肝癌合并肝硬化病人肝切除术后液体治疗方案的探讨

目的探讨肝癌合并肝硬化病人肝切除术后的液体治疗的合理方案,降低围手术期容量风险。方法回顾性分析60例肝癌合并肝硬化病人肝切除术后液体治疗方案：根据治疗方法不同分为三组：A组（n=20）给予等渗晶体液;B组（n=20）等渗晶体液与羟乙基淀粉（130／0．4）以2：1比例输注;C组（n=20）予7．5％氯化钠溶液、等渗晶体液与羟乙基淀粉（130／0．4）输注。三组均间断给予利尿剂。C组术后1、4、7天肝功能指标,术后肠道排气时间,腹水消退时间均显著优于A、B组,而且达到治疗目标所需的输液量最少。结论羟乙基淀粉（130／0．4）溶液及小剂量高渗盐水的联合使用效果显著,是肝癌术后患者较合理的液体治疗方案。     

Surgical outcomes of lateral approach for jugular foramen schwannoma: postoperative facial nerve and lower cranial nerve functions

The lateral surgical approach to jugular foramen schwannomas (JFS) may result in complications such as temporary facial nerve palsy (FNP) and hearing loss due to the complicated anatomical location. Ten patients with JFS surgically treated by variable methods of lateral approach were retrospectively reviewed with emphasis on surgical methods, postoperative FNP, and lower cranial nerve status. Gross total removal of the tumors was achieved in eight patients. Facial nerves were rerouted at the first genu (1G) in six patients and at the second genu in four patients. FNP of House–Brackmann (HB) grade III or worse developed immediately postoperatively in six patients regardless of the extent of rerouting. The FNP of HB grade III persisted for more than a year in one patient managed with rerouting at 1G. Among the lower cranial nerves, the vagus nerve was most frequently paralyzed preoperatively and lower cranial nerve palsies were newly developed in two patients. The methods of the surgical approach to JFS can be modified depending on the size and location of tumors to reduce injury of the facial nerve and loss of hearing. Careful manipulation and caution are also required for short facial nerve rerouting as well as for long rerouting to avoid immediately postoperative FNP.     

Intracellular free calcium mediates glioma cell detachment and cytotoxicity after photodynamic therapy

Photofrin photodynamic therapy (PDT) caused a dose-dependent decrease of enzymatic cell detachment by trypsin/ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) in human glioma U251n and U87 cells. This happened coincidently with the increase of intracellular free calcium ([Ca²⁺]_i). Thapsigargin, which increased [Ca²⁺]_i, induced further decrease in enzymatic cell detachment and increased cytotoxicity. Opposite effects were observed when 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetra-acetic acid tetrakis, an intracellular Ca²⁺ chelator, was used. PDT-induced changes in [Ca²⁺]_i and cell detachment were not blocked by calcium channel antagonists nickel (Ni²⁺) or nimodipine, nor were they altered when cells were irradiated in a buffer free from Ca²⁺ and magnesium (Mg²⁺), suggesting that [Ca²⁺]_i is derived from the internal calcium stores. Decreased cell migration was observed after PDT, as assessed by chemotactic and wound-healing assays. Our findings indicated that internal calcium store-derived [Ca²⁺]_i plays an important role in PDT-induced enzymatic cell detachment decrease and cytotoxicity. Cell migration may be affected by these changes.     

烟雾病颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥术后护理

对30例烟雾病患者实施颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥术治疗.手术均顺利.25例缺血型患者均于出院时症状有不同程度的改善,5例出血型患者神经功能状况同术前;随访3～12个月无1例发生再出血.提出术后密切观察病情变化,尤其保持血压平稳;积极给予抗脑血管痉挛药物治疗,改善脑微循环;预防颅内出血、吻合血管闭塞及血管内血栓形成等并发症;鼓励早期下床活动;加强心理护理.有助于患者术后康复.     

杜仲对UUO模型大鼠肾纤维化TGF-β1／Smad信号通路的影响

目的：研究杜仲对单侧输尿管梗阻（UUO）大鼠肾组织转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）、Smad2、Smad7表达的影响。方法：将32只大鼠随机分为4组,每组8只,即假手术组、模型组、厄贝沙坦组和杜仲组。厄贝沙坦组给予厄贝沙坦10mg·kg^-1·d^-1、杜仲组给予杜仲6g·kg^-1·d^-1治疗,均术前2d开始给药。术后2周处死大鼠,收集血清测定尿素氮（BUN）、血肌酐（Scr）,光镜下观察Masson和HE染色肾间质的病理改变,并应用免疫组织化学方法检测肾组织TGF-β1和Smad2、Smad7蛋白的表达。结果：模型组与两治疗纽大鼠血清Scr、BUN上升,与假手术组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;模型组、杜仲组、厄贝沙坦组肾间质纤维化程度均较假手术组明显增高（P〈0．05）;模型组TGF-β1、Smad2的表达增加,与假手术组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;杜仲组与模型组相比,TGF-β1、Smad2的表达下降,而Smad7的表达增高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;杜仲组与厄贝沙坦组各指标比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：杜仲能通过下调TGF-β1、Smad2的表达及增加Smad7的表达而抑制单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾间质纤维化,机制与杜仲可以部分调节TGF-β1／Smad信号转导通路有关,其改善肾纤维化作用与厄贝沙坦无明显差异。     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞经热休克处理后对损伤心肌的修复作用

目的 探讨大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSC)经热休克处理后对低血清培养的耐受性变化及对心肌梗死大鼠心功能的改善作用.方法 将体外培养的MSC经热休克处理(42℃、30 min)后,用免疫印迹方法检测热休克蛋白70(HSP-70)的表达;处理后的MSC进行低血清培养,Annexln试剂盒检测培养不同时间后MSC的凋亡率及死亡率.制作大鼠心肌梗死模型,并移植经热休克处理后的MSC,用超声心动及血流动力学方法检测大鼠心功能的变化.结果 经热休克处理后的MSC表达CD90、CD44、CD105、CD54,不表达CD34、CD45、CD31等与造血细胞和内皮细胞相关的抗原,表达水平与未处理组无显著性差异.与未经处理的MSC比较,经热休克处理后的MSC HSP-70表达量明显增高;在低血清培养条件下,48、72和96 h的细胞凋亡率较未处理组相应时间明显降低;培养72和96 h后的细胞死亡率较未处理组明显降低.急性心肌梗死大鼠移植经热休克处理后的MSC,8周后左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室收缩压峰值(LVSP)、左室压力最大上升或下降速率(+dp/dtmax,-dp/dtmax)较移植对照组均明显升高,左室舒张末压(LVEDP)明显下降;短轴缩短率(FS)有升高趋势,但无统计学意义.结论 MSC经热休克处理后,免疫表型未发生变化,但热休克蛋白表达量增高,能提高对低血清培养条件的耐受性;心肌梗死大鼠移植经热休克处理后的MSC可以明显改善心功能.     

外固定支架结合胫骨近端锁定钢板治疗胫骨平台复杂骨折

目的：通过应用外固定支架结合胫骨近端锁定钢板治疗胫骨平台骨折,观察临床疗效,探讨胫骨平台复杂骨折的治疗方法。方法：2006年2月至2008年10月,采用外固定支架结合胫骨近端锁定钢板治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折12例,男8例、女4例;年龄23～59岁,平均38岁。骨折按Sehazker分型：Ⅴ型7例,Ⅵ型5例。术中使用前内侧切口及前外侧切口,于胫骨外侧置入锁定钢板进行内固定。观察术前及术后X线片胫骨平台塌陷及高度丢失情况,对膝关节功能使用HSS评分法评分。结果：12例均获随访,时间4—18个月,平均9．79个月,骨折平均愈合时间3．1个月。骨折愈合11例,延迟愈合1例,无骨筋膜室综合征及下肢深静脉栓塞。术前、术后X线片对照检查未发生Ⅱ期胫骨平台塌陷及高度丢失,无对线不良,膝关节屈曲90°～110°。HSS评分术后平均（75．50±10．01）分,较术前平均（21．50±11．68）分有所提高。结论：外固定支架结合胫骨近端锁定钢板治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折提供了持续稳定的固定,防止骨折的Ⅱ期移位和膝关节力线的畸形,可以保护膝关节周围软组织,减少手术并发症,膝关节功能满意。     

穿孔素mRNA表达与大鼠肝移植急性排斥反应的关系

目的 探讨大鼠肝脏移植术后外周血和胆汁中穿孔素mRNA表达水平与急性排斥反应的关系,寻求一种早期诊断急性排斥反应的非侵袭性方法.方法 建立大鼠原位肝移植模型及胆道引流模型,实验分为4组: 空白对照组(n=20),行单纯胆汁引流;同基因移植组(n=30);异基因移植+环孢素A(CsA)组(n=30);异基因移植组(n=30),术后未行免疫抑制剂治疗.应用RT-PCR方法分别检测各组术后第1、3、5、7和10天外周血和胆汁中穿孔素mRNA的表达水平,同时行肝脏病理组织学观察.结果 空白对照组、同基因移植组外周血中无穿孔素mRNA表达;异基因移植组外周血中穿孔素mRNA 在术后第3天开始表达,而后逐渐升高,术后第5天明显增高,术后第7～10天维持在较高水平.而异基因移植+CsA组外周血中穿孔素mRNA的表达持续呈低水平,各时间点表达与异基因移植组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).外周血穿孔素mRNA表达水平与Banff组织学诊断分级变化规律一致.各组胆汁中穿孔素mRNA表达均为阴性.结论 检测外周血中穿孔素mRNA表达可作为监测急性排斥反应较敏感的无创性方法.     

Biphasic Glucocorticoid-Dependent Regulation of Wnt Expression and Its Inhibitors in Mature Osteoblastic Cells

Glucocorticoids exert both anabolic and catabolic effects on bone. Previously, we reported that endogenous glucocorticoids control mesenchymal lineage commitment and osteoblastogenesis through regulation of Wnt signaling in osteoblasts. Here, we investigated the effects of glucocorticoids on Wnt expression in mature osteoblasts. Mature osteoblasts and their immature progenitors were separately isolated from Col2.3-GFP transgenic mice in which mature osteoblasts are identifiable through GFP expression. mRNA levels of Wnt2, Wnt2b, Wnt4, Wnt5a, Wnt10b, and Wnt11 were 4- to 12-fold higher in osteoblasts compared to their progenitors (P < 0.05). Expression of Wnt7b and Wnt10b in osteoblasts was modulated by corticosterone (CS), in a biphasic fashion with 3- to 3.5-fold upregulation at 10 nM CS (P < 0.01) and 50% downregulation at 100 nM CS (P < 0.05). CS 100 nM also increased expression of the Wnt inhibitors sFRP-1 and DKK-1 two- to threefold (P < 0.05). We conclude that the contrasting anabolic and catabolic effects of glucocorticoids on bone are, at least in part, mediated through the regulation of Wnt expression and its inhibitors in mature osteoblasts.     

The use of RhBMP-2 in single-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a clinical and radiographic analysis

The “off label” use of rhBMP-2 in the transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) procedure has become increasingly popular. Although several studies have demonstrated the successful use of rhBMP-2 for this indication, uncertainties remain regarding its safety and efficacy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of the single-level TLIF procedure using rhBMP-2. Patients who underwent a single-level TLIF between January 2004 and May 2006 with rhBMP-2 were identified. A retrospective evaluation of these patients included operative report(s), pre- and postoperative medical records, and dynamic and static lumbar radiographs. Patient-reported clinical outcome measures were obtained from a telephone questionnaire and included a modification of the Odom’s criteria, a patient satisfaction score, and back and leg pain numeric rating scale scores. Forty-eight patients met the study criteria and were available for follow-up (avg. radiographic and clinical follow-up of 19.4 and 27.4 months, respectively). Radiographic fusion was achieved in 95.8% of patients. Good to excellent results were achieved in 71% of patients. On most recent clinical follow-up, 83% of patients reported improvement in their symptoms and 84% reported satisfaction with their surgery. Twenty-nine patients (60.4%) reported that they still had some back pain, with an average back pain numeric rating score of 2.8. Twenty patients (41.7%) reported that they still had some leg pain, with an average leg pain numeric rating score was 2.4. Thirteen patients (27.1%) had one or more complications, including transient postoperative radiculitis (8/48), vertebral osteolysis (3/48), nonunion (2/48), and symptomatic ectopic bone formation (1/48). The use of rhBMP-2 in the TLIF procedure produces a high rate of fusion, symptomatic improvement and patient satisfaction. Although its use eliminates the risk of harvesting autograft, rhBMP-2 is associated with other complications that raise concern, including a high rate of postoperative radiculitis.