煤烟型大气污染对儿童肺功能的影响

为观察煤烟型大气污染对儿童健康的影响 ,选择了太原市 3个污染程度不同地区的 45 0名儿童进行肺功能测试和问卷调查。研究结果显示 ,儿童呼吸功能表现为重度污染区 <中度污染区 <相对清洁区 ;肺通气功能阻塞性异常率表现为重度污染区 >中度污染区 >相对清洁区 ;Logistic回归分析发现肺通气功能阻塞性异常率与小学生家庭的取暖方式、厨房和卧室是否分开以及污染物的水平有关 ;多元线性回归分析显示重度污染区儿童的FVC、FEF5 0与相对清洁区相比分别减少了 65 80ml、119 2 7ml,中度污染区儿童的FVC、FEF5 0与相对清洁区相比分别减少了 5 7 2 8ml和 114 2 9ml;Ln(SO2 )每升高一个单位 ,FVC和FEF5 0分别减少69 10ml和 119 79ml,Ln(PM1 0 )每升高一个单位 ,FVC、FEF5 0等分别减少了 193 5 0ml和 171 69ml。结果提示 ,太原市煤烟型大气污染对儿童呼吸系统产生了危害。     

应用PEG沉淀试验测定囊虫病人血清中抗体的初步研究

用适宜浓度的PEG将囊虫病人血清浓缩,达到提高血清中特异性抗体浓度的作用,从而提高检测的敏感性。该法用于囊虫病的诊断,阳性附合率83.33%.特异性较理想。     

Lung cancer and prior tuberculosis infection in Shanghai

In a population-based case-control study of lung cancer in Shanghai involving interviews during 1984-86 with 1,405 cancer patients and 1,495 controls, a significant 50% elevation in the risk of lung cancer, adjusted for cigarette smoking, was observed among persons who had a history of tuberculosis. Among those diagnosed with tuberculosis within the past 20 years, the risk exceeded 2.5-fold. In males the lung cancers tended to occur on the same side as the previous tuberculosis infection. For both sexes, the effect of recent tuberculosis was most apparent for adenocarcinoma and peripheral tumours. No relationship was found between lung cancer risk and the type of tuberculosis therapy, including use of isoniazid. The findings suggest that tuberculosis may predispose to lung cancer, with the association most apparent among recent survivors of the infection.     

Transtemporal supralabyrinthine approach]

Transtemporal supralabyrinthine approach is a modified middle cranial fossa approach. It offers all the advantages of a middle cranial fossa procedure and avoids its disadvantages, mainly the extensive temporal lobe retraction and frightening complications. The principle of the approach is to gain sufficient access toward the internal auditory canal by removing bone from the roof of the petrous pyramid rather than by elevating the middle fossa dura away from it. Fifteen patients underwent this approach for decompression of paralysed facial nerve resulted from temporal bone fracture, Bell's palsy and herpes zoster oticus; for removal of facial neuromas and primary cholesteatomas in temporal bone and for sectioning of great superficial petrous nerve. Preliminary study showed good results.     

经胸小切口在食管癌切除手术中的应用

目的探讨经胸小切口治疗食管癌手术的地位和可行性。方法对132例不同分期的食管癌行经胸小切口根治性手术,全部采用颈部吻合。结果切口平均长度13.0±2.0 cm,开关胸时间、开胸时出血量、术后伤口疼痛、呼吸功能受限及患肢活动等方面有显著差异,在手术时间、淋巴结清扫、术中出血及术后胸腔引流和常规手术无差异。结论经胸小切口食管癌根治手术安全、可行,并且有创伤小、恢复快等优点,便于推广应用。     

胆道支撑管显影材料的制备及体外细胞毒性评价

目的 探讨新型显影胆道支撑管材料制备的可行性，对构建出的材料进行体外细胞毒性评价和筛选。方法 选择具有X线下显影特性的基础材料A、B、C，分别与硅橡胶生胶共混炼，模压后分别得到相应的显影复合材料甲、乙、丙，经一段和二段硫化过程完成加工。采用MTT法作为体外细胞毒性评价的方法，测定参比对照材料和新材料的50％浓度的浸提液对小鼠成纤维细胞的增殖率的影响，确定细胞毒性级别。结果 新材料甲、乙、丙在x线下影像清晰。甲、乙材料的细胞毒性级别为零，丙材料细胞毒性级别为2。结论 构建出在X线下显影的弹性体材料可行。材料甲、乙是制造新型胆道支撑管的初选材料，材料丙无应用的价值。     

Biologic correlates of intratumoral heterogeneity in 18F-FDG distribution with regional expression of glucose transporters and hexokinase-II in experimental tumor.

The biologic mechanisms involved in the intratumoral heterogeneous distribution of 18F-FDG have not been fully investigated. To clarify factors inducing heterogeneous 18F-FDG distribution, we determined the intratumoral distribution of 18F-FDG by autoradiography (ARG) and compared it with the regional expression levels of glucose transporters Glut-1 and Glut-3 and hexokinase-II (HK-II) in a rat model of malignant tumor. METHODS: Rats were inoculated with allogenic hepatoma cells (KDH-8) into the left calf muscle (n = 7). Tumor tissues were excised 1 h after the intravenous injection of 18F-FDG and sectioned to obtain 2 adjacent slices for ARG and histochemical studies. The regions of interest (ROIs) were placed on ARG images to cover mainly the central (CT) and peripheral (PT) regions of viable tumor tissues and necrotic/apoptotic (NA) regions. The radioactivity in each ROI was analyzed quantitatively using a computerized imaging analysis system. The expression levels of Glut-1, Glut-3, and HK-II were determined by immunostaining and semiquantitative evaluation. The hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) was also immunostained. RESULTS: ARG images showed that intratumoral 18F-FDG distribution was heterogeneous. The accumulation of 18F-FDG in the CT region was the highest, which was 1.6 and 2.3 times higher than those in the PT and NA regions, respectively (P < 0.001). The expression levels of Glut-1, Glut-3, and HK-II were markedly higher in the CT region (P < 0.001) compared with those in the PT region. The intratumoral distribution of 18F-FDG significantly correlated with the expression levels of Glut-1, Glut-3, and HK-II (r = 0.923, P < 0.001 for Glut-1; r = 0.829, P < 0.001 for Glut-3; and r = 0.764, P < 0.01 for HK-II). The positive staining of HIF-1 was observed in the CT region. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that intratumoral 18F-FDG distribution corresponds well to the expression levels of Glut-1, Glut-3, and HK-II. The elevated expression levels of Glut-1, Glut-3, and HK-II, induced by hypoxia (HIF-1), may be contributing factors to the higher 18F-FDG accumulation in the CT region.     

Detection of Human Heart Rate in Exercises State

作者介绍了一种动态心率检测电路，它能准确、可靠地检出在运动状态下的人体心率。电路采用两种检测技术，一种为双时值ＱＲＳ波检测法，另一种为光电脉搏检测法。     

糖尿病患者第3腰椎骨密度测量的意义

糖尿病（ＤＭ）患者继发骨质疏松较多见，为探讨早期诊断，对３０例非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）患者和４０例正常对照者，进行血清钙（Ｃａ）、磷（Ｐ）、碱性磷酸酶（ＡＫＰ）的测定，拍照胸部、腰椎和骨盆Ｘ线片，并分别经ＣＴ进行第３腰椎骨密度（ＢＭＤ）测量。结果，ＤＭ组ＢＭＤ均值为１２７．１±２５．７７ｍｇ／ｃｍ３，对照组ＢＭＤ均值为１８９．１１±７１．６８ｍｇ／ｃｍ３，两组比较有非常显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），提示第３腰椎骨密度测量对ＤＭ患者骨质疏松的早期诊断有一定价值。