Changes of arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) following push-back operation

This study showed the influence of the push-back operation on the occurrence of sleep-related apnea in cleft-palate patients with an analysis of arterial oxygen saturation (SpO₂) during sleep, polygraphic analysis of nasal air flow, and chest wall movements. The postoperative SpO₂ was lower than that of the presurgical period in all cases, requiring from five to nine days to recover to presurgical levels. According to polygraphic analysis this depression of SpO₂ was caused by peripheral obstructive apnea, while, in spite of the cessation of nasal airflow, chest wall movement continued.     

A study on kinetic frictional properties in Begg/KB orthodontic appliances at posterior sites

In Begg and KB techniques, the kinetic frictional force generated between their characteristic orthodontic appliances at posterior sites and the orthodontic wire affects the efficiency of tooth movement. We compared the kinetic frictional force between the recent orthodontic appliances for posterior sites: the by-pass loop-KB buccal tube system (loop-KB tube system) and the conventional by-pass clamp-round buccal tube system (clamp-round tube system), and elucidated the frictional properties of the loop-KB tube system. We used 016"/018" round wires (016/018 round) and 022" × 016" ribbon wire (022 ribbon) with anchorage bend/curve applied. The results obtained were as follows:

Eosinophilic granuloma of the ramus similar to malignant neoplasm or osteomyelitis: Report of a case

An eosinophilic granuloma was discovered in the region of the ramus of the mandible. This case occured in a very rare location limited only to the ramus, and showed similar features resembling osteomyelitis or malignant neoplasm at different stages of the disease. The radiographic findings indicated a diagnosis of malignant neoplasm and the scintigraphic manifestations showed that of osteomyelitis. The histopathological examinations showed different manifestations in accordance with the respective stages of the disease. This case was finally diagnosed as eosinophilic granuloma showing rapid regression.     

Binding specificity of Fusobacterium nucleatum to human erythrocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, fibroblasts, and HeLa cells

Eighteen strains of Fusobacterium nucleatum were studied with respect to their adherence to human erythrocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, fibroblasts, and HeLa cells. Four types of adherence were found: 1) sugar-sensitive adherence 2) amino acid-sensitive adherence 3) unknown adherence 4) weak adherence. There was no obvious correlation between the patterns of hemagglutination and adherence to other cells. The results indicate not only a complex network of bacterial receptors on human cells, but also a variety of types of bacterial adherence as expressed by the selectivity of the bacterial binding to specific cell surfaces.     

Anterior maxillary resin-bonded fixed partial denture to preserve occlusal surface area for anterior guidance. A clinical report

One of the problems with anterior maxillary resin-bonded fixed partial dentures is anterior-guided occlusion. An anterior maxillary resin-bonded fixed partial denture was fabricated. The reduction of the lingual surface of the abutment was restricted to the nonocclusal surface area for anterior guidance. The patient's original mandibular movement did not change after the denture was seated. The denture has been functioning satisfactorily without any problems for more than 72 months. This article emphasizes the concept of fabricating an anterior maxillary resin-bonded fixed partial denture without reduction of the occlusal surface area for anterior guidance.     

Rationale behind the design and comparative evaluation of an all-in-one self-etch model adhesive

Objective

To investigate and compare bonding and dentin sealing efficacy of a marketed all-in-one and an experimental model adhesive with minimum effective amounts of acidic monomer and water.

Materials and methods

Composition of model adhesive (NAD) in mass%: UDMA (45), 4-META (20), H₂O (7.5), and acetone (27.5). For characterization of a reasonable NAD application procedure shear bond strengths (SBS, n = 8) were determined on human enamel and dentin. Clearfil S³ Bond (TSB; Kuraray) served as reference. SBSs were evaluated after 10 min, 1 and 7 days, and 1 month, marginal adaptation (n = 8) was assessed in cylindrical butt-joint dentin cavities. Diffusive and convective water fluxes through 1 mm thick adhesive-coated dentin disks (n = 6) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed.

Results

SBSs proved that application of NAD in one coat with 20 s agitated dwell time was ≥20 MPa, enamel SBSs (24 h) were 25 MPa, p > 0.05. Dentin SBSs for TSB and NAD were not different (p > 0.05) at the four stages (means: 18.9, 23.5, 25.4, and 23.6 MPa). Five and seven of the eight bonded restorations with TSB and NAD were gap-free (p > 0.05). Dentin disks treated with EDTA from both sides or one side only were highly permeable for liquid, whereas adhesive-coated dentin disks showed no permeability at 0 and 2.5 kPa water pressure.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this study the model adhesive tested represents a promising basic composition for all-in-one adhesives, eliminating common problems encountered with single step adhesives such as phase separation and permeability.     

Strengthening the prevention of periodontal disease: the WHO approach

BACKGROUND: The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the burden of periodontal disease in adult populations worldwide, to emphasize the essential risk factors common to periodontal disease and chronic diseases, to outline important new strategies for effective prevention of periodontal disease, and to inform about the role of the World Health Organization (WHO) in developing a national capacity for the prevention of disease. METHODS: Information about periodontal health status as measured by the Community Periodontal Index system is stored in the WHO Global Oral Health Data Bank. Updated information concerning WHO standard age groups was used to describe the prevalence rates of signs of periodontal disease, i.e., gingival bleeding, periodontal pocketing, and loss of attachment. RESULTS: Gingival bleeding is highly prevalent among adult populations in all regions of the world; advanced disease with deep periodontal pockets (> or =6 mm) affects approximately 10% to 15% of adults worldwide. The available evidence shows that important risk factors for periodontal disease relate to poor oral hygiene, tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, stress, and diabetes mellitus. Integrated preventive strategies based on the common risk factors approach are recommended for public health practice. CONCLUSIONS: The vast majority of countries need to establish a surveillance system for measuring progress in the control of periodontal disease and promotion of oral health. WHO has designed approaches for the integration of oral disease prevention within the prevention of non-communicable chronic diseases, and global strategies are currently being implemented in all regions of the world.