23例31耳,轴位孔径最大1．4mm,最小O．5mm。双侧8例．单侧15例：其中左侧9例,右侧6例。蜗神经孔封闭12例17耳,双侧5例,单侧7例;其中左侧3例．右侧4例。30耳内听道狭窄,约占63％。结论儿童蜗神经孔发育不良的CT表现为蜗神经孔狭窄或封闭．低剂量螺旋CT扫描是蜗神经孔发育不良的有效诊断方法。     

基质细胞衍生因子-1α和白细胞介素-1β诱导淋巴管内皮表型的作用

目的探讨基质细胞衍生因子-1α(SDF-1α)及白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)诱导内皮细胞表达淋巴管表型的作用。方法 SDF-1α和IL-1β分别诱导内皮细胞株CRL-1730,用Real-time PCR、Western blotting及免疫细胞化学等方法检测其内皮及淋巴管标志物,的表达情况。结果 SDF-1α诱导培养之后,CRL-1730细胞株的内皮细胞标志物血管性血友病因子(vWF)、血管内皮钙黏蛋白(VE-cadherin)、血管内皮生长因子受体(VEGFR)2随其浓度增高而表达降低,淋巴管标志物平足蛋白(podoplanin)、同源异形盒蛋白-1(Prox-1)和淋巴管内皮透明质酸受体-1(LYVE-1)随其浓度增高而表达增高。IL-1β诱导之后,CRL-1730细胞株的vWF、VEGFR2和podoplanin、prox-1、LYVE-1的变化趋势同SDF-1α,而VE-cadherin的表达量基本不变。结论 SDF-1α和IL-1β都能够诱导血管内皮细胞表达淋巴管标志物。     

Chronic psychological stress promotes lung metastatic colonization of circulating breast cancer cells by decorating a pre‐metastatic niche through activating β‐adrenergic signaling

Numerous studies have indicated that primary tumors induce the formation of a pre‐metastatic niche in distant organs by secreting tumor‐derived factors. The present study shows that pre‐exposure to chronic stress enhanced lung colonization efficiency by circulating tumor cells, suggesting that chronic stress critically influences pre‐metastatic lungs before the arrival of disseminated tumor cells. Ablation of the sympathetic nerve function by 6‐OHDA or blockage of the β‐adrenergic signaling by propranolol remarkably suppressed stress‐induced lung metastasis. Depletion of circulating monocytes or lung macrophages strongly abolished stress‐induced lung seeding by tumor cells, whereas treatment of mice with the β‐adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (ISO) during the pre‐metastatic phase promoted the infiltration of macrophages to the lung. Meanwhile, the numbers of monocytes in peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow were remarkably increased in response to ISO stimulation. These data indicate that the β‐adrenergic signaling promotes lung metastatic colonization by tumor cells through increased output of monocytes in the pre‐metastatic phase and infiltration of macrophages into the pre‐metastatic lung. Mechanistic studies revealed that ISO stimulation upregulated the expression of CCL2 in pulmonary stromal cells and CCR2 in monocytes/macrophages, leading to the recruitment and infiltration of macrophages into the pre‐metastatic lung. By inducing a response of monocytes/macrophages driven by the CCL2/CCR2 axis, stress‐related catecholamine may act as a crucial factor in regulating the pre‐metastatic niche for and lung colonization by tumor cells. Our data demonstrate that disturbance of host macro‐environmental homeostasis has an influence on future metastatic organs. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cone beam computed tomographic analyses of alveolar bone anatomy at the maxillary anterior region in Chinese adults

To provide an anatomical basis for clinical implant esthetics,we evaluated the morphology of the nasopalatine canal（NPC） and analyzed labial and interproximal bone anatomy at the maxillary anterior region.We sought to investigate the effect of maxillary protrusion and tooth labiolingual inclination on labial bone anatomy in Chinese adults.Three dimensional（3D） images were reconstructed using cone-beam computed tomography（CBCT） images from 80 Chinese subjects and by SimPlant 11.04.The dimensions of the NPC,the thickness and profile of the labial bone,the width and height of the interproximal bone,angle sella-nasion-subspinale（SNA） and angle upper central incisor-nasion,subspinale（U1-NA） were measured.The incisive foramen of the NPC was markedly wider than its nasal foramen.The dimension of its labial bone wall demonstrated an increasing width from the crestal to apical measurements.The labial bone at the maxillary anterior region was rather thin,especially at 3 mm below the cemento-enamel junction（CEJ） and the mid-root level;the profile of the labial bone was more curved at the central incisor,and the interproximal bone became wider and shorter posteriorly.There were significant relationships between maxillary protrusion and labial bone profile,tooth labiolingual inclination and labial bone thickness（P 〈 0.02）.To achieve optimal esthetic outcome of implant,bone augmentation is necessary at the maxillary anterior region.For immediate or early placement at the maxillary anterior region,the implant should be located palatally to reduce labial bone resorption and marginal recession;its apex should be angulated palatally to avoid labial perforation at the apical region.To protect the NPC,implants at the central incisor region should be placed away from NPC.     

Coflex植入术治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症41例的临床观察

目的探讨腰椎后路棘突间Coflex植入术治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症（DLSS）的临床疗效。方法 2012年2月至2013年9月期间收治的74例DLSS患者,按愿意分为对照组33例和治疗组41例,其中对照组接受全椎板减压植骨融合内固定术,治疗组接受Coflex植入术。比较两组手术时间、出血量、并发症;日本整形外科学会（JOA）下腰痛评分、疼痛视觉模拟标尺（VAS）评分、美国脊柱损伤协会（ASIA）神经功能分级;X线片测定植入节段椎间隙前后缘的高度、椎弓根间距及Cobb角。结果治疗组与对照组相比,手术时间缩短[（1.02±0.32）h vs（2.13±0.58）h]、术中出血量减少[（145.5±36.0）mL vs（279.3±56.8）mL]、并发症减少（0 vs 9.1%）（P〈0.05）;两组JOA下腰痛评分均较术前明显增高,VAS评分较术前明显降低（P〈0.05）,治疗组术后VAS评分较对照组更低[（2.3±0.3）vs（2.6±0.6）,P〈0.05];术后两组神经功能均有一定程度恢复,但组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;两组患者手术前后植入节段椎间隙前缘高度、椎弓根间距及Cobb角均无明显变化,椎间隙后缘高度均增大[治疗组术前与术后比较[（7.31±1.36）mm vs（8.98±1.56）mm],对照组术前与术后比较[（7.19±1.08）mm vs（8.61±1.41）mm,P均〈0.05],但组间比较差异无统计学意义。结论腰椎后路棘突间Coflex植入术是一种治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症安全、有效的手术方法。     

Massively parallel sequencing on human cleavage-stage embryos to detect chromosomal abnormality

Purpose

Next-generation sequencing technology like MPS has recently been introduced to perform comprehensive chromosome screening on human trophectoderm samples for preimplantation embryo assessment. However, the potential of MPS in chromosome analysis of single cell from blastomeres has not yet been investigated.