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1.
Drawing upon preliminary research findings, this paper considers whether pharmacists in Britain face a crisis in their occupational status and identity as a result of changes in their work and market situations. It further examines some of the ways in which they are responding to the challenges and opportunities presented. The paper also comments on the utility of the concepts of 'reprofessionalization' and 'occupational imperialism' in the study of British pharmacy. 相似文献
2.
A K Konstantinidis S J Barton I Sayers I A Yang J L Lordan S Rorke J B Clough S T Holgate J W Holloway 《The European respiratory journal》2007,30(1):40-47
Interleukin (IL)-13 plays a central role in asthma pathogenesis by binding to the IL-13 receptor, which is a heterodimer composed of the IL-13 receptor alpha1 subunit (IL-13Ralpha1) and IL-4Ralpha. The genetic diversity at the IL-13Ralpha1 gene (IL13RA1) locus on chromosome Xq24 was characterised and the association of identified polymorphisms with asthma and atopy phenotypes examined. The promoter and coding region of IL13RA1 were screened for common genetic variants, and polymorphisms found were genotyped in a large cohort of 341 asthmatic Caucasian families (each containing at least two asthmatic siblings) and 182 nonasthmatic control subjects. Genetic association was determined using case-control and transmission disequilibrium test analyses. Two common polymorphisms were identified, a newly found thymidine (T) to guanine (G) transition of nucleotide -281 (-281T>G) single nucleotide polymorphism in the IL13RA1 promoter and the previously described 1365A>G variant in the IL13RA1 proximal 3' untranslated region. No significant association of either -281T>G or 1365A>G with risk of asthma or atopy phenotypes was found, apart from a suggestive association between the IL13RA1 -281T/1365A haplotype and raised total serum immunoglobulin E levels in adult female asthmatics. These findings indicate that the interleukin-13 receptor alpha1 subunit gene -281T>G and 1365A>G polymorphisms do not contribute to asthma susceptibility or severity, although the interleukin-13 receptor alpha1 subunit gene locus might be involved in the control of immunoglobulin E production. 相似文献
3.
Multicystic dysplastic kidney is a common renal anomaly in the newborn. Long-term problems, such as pain, infection, hypertension and neoplasm, although infrequent, have been reported. Acute, life-threatening complications resulting from the size of the affected kidney are rare and emergency nephrectomy has been the only reported effective therapy. We present a case of ultrasound-guided percutaneous cyst decompression used as definitive treatment of respiratory failure associated with multicystic dysplastic kidney. 相似文献
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The endogenous opioid system is implicated in excessive ethanol-drinking behavior. However, the role of individual opioid receptor subtypes in the mechanism underlying excessive ethanol-drinking behavior is not yet well understood. Therefore, we investigated the ability of a selective micro1-opioid antagonist, naloxonazine, to modulate ethanol-drinking behavior and ethanol discrimination in a rat model with the use of ethanol self-administration and drug discrimination paradigms. The effects of naloxonazine (0.001-10 mg/kg) on ethanol intake were examined in Sprague-Dawley rats under conditions of limited access to 10% (wt./vol.) ethanol and ad libitum access to food and water. Pretreatment with high doses of naloxonazine (1-10 mg/kg) significantly reduced ethanol consumption. When the effects of naloxonazine on food intake in free-feeding male rats were examined, naloxonazine (1.8-10 mg/kg) significantly suppressed 24-h food intake. Another group of rats was trained to discriminate ethanol (1.25 g/kg, i.p.) from saline on a fixed-ratio schedule (FR 10), and ethanol dose-response tests were conducted once rats had acquired ethanol-saline discrimination. Injections were given 15 min before ethanol dose-response tests were conducted, and after characterization of the ethanol dose-response curve, the effects of naloxonazine on ethanol discrimination were assessed by administering naloxonazine (0.001-10 mg/kg, i.p.) 15 min before ethanol administration. Treatment with naloxonazine (0.001-1.8 mg/kg, i.p.) before the ED(100) dose of ethanol partially antagonized the discriminative stimulus of ethanol without having any effect on the response rate. The results support the suggestion of involvement of micro1-opioid receptors in the discriminative effects of ethanol and ethanol-drinking behavior. 相似文献
6.
Four groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 10 per group) were trained in a two-phase conditioning experiment. All rats were initially trained in an FR30 operant task (phase 1), and subsequently trained in a conditioned taste aversion (CTA) task. The groups of rats differed in their ETOH exposure. All rats received 2-week chronic exposure in phase 1. Two groups received chronic presession ETOH and, therefore, the opportunity for intoxicated practice; another group, yoked to this latter group, received postsession ETOH; the final group received presession saline injections. The presession ETOH groups were conditioned in the CTA task with either ETOH or saline; both increased their intakes of the conditioned tastant. The presession saline and the postsession ETOH groups received ETOH CTA; both developed a robust CTA. Thus, prior history of intoxicated practice under the operant task prevented the development of ETOH-induced CTA. We argue that ETOH exposure may be a necessary but not sufficient condition for tolerance to develop to the aversive attributes of ETOH. 相似文献
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8.
F R Nelson D Holloway A K Mohamed 《Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association》1986,2(3):296-299
In a laboratory study, the insect growth regulator, cyromazine, exerted a high level of biological activity on Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus treated in the 4th larval instar. At 1.5 and 1.0 ppm this IGR produced 97 and 99% inhibition of emergence in adult Ae. aegypti, respectively. In Cx. quinquefasciatus, there was 99% inhibition at 1 ppm and complete inhibition at 1.5 ppm. The overall pupal mortality was higher than larval or adult stages of both species. This material induced different types of morphogenetic abnormalities in pupae and adults of the 2 species similar to those induced by other IGRs. However, most abnormalities were observed in the pupal stage. Adverse effects were not detected on the 4 mosquito predator species during the acute or posttreatment tests. 相似文献
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10.
1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI), a serotonin type 2 (5-HT2) agonist, elevates plasma corticosterone levels and reduces the cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (rCMRglc) in the hippocampus, a structure which possesses few 5-HT2 receptors but a large number of steroid receptors. To explore the hypothetical interaction between 5-HT and steroid mechanisms in the hippocampus, we measured rCMRglc in intact, adrenalectomized and metyrapone-pretreated rats after saline or DOI administration. Metyrapone pretreatment alone had no significant effect on rCMRglc, but adrenalectomy produced widespread rCMRglc increases in the cortex, hippocampus and monoaminergic brainstem nuclei. In intact rats, DOI 10 mg/kg reduced rCMRglc in limbic areas and increased it in the interanteromedial and paracentral thalamic nuclei. Metyrapone pretreatment and adrenalectomy abolished rCMRglc responses to DOI in hippocampal areas and enhanced those in thalamic nuclei. These results indicate that brain responses to DOI are dependent upon the functional state of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex axis. 相似文献