Differential changes of nicotinic receptors in the ratbrain following ibotenic acid and 192-IgG saporin lesionsof the nucleus basalis magnocellularis

The basal forebrain cholinergic neurons are implicated in the pathogenesis ofneurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer^fn2s disease (AD). The nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have been found to besignificantly afflicted in AD. To study the underlying mechanisms for dysfunction of the basalforebrain cholinergic neurons development of suitable animal models is warranted. In this studywe investigated the effects of bilateral lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis on nAChRs inthe rat brain using the cholinergic system selective immunotoxin 192-IgG saporin andnon-selective excitotoxin ibotenic acid. Changes in nAChRs were measured by ³H-cytisineand ³H-epibatidine, two ligands with different selectivity for nAChRs subtypes. Inthe parietal cortex of ibotenic acid lesioned rates, the choline acetyltransferase activity (ChAT)was decreased by 24% while no changes were detected in the frontal cortex or hippocampus.Similarly, a 40% decrease was observed in the number of nAChRs labelled by ³H-cytisine,but not by ³H-epibatidine, in the parietal cortex, while no changes were found in thefrontal cortex or hippocampus. Although the 192-IgG saporin induced lesions reduced the ChATactivity in the frontal cortex, parietal cortex and hippocampus by 77, 50 and 21%, respectively, nochanges were observed in the number of nAChRs as studied by ³H-cytisine or ³H-epibatidine. The results indicate a difference in vulnerability of the cortical nAChRsubtypes to experimental lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis. The findings in this studysuggest that a major portion of the nAChRs might be located on non-cholinergic neurons in thebrain.     

废弃物处理——一个刻不容缓的问题

介绍了香港环保署通过１０年努力的完整的固体废弃物收运，处理及处置系统，以及他们为实现废弃物减量化和资源化所采取的策略与行动。由此提出上海浦东新区在固体废弃物管理和环卫设施建设上应加强关注；逐步按规划实施；采用多种形式设计，建造，营运环卫设施以及开展全方位宣传教育活动的建议。     

Myocardial perfusion and function in dogs with moderate coronary stenosis

MRI studies of first-pass contrast enhancement with polylysine-Gd-DTPA and myocardial tagging using spatial modulation of magnetization (SPAMM) were performed to assess the feasibility of a combined regional myocardial blood flow and 2D deformation exam. Instrumented closed-chest dogs were imaged at a baseline control state (Cntl) followed by two interventions: moderate coronary stenosis (St) achieved by partial occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) and moderate coronary stenosis with dobutamine loading (StD). Hypoperfusion of the anterior region (ANT) of the myocardium (LAD distribution) relative to the posterior wall (POS) based on the upslope of the signal intensity time curve from the contrast-enhanced MR images was demonstrated only with dobutamine loading (ANT:POS Cntl=1.077 ± 0.15 versus ANT:POS StD=0.477 ± 0.11, P<0.03) and was confirmed with radio-labeled microspheres measurements (ANT:POS Cntl=1.18 ± 0.2 ml/min/g versus ANT:POS StD=0.44 ± 0.1 ml/min/g; P<0.002). Significant changes in regional myocardial shortening were only seen in the StD state (P<0.02); the anterior region showed impaired myocardial shortening with dobutamine loading (P=NS), whereas the nonaffected POS region showed a marked increase in shortening when compared with Cntl (Cntl=0.964 ± 0.02 versus StD=0.884 ± 0.03; P<0.001). These results demonstrate that an integrated quantitative assessment of regional myocardial function and semiquantitative assessment of myocardial blood flow can be performed noninvasively with ultrafast MRI.     

新洁尔灭祛除血迹

在抢救或护理病人过程中，医护人员衣帽常被血渍污染，现采用新洁尔灭清洗，其方法为：小面积污染时可用０．１％的新洁尔灭棉球擦洗，大面积污染时可将０．１％新洁尔灭倒在血迹处并用手轻搓。经清洗后的衣帽可达到清洁及消毒的目的。作者简介：张孟颖，女，１９５７年出...     

丝裂霉素C与5—Fu用于抗青光眼滤过性手术的对比研究

采用随机、双讯，前瞻对照的方法比较了丝裂霉素Ｃ（ＭＭＣ）和５－氟尿嘧啶对难治性青光眼小梁切除手术的安全性和有效性。３９例病人随机分成二组，一组使用ＭＭＣ，另一组使用５－Ｆｕ。结果提示：（１）ＭＭＣ组手术成功率高于５－Ｆｕ组；（２）ＭＭＣ组角膜上皮缺损发生率，结膜创口渗漏率明显低于５－Ｆｕ组。     

Immunohistochemical localization and dynamics of paraquat in the stomach and esophagus of rats

Summary The dynamics of paraquat in the stomach and esophagus of rats were demonstrated using immunohistochemical techniques. The Rats were killed 3 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 days, 7 days and 10 days after intravenous administration of paraquat. In the stomach, paraquat was localized in the epithelial cells between 24h and 10 days after injection, whereas in the esophagus, paraquat was localized in epithelial cells and the lamina propria mucosa between 12 h and 10 days after administration. Although these findings were similar to those observed in the intestine of rats, no clear changes in the distribution of paraquat with time were observed; suggesting that the stomach and esophagus are important reservoirs for the redistribution of paraquat.     

羟化赖氨酸清除活性氧自由基能力的研究

在竹叶及其提取物中检出了一种特殊的非蛋白氨基酸δ－ＯＨ－Ｌｙｓ，为了解其生物学意义，用化学发光法和电子自旋共振法（ＥＳＲ）对δ－ＯＨ－Ｌｙｓ和Ｌｙｓ清除超氧阴离子自由基（Ｏ２－）的能力作了比较，结果表明赖氨酸在δ位羟化以后，抗活性氧自由基的活性有了显著提高。     

Ⅱ孔型房间隔缺损直视修补术后心律失常的临床观察

210例Ⅱ孔型房间隔缺损术后发生心律失常90例,14种类型,共292例次,其中,室上性占96%。30例需药物治疗,93%的患者出院时恢复正常。本文着重分析心律失常的特点,讨论影响因素及预防措施。     

戊四氮诱发大鼠全身强直-阵挛性癫痫发作诱导丘脑c-fos癌基因表达

首次运用Fos癌蛋白抗体免疫组化法详细研究了戊四氮诱发大鼠全身强直-阵挛性癫痫发作诱导丘脑c-fos癌基因表达的动态分布。主要结果是:腹腔内注入戊四氮诱导大鼠癫痫发作后0.5h,丘脑室旁核出现低密度的Fos-免疫阳性(Fos-ir)细胞核标记;3h时,中等密度的Fos-ir标记扩布至大部分丘脑中线和板内核群及网状核;6h时,所有上述丘脑核群的Fos-ir标记普遍增为中等至高密度。结合文献报道,上述结果提示:丘脑室旁核很可能是戊四氮诱发大鼠全身强直-阵挛性癫痫发作的重要起源部位之一;丘脑中线和板内核群及网状核很可能在此种癫痫发作的病理生理机制中起重要作用。     

SIDE-TO-SIDE MESOCAVAL SHUNT IN PORTAL HYPERTENSION

Eighty-five consecutive patients underwent sideto.side mesocaval shunt with a success rate of 98.8'7。and 30day hospital mortality of 2.5"/o. Of 80 casesfollowed up for 3 months t0 8 years, 8 died, 3 hadencephalopathy, 5 rebleeding, 2 ascites and 3 lowerleg edema. A long history of hepatitis and liverfunction impairment were common features of dyingpatients. Rebleeding rate was 8.7'70. Liver functionplayed an important role in the determination of thetherapeutic effect.