全文获取类型
收费全文 | 23520篇 |
免费 | 1096篇 |
国内免费 | 203篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 150篇 |
儿科学 | 598篇 |
妇产科学 | 222篇 |
基础医学 | 2890篇 |
口腔科学 | 365篇 |
临床医学 | 1435篇 |
内科学 | 6519篇 |
皮肤病学 | 368篇 |
神经病学 | 1565篇 |
特种医学 | 975篇 |
外科学 | 4260篇 |
综合类 | 96篇 |
预防医学 | 556篇 |
眼科学 | 310篇 |
药学 | 1454篇 |
中国医学 | 63篇 |
肿瘤学 | 2993篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 14篇 |
2023年 | 179篇 |
2022年 | 344篇 |
2021年 | 619篇 |
2020年 | 308篇 |
2019年 | 483篇 |
2018年 | 589篇 |
2017年 | 464篇 |
2016年 | 601篇 |
2015年 | 618篇 |
2014年 | 863篇 |
2013年 | 967篇 |
2012年 | 1551篇 |
2011年 | 1724篇 |
2010年 | 963篇 |
2009年 | 811篇 |
2008年 | 1412篇 |
2007年 | 1605篇 |
2006年 | 1594篇 |
2005年 | 1595篇 |
2004年 | 1539篇 |
2003年 | 1474篇 |
2002年 | 1444篇 |
2001年 | 260篇 |
2000年 | 192篇 |
1999年 | 251篇 |
1998年 | 327篇 |
1997年 | 271篇 |
1996年 | 254篇 |
1995年 | 200篇 |
1994年 | 190篇 |
1993年 | 171篇 |
1992年 | 137篇 |
1991年 | 122篇 |
1990年 | 103篇 |
1989年 | 87篇 |
1988年 | 74篇 |
1987年 | 50篇 |
1986年 | 46篇 |
1985年 | 39篇 |
1984年 | 39篇 |
1983年 | 28篇 |
1982年 | 37篇 |
1981年 | 35篇 |
1980年 | 19篇 |
1979年 | 12篇 |
1978年 | 18篇 |
1977年 | 15篇 |
1975年 | 13篇 |
1967年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
11.
Mana Ichimura Koichi Hiratsuka Naomi Ogura Tadahiko Utsunomiya Hiroyuki Sakamaki Toshirou Kondoh Yoshimitsu Abiko Shigeo Otake Masafumi Yamamoto 《Journal of oral pathology & medicine》2006,35(3):167-174
BACKGROUND: To understand the immunopathological features of oral lichen planus (OLP), we analyzed the expression of chemokines in the epithelial cell layers. Methods: Epithelia from OLP or healthy gingiva were collected by laser microdissection. The chemokine and chemokine receptor expressions in the epithelia were analyzed by DNA microarray. RESULTS: High levels of MIP-3alpha/LARC/CCL20 and its receptor CCR6 were expressed in the lesional epithelia. Furthermore, DC-CK1/CCL18, ELC/CCL19, SDF-1/CXCL12 and CXCR4 expressions were also increased. Immunohistologial analysis showed that high numbers of Langerhans cells (LCs) were present in the epithelia of OLP. Lesional epithelia also expressed high levels of the ligands specific for CXCR3 (e.g. MIG/CXCL9, IP-10/CXCL10 and I-TAC/CXCL11) and CCR5 (e.g. RANTES/CCL5). CONCLUSIONS: Infiltration of LCs is orchestrated by CCR6. Further, LCs residing in the lesional epithelia may be a mature phenotype. Moreover, infiltration of T cells in OLP could be mediated by signaling pathways through CXCR3 and CCR5. 相似文献
12.
Hiroshi Asanuma Hiroyuki Satoh Seiichiro Shishido 《International journal of urology》2007,14(1):43-47
OBJECTIVE: Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty has become a popular technique for repairing distal and proximal hypospadias in many institutions. Dorsal inlay graft urethroplasty has been used in our institution since 2003 to reduce the risk of meatal stenosis. In the present study, we evaluated the results of the dorsal inlay graft procedure. METHODS: A total of 28 patients with no deep groove and no severe curvature underwent one-stage urethroplasty using an inner preputial-based dorsal inlay graft. The medical records of all patients were retrospectively reviewed with regard to complication rate and cosmetic appearance. RESULTS: Mean patient age at surgery was 21 months (range, 14 months to 4.6 years). Preoperatively the urethral meatus was coronal in two cases, distal shaft in 17, proximal shaft in six and penoscrotal in three. Nine patients required testosterone therapy before surgery. Mean operative time was 200 min (range, 154-249 min). Mean length of inlay graft was 20.9 mm (range, 12-30 mm). In all patients, a straight penis was achieved without dorsal plication of the corposa cavernosa, and the neomeatus with a slit-like appearance was positioned at the glans tip. At a mean of 22 months of follow up, a urethrocutaneous fistula developed in only one patient (3.6%), requiring repair surgery 6 months after urethroplasty. No patient had meatal stenosis, neourethral stricture or urethral diverticulum along the inlay graft. CONCLUSION: Dorsal inlay graft urethroplasty is an effective method for hypospadiac repair and leads to good cosmetic outcome with low risk of complications. 相似文献
13.
14.
Yoshinori Itoh Yutaka Kohgo Naoki Watanabe Yuji Kanisawa Sumio Sakamaki Minoru Takahashi Yasuo Hirayama Hiroyuki Ono Takeshi Himeno Yoshiro Niitsu 《Cancer science》1991,82(11):1203-1206
Human tumor–infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) derived from pleural or ascitic fluid were incubated with recombinant interleukin 2 and transfected with human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) a gene by the lipofection procedure. The resulting TILs secreted significant amounts of TNF in the culture supernatant and exhibited cytotoxicity against established cell lines, such as K562 and Daudi, and autologous tumor cells. The TNF gene–transfected TILs exhibited an augmented killing of autologous tumor cells. 相似文献
15.
16.
Masako Nishizuka Hiroyuki Sumida† Yasuhiko Kano† Yasumasa Aral 《Journal of neuroendocrinology》1993,5(5):569-573
An examination was made of neurogenesis in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPv) of the preoptic area of the rat using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), a thymidine analog, and a BrdU-specific antibody. Cells in the AVPv of adult rats were labeled with the antibody when BrdU was injected into pregnant rats once during day 13 to 18 of gestation, but not during day 10 to 12 nor 19 to 20 of gestation nor on postnatal day 1, indicating that neurogenesis of the AVPv occurs during a limited period from day 13 to 18 of gestation. Next, to examine the effects of androgen on neurogenesis, BrdU was injected once on day 15 into pregnant rats that also received injections of testosterone propionate (TP). The number of BrdU-labeled cells in the AVPv was similar in control female and male fetuses and female fetuses from pregnant rats that received daily injections of TP during days 14 to 16, when fetuses were examined on day 17 of gestation. These results suggest that the neurogenesis that was recognized by labeling with BrdU was not affected by the treatment with TP. On day 21 of gestation, BrdU-labeled cells in the AVPv of control male fetuses and female fetuses that received TP during days 14 to 18 were fewer in number than those in female fetuses of the control group, whereas treatments with TP during days 14 to 16 and during days 17 to 18 did not cause any significant decrease in number of BrdU-labeled cells. These findings support the hypothesis that elimination of a population of cells, for example, by cell death as described previously, is enhanced in male fetuses and in female fetuses treated with TP repetitively. 相似文献
17.
Hiroyuki Hamakawa Hiroaki Kayahara Hiroaki Tanioka 《International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery》1997,26(6):440-442
We describe a procedure for “chain-link” combined tissue transfer connecting the vascular pedicle of a deep circumflex iliac flap with that of a forearm flap after wide resection of the mandible. Combination of these flaps facilitated the reconstruction of the defect in both intra- and extraoral soft tissue and the mandibular bone. This method is useful when cervical recipient blood vessels are limited due to the wide resection of the primary tumor and radical neck dissection. 相似文献
18.
19.
Tsuyoshi Takeda Hiroyuki Ishida Yukio Horiuchi Yasushi Nakao Yutaka Yabe 《Journal of orthopaedic science》1997,2(6):372-377
We examined radiographs of the elbows of the pitching arms of 79 professional baseball pitchers (mean age, 25.1 years; mean
duration of professional career, 4.7 years) and noted the frequency and size of spurs, bone fragments, and intra-articular
loose bodies according to site. The influence of duration of professional baseball career on these osteoarthritic changes
was also investigated. The olecranon tip was the most frequent site of spurs (62/79; 78.5%), and fragmentation of the spur
was detected in 17 joints. The frequency of spurs was also high at the medial margin of the olecranon, the tip of the coronoid
process, the medial margin of the sigmoid notch, the medial margin of the trochlea and the olecranon fossa. In 38 subjects,
spurs were observed at the distal portion of the radial notch of the ulna. However, few pitchers had osteoarthritic changes
in the humeral capitellum or radial head. Intra-articular loose bodies were detected in 4 of 79 joints (5.1%), and bone fragments
were present below the medial humeral epicondyle in 25 of 79 joints (31.6%). Osteoarthritic changes in the elbow joint appeared
to be attributable mainly to traction stress and impingement associated with extension and valgus strain. Significant osteoarthritic
changes were often found in professional pitchers whose careers exceeded 5 years. 相似文献
20.
Hiroyuki Yamamoto Fumio Itoh Akinori Senota Yasushi Adachi Mitsuru Yoshimoto Takao Endoh Yuji Hinoda Akira Yachi Kohzoh Imai 《Journal of clinical laboratory analysis》1995,9(5):297-301
The matrix metalloproteinase matrilysin (MMP-7) is a member of the matrix metallo-proteinase gene family, which is believed to play an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis. We have previously found that matrilysin mRNA is specifically expressed in colorectal cancers and adenomas and that its message is localized in the tumor cells themselves. We examined the effects of activated Ki-ras oncogene on the expression of matrilysin in colon cancer cells. We showed that both mRNA and the enzymatic activity of matrilysin were induced by the introduction of activated Ki-ras into SW1417 colon cancer cells. To understand the mechanisms regulating this induction, we analyzed alterations of AP-1 activity induced by activated Ki-ras, using the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assay. AP-1 activity in SW1417 cells expressing activated Ki-ras was higher than that in control cells. The gel-shift assay also showed higher levels of AP-1 binding protein in SW1417 cells expressing activated Ki-ras than those in control cells. Our results suggest that activated Ki-ras may play a role in inducing expression of matrilysin through an AP-1-dependent pathway in colon cancer cells. 相似文献