全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2904篇 |
免费 | 178篇 |
国内免费 | 15篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 73篇 |
儿科学 | 33篇 |
妇产科学 | 59篇 |
基础医学 | 298篇 |
口腔科学 | 50篇 |
临床医学 | 232篇 |
内科学 | 865篇 |
皮肤病学 | 39篇 |
神经病学 | 123篇 |
特种医学 | 99篇 |
外科学 | 540篇 |
综合类 | 18篇 |
预防医学 | 78篇 |
眼科学 | 13篇 |
药学 | 175篇 |
中国医学 | 7篇 |
肿瘤学 | 395篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 32篇 |
2022年 | 48篇 |
2021年 | 80篇 |
2020年 | 41篇 |
2019年 | 49篇 |
2018年 | 82篇 |
2017年 | 49篇 |
2016年 | 81篇 |
2015年 | 69篇 |
2014年 | 81篇 |
2013年 | 82篇 |
2012年 | 189篇 |
2011年 | 178篇 |
2010年 | 115篇 |
2009年 | 87篇 |
2008年 | 155篇 |
2007年 | 139篇 |
2006年 | 115篇 |
2005年 | 119篇 |
2004年 | 125篇 |
2003年 | 121篇 |
2002年 | 148篇 |
2001年 | 64篇 |
2000年 | 70篇 |
1999年 | 90篇 |
1998年 | 36篇 |
1997年 | 35篇 |
1996年 | 24篇 |
1995年 | 21篇 |
1994年 | 17篇 |
1993年 | 13篇 |
1992年 | 70篇 |
1991年 | 58篇 |
1990年 | 56篇 |
1989年 | 38篇 |
1988年 | 39篇 |
1987年 | 33篇 |
1986年 | 43篇 |
1985年 | 34篇 |
1984年 | 27篇 |
1983年 | 17篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 16篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 15篇 |
1978年 | 10篇 |
1977年 | 12篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
1970年 | 5篇 |
1969年 | 12篇 |
排序方式: 共有3097条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Hidenao Kayawake Toyofumi F. Chen-Yoshikawa Masao Saito Hiroya Yamagishi Akihiko Yoshizawa Shin-ich Hirano Ryosuke Kurokawa Hiroshi Date 《The Annals of thoracic surgery》2021,111(1):246-252
- Download : Download high-res image (212KB)
- Download : Download full-size image
52.
53.
54.
Yoshihiro Tanaka Takao Ueno Naoya Yoshida Yasunori Akutsu Hiroya Takeuchi Hideo Baba Hisahiro Matsubara Yuko Kitagawa Kazuhiro Yoshida 《Esophagus》2018,15(4):239-248
Purpose
Oral mucositis (OM) is one of the most uncomfortable adverse events experienced by cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Previous reports have revealed that the oral administration of an elemental diet (ED) may prevent OM. However, the incidence of OM has not been accurately determined by specialized diagnostic methods and the effects of an ED on OM remain unclear. We investigated the dose that could feasibly be administered and its effects with regard to the suppression of OM in esophageal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.Methods
We performed a prospective multi-center feasibility study of the administration of an ED (160 g/day) with 2 cycles of docetaxel/cisplatin/5-FU (DCF) chemotherapy. We assessed compliance to the ED for 49 days and the incidence of OM according to the amount of the ED that was orally administered. The incidence of OM was graded by a dental specialist who was experienced in dental oncology using a central OM review system.Results
Fourteen of 20 patients (70%) were able to complete the orally administered ED (160 g/day) during the course of chemotherapy. Three patients (15%) could not take the ED orally for 9, 14, and 21 days, respectively, while 1 patient (5%) took the ED orally at an average dose of 80 g/day for 35 days. The remaining 2 patients (10%) could not take the 80 g/day dose for 11 and 12 days, respectively. The incidence of grade?≥?2 OM in the ED completion group (15.4%, 2 of 13 patients) was significantly lower than that in the non-completion group (66.7%, 4 of 6 patients) (p?=?0.046).Conclusions
An ED might be a one of the test treatment to reduce the incidence of OM in esophageal cancer patients treated with DCF and should be evaluated in further randomized study.Clinical trial
The date of submission: Dec 08th, 2017.55.
56.
Nanashima A Kinoshita N Nakanuma Y Zen Y Sumida Y Abo T Hidaka S Takeshita H Yasutake T Hayashi T Nagayasu T 《Hepato-gastroenterology》2008,55(85):1167-1173
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) represents a biliary papillary tumor mainly growing in the bile duct lumen resembling intraductal papillary mucin-producing neoplasm of the pancreas. However, its clinical spectrum and characteristics have not been fully evaluated. METHODOLOGY: To define the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of IPNB patients, 6 cases of IPNB who underwent surgical resection are presented. RESULTS: Patients were 3 males and 3 females, aged between 47 and 79 years. Five patients had histories of hepatobiliary disease. Imagery showed cystic or diffuse dilatation of the bile ducts. Tumor markers were not valuable for diagnosis. All patients underwent hemihepatectomy with or without resection of the caudate lobe or extrahepatic bile duct. Examination showed polypoid tumors in 5 cases though 1 case had no evident tumor. Mucin was observed in 3 cases. Five cases were well-differentiated adenocarcinoma and 1 had poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Vascular invasion was rare and lymph node metastasis was not observed. In-situ spread of carcinoma was seen along biliary mucosa in 3 cases. Five cases survived without tumor relapse for long periods but 1 died of tumor recurrence at 31 months. CONCLUSIONS: Complete resection of IPNB based on accurate preoperative assessment of tumor extension provides a good prognosis. 相似文献
57.
Hirotaka Tokai Susumu Eguchi Akihiko Soyama Masaaki Hidaka Mitsuhisa Takatsuki Yujo Kawashita Yoshitsugu Tajima Takashi Kanematsu 《Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic sciences》2008,15(5):528-530
A 54-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital following the diagnosis of decompensated liver cirrhosis with hepatitis C. She underwent living-donor liver transplantation, performed using the left hepatic lobe with the middle hepatic vein donated by her husband. After the transplantation, the patient suffered from massive ascites with liver dysfunction. Computed tomography demonstrated stenosis of the suprahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC) with focal collection of fluid. A second laparotomy was performed 19 days after the transplantation. When the encapsulated localized ascites on both sides of the IVC was opened, the ascites was flushed away. Subsequently, the grafted liver was easily mobilized and it was placed in the natural position without any tension, and the pressure gradient of the IVC was improved. Herein, we report a very rare case of compression stenosis of the IVC resulting in Budd-Chiari syndrome caused by localized encapsulated ascites. 相似文献
58.
Ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ and retinoic acid receptor inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of human breast cancer cells in vitro and in BNX mice
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Elena Elstner Carsten Müller Kozo Koshizuka Elizabeth A. Williamson Dorothy Park Hiroya Asou Peter Shintaku Jonathan W. Said David Heber H. Phillip Koeffler 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》1998,95(15):8806-8811
Induction of differentiation and apoptosis in cancer cells through ligands of nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) is a novel and promising approach to cancer therapy. All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), an RA receptor-specific NHR ligand, is now used for selective cancers. The NHR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is expressed in breast cancer cells. Activation of PPARγ through a synthetic ligand, troglitazone (TGZ), and other PPARγ-activators cause inhibition of proliferation and lipid accumulation in cultured breast cancer cells. TGZ (10−5 M, 4 days) reversibly inhibits clonal growth of MCF7 breast cancer cells and the combination of TGZ (10−5 M) and ATRA (10−6 M, 4 days) synergistically and irreversibly inhibits growth and induces apoptosis of MCF7 cells, associated with a dramatic decrease of their bcl-2 protein levels. Similar effects are noted with in vitro cultured breast cancer tissues from patients, but not with normal breast epithelial cells. The observed apoptosis mediated by TGZ and ATRA may be related to the striking down-regulation of bcl-2, because forced over-expression of bcl-2 in MCF7 cells cultured with TGZ and ATRA blocks their cell death. TGZ significantly inhibits MCF7 tumor growth in triple immunodeficient mice. Combined administration of TGZ and ATRA causes prominent apoptosis and fibrosis of these tumors without toxic effects on the mice. Taken together, this combination may provide a novel, nontoxic and selective therapy for human breast cancers. 相似文献
59.
Inhibitory effect of ceramide on insulin-induced protein kinase Czeta translocation in rat adipocytes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Miura A Kajita K Ishizawa M Kanoh Y Kawai Y Natsume Y Sakuma H Yamamoto Y Yasuda K Ishizuka T 《Metabolism: clinical and experimental》2003,52(1):19-24
Ceramide has been confirmed to be a signal mediator of apoptosis that is induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). It has also been reported that ceramide may induce insulin resistance as well as TNF-alpha. We investigated the effect of ceramide on insulin signaling pathways, such as insulin receptor (IR) beta-subunit, insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase Czeta (PKCzeta) in rat adipocytes. We examined insulin-stimulated [(3)H]2-deoxyglucose (2-DOG) uptake in rat adipocytes pretreated with N-hexanoylsphingosine (C(6)-ceramide, 10 to 30 micromol/L). Insulin-induced 2-DOG uptake was significantly reduced by C(6)-ceramide pretreatment. We also examined the effect of various concentrations of C(6)-ceramide pretreatment on insulin-induced autophosphorylation of the IR beta-subunit, tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1, enzyme activity of PI3K, and membrane-associated PKCzeta immunoreactivity. Pretreatment with C(6)-ceramide significantly reduced autophosphorylation of the IR beta-subunit, tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1, and enzyme activity of PI3K. Moreover, membrane-associated PKCzeta immunoreactivity and immunoprecipitable PKCzeta enzyme activity, downstream of PI3K, were significantly suppressed by C(6)-ceramide pretreatment. These results suggest that ceramide may induce insulin resistance via the suppression of IRS-1-PI3K signaling, and subsequent activation of PKCzeta. 相似文献
60.
Yushiro Endo Shin-ya Kawashiri Shimpei Morimoto Ayako Nishino Momoko Okamoto Sosuke Tsuji Ayuko Takatani Toshimasa Shimizu Remi Sumiyoshi Takashi Igawa Tomohiro Koga Naoki Iwamoto Kunihiro Ichinose Mami Tamai Hideki Nakamura Tomoki Origuchi Yukitaka Ueki Tamami Yoshitama Nobutaka Eiraku Naoki Matsuoka Akitomo Okada Keita Fujikawa Hideo Otsubo Hirokazu Takaoka Hiroaki Hamada Tomomi Tsuru Shuji Nagano Arinobu Yojiro Toshihiko Hidaka Yoshifumi Tada Atsushi Kawakami 《Medicine》2021,100(1)
We aimed to evaluate the utility of a simplified ultrasonography (US) scoring system, which is desired in daily clinical practice, among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving biological/targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).A total of 289 Japanese patients with RA who were started on tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, abatacept, tocilizumab, or Janus kinase inhibitors between June 2013 and April 2019 at one of the 15 participating rheumatology centers were reviewed. We performed US assessment of articular synovia over 22 joints among bilateral wrist and finger joints, and the 22-joint (22j)-GS and 22-joint (22j)-PD scores were evaluated as an indicator of US activity using the sum of the GS and PD scores, respectively.The top 6 most affected joints included the bilateral wrist and second/third metacarpophalangeal joints. Therefore, 6-joint (6j)-GS and -PD scores were defined as the sum of the GS and PD scores from the 6 synovial sites over the aforementioned 6 joints, respectively. Although the 22j- or 6j-US scores were significantly correlated with DAS28-ESR or -CRP scores, the correlations were weak. Conversely, 6j-US scores were significantly and strongly correlated with 22j-US scores not only at baseline but also after therapy initiation.Using a multicenter cohort data, our results indicated that a simplified US scoring system could be adequately tolerated during any disease course among patients with RA receiving biological/targeted synthetic DMARDs. 相似文献